会计学原理英文名词解释

1、精品文档会计学原理名词解释1. Accounting : is an information and measurement system that identifies records and communicates relevant reliable andcomparableinformationaboutan organizations businessactivities.(P2)2. Managerial accounting : is the area of accounting that serves the decision-marking needs of interna

2、l users.(P4)3. Events : refer to happenings that affect an entity saccounting equation and can be reliably measured.(P11)4.External user : of accounting information are not directly involved in running the organization.(P3)5. Internal user : of accounting information are those directly efficiency an

3、d effectiveness of an organization.(P4)6.Ethics : are beliefsthatdistinguishrightfrom wrong. Theyare accepted standards of good and bad behavior.(P5)7.Cost principle : means that accountinginformationis basedon actual cost.(P7)8.Revenue recognitionprinciple: providesguidance on when acompany must re

4、cognize revenue.(P7)9.Matching principle: prescribesthata company must recordsits expenses incurred togenerate therevenue reported.(P7)10.Going-concerningassumption :means thataccounting。1欢迎下载精品文档information reflectsa presumption that thebusinesswillcontinue operating instead of being closed or sold

5、.(P7)11.Audit : through review of an organizations accountingrecords and accountingreports and returnmake bytheanalysis.12. Net income : amount a business earns after paying all expenses and costs associated with its sales and revenues.(P15)13. Income statement : describes a companys revenues and ex

6、penses along with the resulting net income or loss overa period time due to earnings activities.(P14)14. Statement of owner s equity : explains changes in equity from net income (or loss) and from any owner investments andwithdrawals over a period of time.(P14)15.Balance sheet : describesa companys

7、financialposition(types and amounts of assets liabilities and equity) at apoint in time.(P15)16.Statementofcashflows :identifiescashinflows(receipts) and cash outflows (payments) over a period oftime.(P15)17.Owners withdrawals account: the account used to recordthe transfersof assets from a business

8、to itsowner. (P31)。2欢迎下载精品文档18.Liabilities: iswhat a company owesits no owners(creditors)in futurepayments, products, orservices.(P10)19.Accounting equation: Assets=Liabilities + Equity.(P10)20. Accrued expense : refer to costs that are incurred in aperiod but are both unpaid and unrecorded.(P66)21.

9、Operating cycle : is the time span from when cash is used to acquire goods and services until cash is received fromthe sale of goods and services. (P96)22. Shareholders (investors) : are the owners of acorporation. (P3)23.Current radio : a ratio used to help evaluate a companysability to pay its deb

10、ts in the near future.24. Merchandise inventory : refers to products that a company owns and intends to sell.(P113)25. Cash discount : reduction in a receivable or payable ifit is paid within the discount period. sellers can grant a cash discount to discourage buyers to pay earlier(P137)26. Gross pr

11、ofit : also called Gross margin, which equals netsales cost of goods sold.(P137)27.Credit period : the amount of time allowed before full payment is due.(P137)28.Acid-testratio:a ratioused toassetsa companys。3欢迎下载精品文档ability to pay its current liabilities; defined by current liabilities.29. Selling

12、expense: include the expenses of promoting sales by displaying and advertising merchandise, making sales,and delivering goods to customers.(P124)30.Generaland administrativeexpense: supporta companysoveralloperationsandincludeexpensesrelatedtoaccounting,human resource management,and financialmanagem

13、ent.(P124)31.Timeperiod assumption :presumes thatthelife ofacompanycan be dividedintotime periods, such as months andyears, and that useful reports can be prepared for thoseperiods.(P7)32.Account receivable: are held by a seller and decreasedby customers to sellers.(P29)33. Prepaid account (also cal

14、led prepaid expenses) : are assets that represent prepayments of future expenses (not current expenses). (P29)34. Unearned revenue : refers to a liability that is settledinthefuturewhen a company deliversitsproductsorservices.(P30)35.Accrued liabilities: is the companys debt owed. For。4欢迎下载精品文档examp

15、le, salariespayable,taxes payable, andinterestpayable and so on.(P31)36.Purchase discount : purchaser s description of a cashdiscount received from a supplier of goods.(P137)37.Sales discount: seller s description of a cash discountgranted to buyers in return for early payment.(P137)38.Trade discoun

16、t: reductionbelow list or catalogprice hatis negotiated in setting the price of goods.(P137)39. FOBshipping point (FOB factory) : meansthe buyer accepts ownership when the goods depart the seller s place of business.(P117)40.FOB destination: means ownership of goods transfers tothe buyer when the go

17、ods arrive at the buyers place ofbusiness. (P117)41.Credit terms: for a purchase include the amounts andtiming of payments from a buy to a seller.(P114)42.Current assets: are cash and other resources that areexpected to be sold, collect, or used withinone year or thecompanys operating cycle, whichev

18、er is longer.(P97)43.Plant assets: refers to long-term tangible assets usedto produce and sell products and services.(P98)44.Long-term investment : notes receivable and investments。5欢迎下载精品文档instocksand bonds arelong-termassetswhen theyareexpected to be held for more than the longer of one year orthe operating cycle.(P98)45.Intangibleassets : are long-termresourcesthatbenefitbusiness operations, usually lack physical form, and haveuncertai