美国大学英语写作课后习题集规范标准答案

1、SuggestedAnswersforTheYellowRibbon”-byPeteHamill(P.210)1. Vingoreturnedfromprisontofindthathiswifestilllovedhimandwantedhimback.2. b3. a4. B5. Twoexamples:Vingotellshisstoryslowlyandpainfullyandwithgreathesitation.Vingotellshisstoryslowlyandpainfullyandwithgreathesitation/'6. ExamplesofVingo'

2、;sbeinghonorable:Hedoesnrtexpressanyself-pityaboutbeinginjail.Heownsuptohiscrime.Heoffershiswifeherfreedom.7. Placenames:FortLauderdale,NewJersey,Washington,Jacksonville,the34thStreetOthertransition:TerminalinNewYork,Philadelphia,Brunswick8. Butifshedidn't.9. MaybetheauthorHamillaskedoneoftheyou

3、ngpeopleinthestoryabouthertravelingexperience.10. TheauthorendsthisessaybydescribinghowtheyoungpeopleshoutedexcitedlywhentheysawtheyellowribbonsontheoaktreeandhowVingorosefromhisseatandmadehiswaytothefrontofthebustogohomenervously.WemayexpectthatVingowouldreceiveanamazingandwarmwelcomewhenhewalksint

4、ohishome.Theauthorjustwantstoleavessomespaceforthereaderstothinkandimaginefreely.P.256-TamingtheAngerMonster:byAnneDavidson1. d2. Angerhasbecomeanincreasinglycommonprobleminoursociety.3. AccordingtoCarolTavris,authorofAnger:TheMisunderstoodEmotion,thekeystodealingwithangerarecommonsenseandpatiencce.

5、4. Effect:AnepidemicofangerThreecauses:Lackoftime,technology,tension6. B7.SupportingPoint1:Pw曲raph(s)SiLipfMP<2;Psiraj1rupb(slSlipporlirtgIFint3：ParagruphtsjSupFR/Hr%ljhU4；SupporlingPohmWPiimprnph*iCtiiicliisiuri:Pumgruph:7. TobeginwithTechnologyisalsoTension,thethirdmajorculprit8. D9. Thefirstpa

6、ragraphpresentsastoryaboutapersonwithangerproblems.Thelastparagraphshowshowthatstorywassuccessfullyresolved.P289.-BorntoBeDifferent?:byCamilleLewisc2.a3.D4. Shelistsaseriesofexampleswherethempathizing”mindsetisevident:female-dominatedcareers,femalereadingmatter,andfemalerelationships5. BrainanatomyW

7、aysofinteractingwiththeworldWaysofproblemsolving6. Lewispresentsheressaypointbypoint.Thefirstpointisaboutbrainanatomy,thesecondisaboutinteractingwiththeworld,andthethirdisaboutproblemsolving.Foreachpoint,shediscusseswomenandthenmen.7.Introduction:Paragraphs1-5SupportingPoint1:Paragraph(s)_6-7Support

8、ingPoint2:Paragraph()_39SupportingPoint3:Paragraph)-10-11Conclusion:Paragraph-127. Ontheotherhand(7)Incontrast(9)But(11)8. d10aP.508-SuggestedAnswersforShame”-DickGregory(P.508)Note:Thenumbersinparenthesesrefertorelevantparagraphsintheselection.ReadingComprehensionQuestions,584-5851. A2.D3.bAnswersa

9、,c,anddaretoonarrow.4.aAnswersb,c,anddaretoonarrow.5.cSeeParagraph66.TrueSeeParagraph237.aSeeParagraph58. B.TheentireincidentwiththeCommunityChestFundshowsRichardspride9. bRichard'steacherignoreshisproblemsandhumiliateshiminfrontoftheentireclass;seeparagraphs5through26.10. bHelenecriesoverRichar

