Book-9-U2-语法

1、名词性从句复习名词性从句：即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词连接代词 ： who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接畐U词 : when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however连接词：whether, if "是否不充当句子的任何成分。that只能起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。二、名词性从句的分类1. 主语从句：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。That she likes

2、 such kind of films is very interesting.Whether he will come remai ns a questio n.What she is doing is none of your bus in ess.Whoever comes will be welcome.Where he has been is still a puzzle.However you do it is all right with me.2. 表语从句：表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的系动词之后。The problem is that smokers cannot go

3、 without smoki ng.问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。The question is whether it is worth doi ng.问题是这是否值得做。Chi na is no Ion ger what it used to be.中国已不是从前那个样子了。This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。3. 宾语从句：在句中可以作谓语动词或介词或某些形容词的宾语。They know that the habit may kill them.They doubt whether or not Jack is a go

4、od stude nt.The teacher is satisfied with what she has said.I ' m glathat I can go with you.4. 同位语从句：同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice, fact,dema nd, doubt, hope, idea, in formatio n, message, n ews, order, problem, promise, questio n, request, suggesti on, truth, wish, word 等。The news that

5、we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home.Word came that our football team had won the match.三、名词性从句中的注意点主语从句：1. 有时用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下1) It is + 名词 + that (名词:a pity/no wonder/a pleasure)eg. It is a pity that my new computer doesn' t work.2) It i

6、s +形容词+ that(形容词假设是 strange, necessary, important, natural 主语从句得用虚拟语气 should +v.eg. It ' s necessary that you complete the design before National Day.3) It is + 过去分词 + that (常用动词：report, say, tell, believe, think )eg. It ' s said that the sports meet will be poff.4) It +不及物动词+thateg. It occu

7、rred to me that I had told him the news. 我突然想起来 我已经告诉他这个消息了。2. 使用主语从句应注意。1) 从句作主语，谓语常用单数，但以what开始的主语从句，如后面的表语为复数时，谓语也用复数。eg. What he wants to buy are three books and two ball pens.What he wan ted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.2) that 从句位于句首时，that 绝对不能省略。That we are invited to the

8、concert is good news to us.3. It作形式主语和引导强调句的比较。It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句那么是强调句子某一局部，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调局部指人时也可用who/whom。eg. a) It is a pity that you didn ' t go to see the你不去看那场电影真可惜。b) It doesn' t interest me whether you succeed or n我对你成功与否不感兴趣。c) It is in the mo

9、rni ng that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。强调句型d) It is John that broke the window.是 John打碎的窗户。强调句型宾语从句：1. 连接词that引导的宾语从句，假设主句动词后有两个或以上的宾语从句，除第一个that夕卜，其余均不可省。eg. I forgot (that) my papers was due on Tuesday and that my teacher had said he would not accept late papers.2. 在 dema nd, order, suggest,

10、 decide, in sist, desire, request, comma nd等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形。eg. I in sist that she (should) do her work alo ne.我坚持要她自己工作。3. 注意宾语从句中的时态照应。1当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。eg. He studies En glish every day.从句用一般现在时eg. He studied En glish last term.从句用一般过去时eg. He kn ows (that) he

11、will study En glish next year.从句用一般将来时eg. He has studied En glish si nee 1998.从句用现在完成时2当主句动词是过去时态，从句那么要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，那么从句仍用现在时态。eg. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.She told me that the earth tur ns around the sun.表语从句：1. 表语从句的表现形式除了用附属连词，连接代词

12、和连接副词引导以外，还可用as, as if, as though。Things were not as they seemed.It looks as if it is going to rain.2. 另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构。The reason why is that eg. The reason why he was fired is that he didn ' t work hard.That is because eg. He was late for school yesterday. That is because he was ill. (because 说

13、明理由)That is why eg. He was ill. That is why he was late for school.(前面说明理由，why 引导从句表结果)同位语从句：1. 凡表示"请示、建议、命令等动词的相应的名词引导的同位语从句，均用should +v.原形如：order,advice, suggesti on, dema nd, proposal eg. The suggesti on that he should not go there is of great value.2. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别。1定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中

14、作某个成分主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语 从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。eg. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。同位语从句，tha

15、t在句中不作任何成分四、名词性从句中应注意的其它情况1. whether与if的区别1在宾语从句中可互换：eg. I don ' t know whether/if he will come this evening.2在表语、同位语从句中只能用whether:eg. The questi on is whether the film is worth see ing.3在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether, if都能引导主语从句，而if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，否那么也只能用whether。eg. Whether we shall attend the meetin

