(完整)初中被动语态语法讲解

1、初中被动语态语法讲解(一) 语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用被”、给”、曲”、受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态,列表如下：一般现在时:am/is/are+done一般过去时:was/were+do

2、ne一般将来时：shall/will+bedone一般过去将来时：should/would+bedone现在进行时:am/is/are+being+done过去进行时:was/were+being+done现在完成时:have/has+been+done过去完成时:had+been+done将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+done过去将来完成时:should/would+havebeen+done注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。(三) 常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1) Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Ri

3、ceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2) Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2. 一般过去时：(1) Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2) Thestudentsdidn'tforgethisle

4、ssonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten3. 一般将来时：(1) Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2) Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4. 过去将来时：(1) Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbec

5、ompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2) Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5. 现在进行时：(1) TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2) Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6. 过去进行时：(1) Thewo

6、rkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2) Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7. 现在完成时：(1) Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2) Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.8. 过去完成时：(1)

7、 WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2) Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader(四) 含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由倩态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1) Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompo

8、sitionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2) Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(五) 被动语态的使用1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。"Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.Thecupwasbr

9、okenbyPaul.3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.(六) 主动语态变被动语态的方法(1) Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语tIwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语(2) Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.tAspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1. 把主动语态

10、的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地名词作状语。(七) 语态转换时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其

11、中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1. 一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to,如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1) Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.

12、(2) Mybikewaslenttoher.2. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1) Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2) Themeatwascookedforus.(3) Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3. 由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+介词，女口：agreeto,a

13、skfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。(1) Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.(2) Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：如:bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。(1) Hisrequestwasturneddown.

14、(2) Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather4. 带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1) Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.tTheclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2) Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.tWeweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等

15、动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.tHeisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5. 当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredb

16、yanybody.6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.误：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?误:Whowast

17、hestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?8. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1) Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2) Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidntcookwell.

18、(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1) Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2) Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3) Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，

19、谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：(1) Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.(2) Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasb

20、rokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：Itaughtmy

21、selfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.10. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说Itissaidthat据报导Itisreportedthat据推测Itissupposedthat希望Itishopedthat众所周知Itiswellknownthat普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建议Itissuggestedthat-(1) Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.(2)

22、ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.初中被动语态练习题()1.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2.EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftens

23、ung()4.ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5.Newcomputersallovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8.Anewhouseatth

24、ecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9.ThekeyonthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10.Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11.Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpubli

25、shed()12.Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13.Thesepapersyet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14.Thesportsmeetbehelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15.-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybem

26、ended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16.thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17.thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18.Whytotalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'the

27、ld()19.Whowasthebook?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20.Wheretheseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21.Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22.Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23.ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.c

28、anbemend()24.Theoldbridgeinmyhometownnextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25.TheplayatthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26.TheoldstonebridgenextweekA.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebui

29、ld()27.Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28.ThepotforhotwaterA.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29.Tea_inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow)30.Thebridgestwoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebui

30、ltD.wasbuilt)31.WetclothesareoftenupnearafireinrainyweatherA.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung)32.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing)33.TheteapotwaterA.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled)34.Oldpeoplemustbelooke

31、dafterwellandpolitely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento)35.Oldpeoplemust.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafter)36.Newly-bornbabiesinhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare)37.Theywereatthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightened)38.Thesewallsstone.A.

32、aremadeofB.madeof)39.JaneA.called)40.ThepapersA.wereshown)41.ThecoatA.madeto)42.IC.frightenC.aremadeintotosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.B.wasaskedtothem.B.showhersister.B.weremadeforC.wasmadeforC.toldC.shownfiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.C.hadgivenA.gaveB.wasgiving)43.Goodcaresuchthings

33、.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetaken)44.Shewillgoodcare.A.take;ofB.betaken;of(A.todoD.belookedafterwellD.frightensD.madeintoD.wassaidD.haveshownD.wasmadetoD.wasgivenC.shouldbetakingC.take;foryou)45.Theteachermadehimhishomework.B.doC.didD.shouldbetakenofD.betaken;ofyouD.done()46.Theboy_streetswithoutpayint

34、heolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47.Thesechildrendance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48.Thesestoneswell.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49.Thebike500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()50.Theimportantmeetingonacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had()51.GreatchangesinthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()52.Youcan'tusethecomputer,it.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()53.Greatchangesinourcountryduringthep