10、dshumiliation;seeparagraph23.StructureandTechnique,5851. Inparagraphs1and2,GregorymentionsseveralstepshetooktoimpressHeleneTucker.Whatwerethey?Whydoesheincludetheminhisessay?Answer:InordertoimpressHelene,Gregorybrushedhishair,gotahandkerchief,washedhissocksandshirteverynight,shoveledthesnowoffherwal

11、k,triedtomakefriendswithhermotherandaunts,andleftmoneyonherstoop.Hedescribesthosestepsindetailbecause,besidesdemonstratinghisdevotiontoHelene,theygiveaclearpictureofGregorypoverty.2. Ametaphorisasuggestedcomparison.WhatmetaphordoesGregoryuseinparagraph5,andwhatisitspurpose?Whatmetaphordoesheuseinthe

12、secondsentenceofparagraph7,andwhatdoesitmean?Answer:Inparagraph5,Gregoryusesthemetaphorthathewaspregnanttosuggesttheeffectsofpovertyonhimitgavehimstrangetastes,whichpregnantpeopleget.Italsofilledhim(aspregnancyfillssomeone),butwithnegativethings:poverty,dirt,smellsthatmadepeopleturnaway,andsoon.Inth

13、esecondsentenceofparagraph7,Gregoryusesthemetaphorofaflyingeagletorepresentthemovementofmoney.(Apictureofaneagleisengravedononesideofaquarter).3. Innarratingtheincidentsintheclassroomandintherestaurant,Gregorychoosestoprovideactualdialogueratherthanmerelytotellwhathappened.Why?Answer:Byusingtheexact

14、wordsspokenbyHelene,theteacher,andhimself,Gregorygivesaveryclearpictureofwhathappenedbyallowingthereadertoexperience'it,ratherthansimplyhearageneralsummary.ThedialoguebetweenHeleneandtheteachershowsHeleneasanideallittlestudentwhoreceivedapprovalfromtheteacher.ThedialoguebetweenGregoryandtheteach

15、er,however,clearlydemonstratesGregory"seagernesstoimpressHeleneandhisunsuccessful,embarrassingattempttogaintheteacherapproval.IfGregoryhadmerelydescribedwhathadhappened,wewouldhaveamuchlessvividimpressionofthecharactersinvolved.4. Attheendoftheessay,Gregoryshiftshisfocusfromtheclassroomtothesce

16、neinvolvingthewinoattherestaurant.Whatistheconnectionbetweenthisclosingsceneandtherestoftheessay?Answer:Inthebodyoftheessay,Gregoryisnarratingatimethathewasshamedpubliclyandnoonecametohisdefense.Intheclosingscene,Gregoryrealizesthathehasdonethesamethingthathe,too,haswitnessedapersonbeingshamedwithou

17、tassistinghim.Hefeelsanewkindofshame,thatofhavingfailedtohelpanothermaninneed.CriticalReadingandDiscussion,5861. WhenGregorywrites,Ineverlearnedhateathome,orshame.Ihadtogotoschoolforthat”(paragraph1),heisusingironyaninconsistencybetweenwhatisexpectedandwhatactuallyoccurs.Whatdoeshemeanbythesetwostat

18、ements?Whatistheeffectofhisirony?Answer:Gregorymeansthatalthoughhishomelifewasoneofpovertyandwant,hishomewasnotaplaceofinhumanevalues,suchashatredandshame.Butatschool,whichonitssurfacewasamorepositiveplace,hewasmadetofeelhatredandshame.Theironicstatementintriguesthereaderandmakeshimorherwanttoknowmo

19、reaboutwhatGregorymeans.2. WhatareGregory"sfeelingsabouthisteacher?Whatwereyourfeelingsaboutherasyoureadthisessay?WhatcouldtheteacherhavedoneorsaidthatwouldnothavemadeGregoryfeelashamed?Answer:Gregoryseemssadandresentfulthattheteacherdidnotunderstandwhyhemisbehavedinclassandthatsheassumedhewass

