由动词开头构成的短语、句型教学内容

1、由动词开头构成的短语、句型由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：一、动词+介词1. look at 看，look like看上去像,look after 照料2. listen to 听3. welcome to 欢迎到4. say hello to 向问好5. speak to 对说话此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。二、动词+副词动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：A. 动词（vt.） +副词1. put on 穿上 2 . take off 脱下 3. write down 记下此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆

2、可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。B. 动词（vi） +副词。1. come on 赶快 2 . get up 起床 3 . go home 回家4. come in 进来 5. sit down 坐下 6. stand up 起立此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。三、其它类动词词组1. close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class |4. be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper |7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games |10. play

3、games介词短语聚焦介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。1. in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着 料。2. in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade 等，表示在排/队/班级/年级"等。3. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示 在上午/下午/傍晚"等一段时间。4. in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示 在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5. in the tree表示 在树上（非树本身所有）”；on the tree表

4、示 在树上（为树本身所有）”6. in the wall表示 在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示 在墙上（指墙的表面）”。7. at work （在工作）/at school （上学）/at home （在家）应注意此类短语中无 the。8. at +时刻表示钟点。9. like this/that表示方式，意为 像这/那样”。10. of短语表示所属关系。11. behind/ beside/ near/ unde叶名词等，表示方位、处所。|12. from与to多表示方向，前者意为 从”，后者意为 到”另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after break

5、fast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on |one ' s bik等。重点句型大回放|1. I think意为 我认为”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don ' t think 2. give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为 把料给”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. |3. take sb./ sth. to 意为把送）带到”，后常接地点，也可接人。4. One,

6、the other /One is and 意为is一个是；另一个是”，必须是两者中。5. Let sb. do sth.意为 让某人做某事”人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为 Don' t let sb do sth.，或Let sb.not do sth.另外，Let '与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，6. help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth. 意为 帮助某人做某事”前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二 者可以互换.7. What about ? /How about ?意为“怎

7、么样？"是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词， 其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。8. It ' s time to do / It ' s ti意为o该做.的时间了”其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形 式。9. like to do sth./like doing sth.意为 喜欢做某事” 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的 动作，10. ask sb.(not) to do sth.意为 让某人(不要)做某事”其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，11. show sb. sth. / show

8、sth. to do. 意为 把某物给某人看"，该句型的用法同前面第2点。12. introduce sb. to sb.意为 把某人介绍给另一人” introduce to sb.则是 向某人作介绍”重点短语快速复习1. kinds of各种各样的2. either 或者或者，不是就是3. neither n®不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on ones'way to 在途中9. b

9、e sick/ill in hospital 生病住院10. at the end of 在的尽头，在的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make one ' s way往(艰难地)走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of

10、 在的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as 就34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stop from doing sth阻止 干某事36. fall a

11、sleep 入睡37. again and again 再三地，反复地38. wake up醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise 运动42. had better（not） do sth. 最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=notany longer/m不再49. get back回来，取回50. sooner

12、 or later 迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take（good） care of=look after（好好we 照顾，照料56. think of考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）|61. turn off 关重温重点句型1. So + be /助动词/情态动词+

13、主语.|前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示另一人（物）也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用 “Neither/ Nor + be /助动词/情态动词+主语."这种倒装结构。注意：“So主语+be /助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示的确如此。”是呀。”neither.nor. , both.and. , either.or. , not only.but also.等句型要遵循相邻原则。2. Turn right / left at the first /second/crossing.这一指路的句型

14、意为在第一/二/ 个十字路口向右/左拐。"相当于Take the first /second/turning ontheright / left.3. It takes sb . some time to do sth .此句型表示干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语 .就等于 spent time on sth / spent time in doing sth4. thinkZfind + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真

15、正的宾 语。5. What' s wrong with ？ 此句型相当于 What' s the matter/ trouble with ?后跟某物作宾语时，意为 某物出什么毛病了？"后跟某人作宾语时, 意为某人怎么了？ ”6. too to 在sothat 复合句中，that后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句tooto(太而不能)进行句型转换。在sothat复合句中，that后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句 enough to进行句型转换.7. Sorry to hear that.全句应为I ' m sorry to hear that.意为听到此事我很难过(

16、遗憾)。"常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。| 重点句型、词组大盘点|1. She used to be a Chinese teacher.她过去是一位汉语老师。|用法used to +动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。搭配used to do 的否定式可以是 usedn ' t to d或 didn ' t use to do.比较used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；be used to do sth.被用来做某事。2. return it sooner

17、 or later.迟早要将它归还。用法l)sooner or later意为 迟早”、早晚”。2) return此处用作及物动词，意为 归还”，相当于give back.拓展return还可用作不及物动词，意为 返回”，相当于go back或come back。3. No matter what the weather is like无论天气用法no matter what相当于whatever，其意为 无论什么”，引导状语从句。拓展类似no matter what的表达方式还有：no matter when 无论什么时候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么