16、g hasn ' t been decidedIt is not sure if he will succeed.4在介词后只用 whether:eg. I haven ' t settled the question of whether Iome.' ll go back h5直接跟动词不定式时也只用whether:eg. He doesn ' t know whether to stay or not6后面紧跟or not只用whether。eg. Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.We did

17、n ' t know whether or not she was ready.7某些动词后discuss/depend只用 whether:eg. It all depe nds on whether they will support us.We must discuss whether he will be allowed come here.2. 名词性从句的语序：不管什么词引导，从句的语序始终用陈述语序。eg. I don ' t know why he was crying我不知道她为什么哭。The questi on is why there is little

18、rain here. 问题是这里为什么雨水少。3. Who/whoever, what/whatever 等的用法区别一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而 whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为 无论什么/无论谁。eg. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a child whatever he or she wan ts.这里的whatever表泛指意义无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的I can ' remember at the moment who has said the words.这里的 who

19、表特定的某人 4. that与what引导名词性从句的区别what用来引导各种名词性从句，并在从句中做主语、宾语或表语，意为所的事或物。eg. What I need is more time. what引导主语从句，并在从句中做need的宾语The boy isn ' t what he used to be.圖导表语从句，并在从句中做be的表语I have no idea what has happened to her. what引导同位语从句，并在从句中做主语that也可用来引导名词性从句，但that本身无意义，也不在从句中做任何成分，仅仅起一个连接的作用。eg. The te

20、acher taught us that we should always do our best.语法拓展训练一高考试题分析1. was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 2022 山东A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As解析C she told me是插入语，可删除。what引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语。st2. The compa nies are work ing together to createthey hope will be the best means of tran sport in th

21、e 21century. 2022 北京A. whichB. thatC. whatD. who解析C create后为宾语从句，从句中they hope是插入语，可删除，因为从句中缺少主语，所以用 what 引导该从句。3. The last time we had great fun waswe were visiti ng the Water Park. 2022 天津A. whereB. howC. whe nD. why解析C was后为表语从句，此处 when与the last time相照应，根据句意可排除其他选项。4. As his best friend, I can mak

22、e accurate guesses abouthe will do or think. 2022 上海A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that解析A介词about后为宾语从句，从句中动词do与think缺少宾语，所以用what引导该从句；which哪一个 whom"谁"与句意不符，可排除；that引导宾语从句时不充当成分，也可排除。5. Some childre n want to challe nge themselves by lear ning a Ian guage differe nt fromtheir pare nts speakat ho

23、me. 2022 浙江A. whatB. thatC. whichD. one解析A from后为宾语从句，从句中动词speak缺少宾语，所以用 what引导该从句。6. is known to us all is that the 2022 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. 2022福建A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which解析B从第二个is可知它的前面是主语从句，后面是表语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，所以用what引导；假设去掉第二个is，那么选A项。7. When askedthey n eeded most, the kids

24、 said they wan ted to feel importa nt and loved. 2022 湖南解析A 此句中 When asked =When they were asked, asked后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语所以用what引导该从句。8. People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years. 2022 重庆A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how解析C介词of后为宾语从句，此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当宾语。9. Students are alwa

25、ys interested in finding outthey can go with a new teacher. 2022 安徽A. how farB. how soonC. how oftenD. how long解析A finding out后为宾语从句，根据句意只能用how far至“十么程度或范围"引导该从句。10. Tomorrow is Tom ' s birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held? 2022 陕西A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where解析D idea后为

26、同位语从句，表示idea的具体内容，根据句意从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where引导。11. It has been provedeating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in laterlife. 2022 上海A. ifB. becauseC. whe nD. that解析D该句中it是形式主语，所填选项引导真正的主语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接 词，所以用that引导。12. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their o

27、wn way. 2022 浙江A. AnyoneB. The oneC. WhoeverD. Who解析C所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语，可排除 A、B两项；who可用来引导主语从句且 充当主语，但who表示疑问语气，与句意不符，故可排除；所以此处用 whoever引导主语从句，相当于anyone who，此时anyone用作先行词，who引导定语从句。13. The newsour athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday s newspaiper. 2022上海春招 A. whichB. whetherC.