20、tupidandatroublemaker.Buthealsowantedherapprovalbadly,asseenbytheCommunityChestincidentandthefactthathegotabigthrill”outofbeingchosentocleantheblackboard.Students'suggestionsabouttheteacherwillvary.Onepossibility:ShecouldhavemerelythankedGregoryinclassandthenspokentohimprivatelylaterifshedoubted

21、thathecouldcontributetoCommunityChest.3. Gregoryshowshowachildhoodincidenttaughthimshame.WhatotherimportantlessonsdoesGregorylearninthisessay?Explain.Answer:Fromparagraph3,inwhichGregorytalksabouthisaccomplishmentslaterinlife,wecanconcludethathelearnedhecouldboosthisself-esteemthroughhisownefforts.P

22、aragraph5showsthatfromhisownexperiences,helearnedthatchildrenwhoarehungryandpoormayfeelinvisibleandsobehaveinwaysthatattractattention.Fromhisexperiencewiththewino,helearnedthatinordertofeelgoodabouthimself,hewouldhavetostartstandingupforotherpeoplewhowereshamed.4. Attheendofhisessay,Gregorysays,Iwai

23、tedtoolongtohelpanotherman.”Whydoyouthinkhewaitedsolongtoassistthewino?Whataresomereasonspeopledonotalwayshelpotherswhoareinneed(forexample,ignoringahomelesspersonseatedonthesidewalk)?Answer:Gregoryprobablyhadmanyreasonsfornothelpingthewinosooner:embarrassmentatdrawingattentiontohimself,reluctanceto

24、partwithhishard-earnedmoney,notwantingtogetintroublewithMr.Williams,notknowingthewinoandthusfeelingtheaffairwasn'thisbusiness,etc.Peoplehavesimilarreasonsfornothelpingothersinneed.Inaddition,peoplewhoignoreahomelessmanmayfeelthattheman'sproblemsmaybeincludingsubstanceabuseormentalillnessares

25、obiganddeep-rootedthattheyarenotqualifiedtohelphiminanyeffectiveway.Thesis-and-SupportOutlineThesis:Livingpoorwas,fortheauthor,ahumiliatingexperience.1. Hewasembarrassedinfrontofhisclassmatesand,worse,infrontofHeleneTucker(7-23).2. Everybodyknewhewasaworthyboy”whohadnoDadandnomoney(28).3. Hisself-pi

26、typreventedhimfromhelpinganotherpoorman,thewino(29-37).P.567SuggestedAnswersforPropagandaTechniquesinToday'sAdvertising”byAnnMcClintockNote:Thenumbersinparenthesesrefertorelevantparagraphsintheselection.ReadingComprehensionQuestions,648-6491. b2. d3. bAnsweraistoobroad;answerscanddaretoonarrow.4

27、. cAnswersaandbaretoonarrow;answerdistoobroad.5. bParagraph96. dParagraphs18-197. cParagraph168. cParagraph239. b10. aStructureandTechnique,649-6501. Inparagraph1,McClintock'schoiceofwordsrevealsherattitudestowardbothpropagandistsandthepublic.Whatspecificwordsrevealherattitudes,andwhatattitudesd

28、otheyrepresent?Answer:McClintockdescribespropagandistsas§educerSandbrainwashers：Shereferstotheiralluringimages,"theirtricks,andtheircharm."Shedescribesthepublicascontent"andeager.victims."Herchoiceofwordsmakesitclearthatshethinkspropagandistsareuntrustworthyandinterestedinta

29、kingunfairadvantageofatoo-trustingpublic.2. WhatkeytermdoesMcClintockdefineinparagraph2?Whydoesshedefineithere?Whereelseintheessaydoessheusethetechniqueofdefinition?Answer:Shedefinesthetermpropaganda.Sheplacesthedefinitionclosetothebeginningbecauseitissoessentialtothereaderunderstandingoftherestofhe