18、地方no matter who 无论谁no matter how 无论怎么样4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. |一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。用法practise doing sth.表示实践、练习(做)某事”。拓展practice名词，实践”、实施”、练习”；put a plan into practice 实行某计划。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.他鼓励大家参加保

19、护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。用法1)encourage用作动词，意思是 鼓励”、支持”。2) take part in 参加”常表示参加活动。3) protect是动词，表示 防御”、保护”。搭配1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害6. to warn people about sharks in the water.警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。|用法warn用作动词，意思是 警告”、警戒”。搭配1)warn sb.+

20、that 从句2)warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事3) warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事4) warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事常用动词短语1. have: have a coldcoughfeverheadachepain have a great effect onhave a good time have a matchmeetingdiscussion had better do sthhave no choice but to do sth have a rest have on |2. make: m

21、ake a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a face make an effort to dosth make a living make up one' s mind to do sth make a mistake make a noise make a speech make an apology makeit a rule |make it make into make out of make upmake of make from make a call3. take: t

22、ake a seat take a message for take an interest in |take off take on (a new look) take over take steps to do |take some measures to do sth take care take charge take part intake place take the place of take turns to do sth take medicine |take up|4. go: go cold go hungry be gone go dad want a gogo ska

23、tingfishingshoppingswimming go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth go down go well go head go|out |go over go against go without go on a picnic go through |5. get: get down to doing sth get hurtmarrieddressedcaughtget over get off get ready for get up get in get through get on well with get

24、together get in to the habit of doingget used to doing sth get rid of get tired of6. put: put on put forward put off put output up put on weight put away put down |7. play: play an important part in play an important role inplay football play the piano8. keep: keep back keep in touch with keep off k

25、eep out |keep one ' s promise keep up keep up with keep sb from doingkeep on doing keep order9. give: give away give out give off give upgive in give some advice on give a talk on sth give first aid10. come: come about come across come on come outcome to oneself come true come up11. bring: bring

26、 down bring in bring up bring along |12. break: break down break out break away frombreak up break into break off break in13. turn: turn down turn to sb turn into turn off turn in turn over turn against turn away turn onturn up turn out to14.lo ok: look out look up look down upon look afterlook at l

27、ook for look around look over look as iflook forward to doing sth look back upon look into look on15.do: do sb a favour do up do one' s hair do a good deed do wrong1.弄清词语自身结构用法学生做题时往往仅限于依据词语的中文含义，简单对照。这样就造成了许多中文正确，而英语结构上的错误。如 允许某人干某事” allow sb to do sth，而不可用做agree sb to do sth.同意干某事"说allow

28、doing sth.而 agree去卩应为 agree to do sth.再女口 ：希望某人去干某事 ” expect sb to do sth.不可说为 hopesbtodosth. 建议某人 去干某事"说advise sb to do.就不可说是suggest sb to do sth.这是根据动词自身的基本用法而决定的。这些更需要学 习中不断积累。下面是一些常用动词的不同结构用法：A. 以下动词与不定式连用即 afford to dosth .afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,claim,dare,decide,dema

29、nd,desire,determine,expect,failhappen,|help, hope,intend,learn,man-age,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,used,want,wish |B. 以下动词与动名词连用即 admit doing sth admit,advise, allow,appreciate,avoid,can' thelp,consider,delay,dreamof,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forbid,giveup,imagine,

30、insiston,keep,mind,miss, | order,persistin,practice,putoff,request,require,risk,stand,stop,suggest |C. 以下动词与不定式复合结构连用即advise sb to do |sth.advise,allow,ask,beg,callon,cause,consider,dependon,encourage,expect,find,force,get,hate,instruct,invite,like,|long for,need,oblige,permit,persuade,prefer,remind

31、,request,require,suppose,waitfor,warn,etc .l et,have,make,（使役动词后的不定式去掉 to）see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel（感官动词后的不定式去掉 to）常用动词短语1. have: have a coldcoughfeverheadachepain have a great effect onhave a good time have a matchmeetingdiscussion had better do sthhave no choice but to d

32、o sth have a rest have on2. make: make a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a face make an effort to dosth make a living make up one' s mind to do sth make a mistake make a noise make a speech make an apology makeit a rulemake it make into make out of make upmake o

33、f make from make a call |3. take: take a seat take a message for take an interest intake off take on （a new look） take over take steps to dotake some measures to do sth take care take charge take part intake place take the place of take turns to do sth take medicinetake upl4. go: go cold go hungry be gone go dad want a gogo skatingfishingshoppingswimming go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth go down go well go head go|outgo over go against go without go on a picnic go through5. get: get down to doing sth get hurtmarrieddressedcaughtget over get off get ready