28、 whatD. that解析D news后为同位语从句，表示news的具体内容，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。14. we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. 2022 上海春招A. WhatB. WhichC. WhetherD. That解析A所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当介词about的宾语，所以用 what引导。15. Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales, please? 2007 山东

29、解析C to后为宾语从句，此处用whoever引导宾语从句，在从句中充当主语，此时whoever=anyone who ;no matter who只能用于引导让步状语从句。16. matters most in lear ning En glish is eno ugh practice. 2007 全国 IIA. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which解析A所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当主语，所以用 what引导。17. He didn ' t makeclear when and where the meeting would be held. 20天津 A.

30、 thisB. thatC. itD. these解析C此处用it作形式宾语，when and where the meeting would be held作真正的宾语。当复合宾语中的 宾语是从句时，一般用先行代词it作形式宾语，而将从句放在补语的后面。18. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands makeit is.2007天津A. whatB. whichC. howD. where解析A此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当表语。which引导宾语从句时意

31、为哪一个表示选择；how引导宾语从句时意为如何 where引导宾语从句时意为在地方均与句意不符。19. he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 2007 上海A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Where解析B所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当宾语，所以用 what引导。20. Choos ing the right dicti onary depe nds onyou want to use it for. 2007 江苏A. whatB. whyC. howD. whether解析

32、A on后为宾语从句，此处用what引导宾语从句，在从句中充当介词for的宾语。21. Why not try your luck downtown. Bob? That sthbbest jobs are. 2007 浙江A. whereB. whatC. whe nD. why解析A That后为表语从句，此处where与downtown相照应，根据句意可排除其他选项。22. It is none of your bus in ess other people think about you. Believe yourself. 2007 福建A. howB. whatC. whichD.

33、 whe n解析B该句中it作形式主语，what引导主语从句。该主语从句复原为疑问句应为“ Whatdo other peoplethink about you?。23. Having checked the doors were closed, andall the lights were off, the boy opened the door to hisbedroom. 2007 湖南that引导。解析B所填选项引导宾语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用24. You can only be sure ofyou have at prese nt; you canno

34、t be sure of someth ingyou might get inthe future. 2007 安徽A. that; what B. what; /C. which; thatD. /; that解析B of后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以用 what引导；something后接定语从句，可以省略作宾 语的关系词that。25. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 2007 陕西A. ThatB. Which C. WhatD. As解析C所填选项引导主语从句，且在从句中充当say和do的宾

35、语，可排除A、D两项；which引导宾语从句时意为 哪一个，表示选择，与句意不符，应选C。26. The traditi onal view iswe sleep because our brain isprogram*7 上海make us do so.A. whe nB. whyC. whetherD. that解析D is后为表语从句，从句中不缺任何成份和意义，只缺少连接词，所以用that引导。27. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more ofyou read. 2007 上海春招 A.

36、thatB. whatC. which解析B of后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可排除表示选择，与句意不符，应选 B。二提升训练D. whetherA、D两项；which引导宾语从句时意为 哪一个1. Please remi nd mehe said he was goin g. I may be in time to see him off.A. whereB. whe nC. howD. what2. Engines are to mach ineshearts are to ani mals.A. asB. thatC. whatD. which3. I just won derthat

37、 makes him so excited.A. why it doesB. what he doesC. how it isD. what it is4. One adva ntage of play ing the guitar isit can give you a great deal of pleasure.A. howB. whyC. thatD. whe n5. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without men ti oninghis teammates had done.A. whatB. whichC. whyD. w

38、hile6. It ' s thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. whatD. when7. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A. why B. that C. whereD. because8. T

39、hese shoes look very good. I wonder .A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost9. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that10. Along with the letter was his promise he w

40、ould visit me this coming Christmas.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether11. The advice _ I should take some medicine sounds good.A. whichB. thatC. /D. what12. The problem is _ he has enough time.A. ifB. whetherC. /D. that13. All the building materials have been washed away. So I have heard. But there wa

41、s no sign a heavy rain was on the way last night.A. when B. that C. which D. if14. It is necessary that a college student at least a foreign language.A. should master B. mastersC. masteredD. will master15. Chances are high China and Russia will make an agreement to build an oil pipeline.A. when B. w

42、here C. thatD. which16. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly .A. where he had paid for itB. what he had paid for itC. what he was paid for itD. which he had paid for it17. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. WhoB. The oneC. AnyoneD. Whoever18. The infrastructure of a country is makes e