30、ressay.OtherpointsatwhichMcClintockusesdefinitionareinparagraphs5,6,9,12,16,18,and21.Ineachofthoseparagraphs,shedefinesaparticularpropagandatechnique.3. McClintockusesparenthesesintwolists,theonesinparagraphs7and19.Whatpurposedotheseparenthesesserve?Answer:Paragraph7listshigh-soundingbutbasicallyemp

31、typhrases.Theauthorusesparenthesestoaddcommentsthatrevealtheemptinessofthoselistedphrases.Paragraph19listsclaimsthatincludeWeaselwords.”Theauthorusesparenthesestoshowjusthowinsubstantialthoseweaselwordsare.4.McClintockprovidesabundantexamplesthroughoutheressay.Whydoessheprovidesomanyexamples?Whatdoe

32、ssheaccomplishwiththistechnique?Answer:McClintock'smanyexamples,drawnfromthetelevisionandprintadsweallseeeveryday,clarifyherdefinitionsanddemonstratethatpropagandatechniquesaretrulyafactorineverydaylife.Theexamplesmakethereadermoreawareoftheeffectsofpropagandaondecisionsheorshemakes.CriticalRead

33、ingandDiscussion,6501. Someofthepropagandatechniqueslistedintheselectionhavecontrastingappeals.Howdoname-callingandglitteringgeneralitiescontrastwitheachother?Testimonialsandplainfolks?Answer:Name-callingappealstotheinstinctsoffear,anger,andmistrust.Name-callingpropagandaencouragesthepublictorejects

34、omethingorsomeone.Glitteringgeneralities,ontheotherhand,appealtothepublic'spositiveemotions:love,attraction,patriotism.Thepublicisaskedtoacceptthethingorpersonadvertisedbyassociatingitwiththoseemotions.Testimonialsdependonthepublicsinterestinoraffectionforcelebritiespeopleordinaryviewersdon'

35、tknowbutadmireandseeasbiggerandmoreimportantthanthemselves.Bycontrast,plainfolksadvertisingisbasedontheideathatthepubliclikestoseeordinarypeoplepeoplelikethemselvesintheproductsandservicestheybuy.2. Whyareadsthatusethebandwagonapproachsoeffective?Whatadshaveyouseenrecentlythatusethatapproach?Answer:

36、Thebandwagontechniqueiseffectivebecauseofthehumanneedtobepartofagroup.Wefeelsafeandsecurewhenwearesurroundedbypeoplewhoagreewithusaboutsomethin"evensomethingastrivialaswhatfrozencoffeecakeisbest(Nobodydoesn'tlikeSaraLed).Answerstothesecondquestionwillvary.3. Theauthorstates,Americans,adults

37、andchildrenalike,arebeingseduced.”Whatmightbethedifferencesbetweenthewaysadultsandchildrenreacttotheseductionsofadvertising?Answer:Answerswillvary.4. McClintockstates,Wearevictims,seeminglycontenteveneageLtobevictimized"(paragraph1).Doyouagree?Isthisarticlelikelytochangehowyouviewadsinthefuture

38、?Whyorwhynot?Answer:Answerswillvary.Thesis-and-SupportOutlineThesis:Peopleshoulddetectandunderstandcommonpropagandatechniques,whichappealtotheemotionsratherthantologic.1. Wearebombardedwithads,whichpresentbiasedmessagesthroughvariouspropagandatechniques,includingsevencommonones(1-4).2. Namecallingre

39、ferringtoacompetitorwithnegativelychargednamesorcomments(5).3. Glitteringgeneralitiesmakingimportant-soundinggeneralclaimswithnoexplanation(6-8).4. Transferassociatingsomethingwithasymbolorimagemostpeoplerespectandadmire(9-11).5. Testimonialpromotingsomethingwiththesupportofacelebrity(12-15).6. Plai

40、nfolksassociatingsomethingwiththeaverageperson(16-17).7. Cardstackingmakingsomethingsoundgoodbysuppressingrelevantevidenceormakinganunfinishedclaim(18-19).8. BandwagoLappealingtopeoplesdesiretodowhatmanyothersaredoing(20-21).9. Usecriticalthinkingtoavoidreactingemotionallytoads(22-23).P.592Suggested

41、AnswersforHere'stoYourHealth"-JoanDunayerNote:Thenumbersinparenthesesrefertorelevantparagraphsintheselection.ReadingComprehensionQuestions,667-6681. c2. c3. dAnswersa,b,andcaretoonarrow.4. cAnsweraistoonarrow;answerbistoobroad;answerd,neverdirectlystatedinthearticle,istoonarrow.5. bParagrap

42、h66. FalseParagraph47. TrueParagraph88. a9. FalseParagraphs6and810. dParagraphs4and8StructureandTechnique,668-6691. WhatmethodofintroductiondoesDunayeruse?Whateffectdoyouthinkshehopedtoachievewiththisintroduction?Answer:Sheusesananecdote.BytellingabriefstoryaboutTod'sexperience,sheputsahumanface

43、onthelargerideathatalcoholabuseislinkedtosocietalpressure.ItalsosetsthetoneforDunayer'sthesisbyshowingthepotentialdangerofevensmallamountsofalcohol.2. DunayerintroduceshercriticismofalcoholwiththewordsPartofthemythis."(Seethefirstsentenceofparagraph3.)Whatadditiontransitionsdoessheusetointr

44、oduceeachofthethreeotherpartsofthemyth(inthefirstsentencesofparagraphs5,7,and9)?Whatisgainedbytheuseofthesetransitions?Answer:Thethreeadditiontransitionsareanother,"also,"andfinally."Eachtransitionmakesthereaderawarethatoneelementofthemythisbeingintroduced.3. ThebodyofDunayersessayism

45、adeupoffourpairsofparagraphs(paragraphs3and4;5and6;7and8;9and10).Whatistherelationshipbetweentheparagraphsineachpair?InwhichofthetwoparagraphsdoesDunayerpresentherownperspective?Whydoyouthinksheputsherownperspectiveinthatparagraph?Answer:Inthefirstparagraphofeachpair,Dunayerpresentsonepartofthealcoh

46、olmyth.Shebeginseachsecondparagraphwithatopicsentencethatrepresentsherperspective.Shethengoesontosupporthertopicsentencewithaseriesoffacts.Forexample,belowisthetopicsentenceofparagraph4;itrepresentsherperspective,whichcontradictswhattheadinparagraph3suggestsaboutwhiskey.Contrarytowhattheliquorcompan

47、ywouldhaveusbelieve,drinkingismorecloselyrelatedtolackofsuccessthantoachievements.Shethenfollowsthatsentencewithsupportingfacts.Bypresentingherperspectiveafterdescribingeachpartofthemyth,Dunayermakesherpointsmoredramatically:Shesetsupanappealingimageinthefirstparagraphofeachpaironlytoknockitdownwith

48、forceinthesecondone.4. Inheressay,Dunayerprovidesvividdescriptionsofalcoholadvertisements,particularlyinparagraphs3and5.Whatvividdetailsdoessheprovide?Howdothesedetailssupporthermainpoint?Answer:Inparagraph3shedescribesindetailtheprintadshowingtwoprosperous-lookingbusinessmeninarestaurant,surrounded

49、byfinecrystal,velvetdraperies,andspotlesslinen.Inparagraph5,sheprovidesdetailsaboutabeachscene:ayoung,beautiful,sexywoman;ayoungmuscularmanenticingherwithacoldbeer.Byprovidingsuchdetaileddescriptions,Dunayermakesthereaderveryawareoftheadvertiser'spremise(alcoholwillmakeyousuccessful;alcoholwillm

50、akeyousexuallyattractive)behindsuchads.CriticalReadingandDiscussion,6691. Dunayerpresentsandthenrebutsfourmyths”aboutalcohol.Whatarethesefourmyths?AccordingtoDunayer,whatistherealitybehindeachmyth?Answer:(1)Alcoholwillmakeyouprofessionallysuccessful.Infact,saysDunayer,alcoholisfrequentlytiedtolowach

51、ievementandpoverty.(2)Alcoholwillmakeyousexuallyattractive.Dunayersaysthatalcoholactuallylowersone'shormonesandcanleadtoimpotenceandinfertility.(3)Alcoholandsportsmixwell.Dunayerpointsoutthatalcoholslowsthereflexes,interfereswiththeeyes'abilitytofocus,andincreasesthelikelihoodofvariousseriou

52、sdiseases.(4)Alcoholbringsfamiliesclosertogether.Infact,Dunayerwrites,alcoholisfrequentlyinvolvedindomesticviolence,suicide,andbirthdefects.2. Dunayerconcludes,“Here'stoyourhealth"ringswithaterribleironywhenitisaccompaniedbytheclinkofliquorglasses”(paragraph11).Whatistheterribleirony”sheref

53、ersto?Howdoesthisironyalreadysignaledinheressay/stitlerelatetohermainpoint?Answer:Theironyisthatalcohol,ratherthanpromotingone'shealth,isoftentiedtoillnessandmisery.Theironyisalsoimpliedinhermainpointthatwhileadvertisingmythspromiseusthatalcoholwillimproveourlives,itisfarmorelikelytohavedestruct

54、iveeffects.3. DoyouthinkDunayer'sessayaboutthemythsofalcoholisone-sided,orisitbalanced?Explain.Whatadditionalpointscouldbeusedtosupportherpointortorebutit?Answer:Theessayisone-sidedinthesensethatDunayerdoesnotincludeopinionsfrompeoplewhodisagreewithher.Otherpointsshemighthaveusedtosupportherargu

55、mentincludethewidespreadideaamongyoungpeoplethatusingalcoholmakesthemseemmoreadult.RebuttalsofDunayer'sargumentcouldincludetheideasthatmanypeopleusealcoholresponsiblyandthattheproblemisnotwiththeproductitselfbutwithirresponsiblepeople'smisuseofit.4. Advertisersoftencreatemythsorusefalseideas

56、togetpeopletobuytheirproducts.Besidesalcoholads,whataresomeotherexamplesofmanipulativeordeceptiveadvertising?Doyouthinkadvertisersshouldbepermittedtousesuchtacticstosellproducts?Answer:Answerswillvary.Thesis-andSupportOutlineThesis:Themediaandourculturepromoteafalsemythaboutalcohol.1. Partofthemythi

57、sthatalcoholsignalssuccess;therealityisthatalcoholcanpreventsuccess(3-4).2. Anotherpartofthemythisthatalcoholmakesonesexuallyattractive;therealityisthatalcoholcanmakeonelesssexy(5-6).3. Athirdpartofthemythisthatalcoholcombineswellwithathletics;therealityisthatalcoholslowspeopledownandcanleadtophysic

58、aldecline(7-8).4. Thefourthpartofthemythisthatalcoholcontributestofamilyhappiness;therealityisthatalcoholcanleadtogreatunhappiness.P.607SuggestedAnswersforCollegeLectures:IsAnybodyListening?”byDavidDanielsNote:Thenumbersinparenthesesrefertorelevantparagraphsintheselection.ReadingComprehensionQuestio

59、ns,683-6841. c2. a3. cAnswersa,banddarealltoonarrow,aseachcoversonlyasinglepointoftheselection.4. bAnswersa,c,anddaretoonarrow.5. dParagraphs5and76. aParagraph107. aParagraph108. aParagraph9and109. TrueParagraphs11through1310. cParagraph13StructureandTechnique,6841. Danielsbeginshisessaywithananecdoteaboutaformerteacherofhis.Howdoesthisintroductionrelate