在前三个单元我们讲解了动词的过去分词作

1、InversionUnit 4 Grammar在前在前三个单元我们讲解了动个单元我们讲解了动词的过去分词作词的过去分词作定语和表语定语和表语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语本单元我们将学习一个新的本单元我们将学习一个新的语法点语法点 倒装倒装 (Inversion)1. Near the church was a ruined cottage.2. Little did he know that the police were about to arrest him.3. Under no circumstance can we give up the plan.翻译下列句子并注意句中标红处。翻译

2、下列句子并注意句中标红处。教堂附近有一间破旧的小屋。教堂附近有一间破旧的小屋。他一点也不知道他一点也不知道, 警察就要逮捕他了。警察就要逮捕他了。无论什么情况下我们都不要放弃计划。无论什么情况下我们都不要放弃计划。4. Had I realized what you intended I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.5. So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.如果我了解你的意图，我就不会浪费如果我了解你的意图，我就不会浪费时间向你解释了

3、。时间向你解释了。那记号很小，我几乎看不到。那记号很小，我几乎看不到。英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前, 谓语谓语在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前, 就叫就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前前, 叫叫全部倒装全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装部分倒装。什么是倒装呢什么是倒装呢?There are many students in the classroom.主语位于谓语主语位于谓语are 之后之后原句自然顺序是：原句自然顺序是：Many studen

4、ts are there in the classroom.全部倒装全部倒装1. 用于用于 there be 句型。句型。2. 用于用于“here (there, now, then) + 不及不及物动词物动词 + 主语的句型中主语的句型中, 或以或以out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里等副词开头的句子里面面,表示强调。表示强调。 a. Here comes the bus. b. There goes the bell. c. Now comes our turn. d. Out went the children. 注意：注意：代词作主语时代词作主语时, 主谓

5、语序不变。主谓语序不变。Here it is. In he comes.3. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常引起全部倒装。也常引起全部倒装。To the south of the city lies a big steel factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.Under the tree stands a little boy.划线的均是表示地点状语划线的均是表示地点状语, 位于句首。位于句首。4. 表语置于句首时表语置于句首时, 倒装结构采用倒装结构采用“表语连系动词主语表语连系动词主语”的

6、结构的结构 (1)形容词连系动词主语形容词连系动词主语 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.(2) 过去分词连系动词主语过去分词连系动词主语Gone are the days when they could dowhat they liked.(3) 介词连系动词主语介词连系动词主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.5. 为了保持句子结构平衡或为了强调表为了保持句子结构平衡

7、或为了强调表语或状语语或状语, 或是为了使上下文结构紧凑。或是为了使上下文结构紧凑。 They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.强调状语强调状语Inside the pyramids are the burial roomsfor the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.保持句子结构平衡保持句子结构平衡1. 用于疑问句。用于疑问句。 Do you speak English?由由 If you had reviewed your lessons

8、 这样一个虚拟条件分句变过来的。这样一个虚拟条件分句变过来的。2. 用于省略用于省略if 的虚拟条件句。的虚拟条件句。 Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.部分倒装部分倒装3. 用于用于No sooner than , Hardly when 和和 not until 的句型中。的句型中。 No sooner had she gone out than the class began. Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

9、4. 用于用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, at no time, not only 等否定词开等否定词开头的句子里。头的句子里。 Never shall I do this again. At no time can you say “no” to the order. Seldom does he eat breakfast.5. 用于用于only开头的句子开头的句子(only位于句首位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句)。 Only in this way can you lean English wel

10、l. Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.6. 用于用于 so, nor, neither 开头的句子开头的句子, 表表示重复的内容。此句谓语应与前句谓示重复的内容。此句谓语应与前句谓语结构一致。语结构一致。 He has been to Beijing. So have I. My son is a student. So was I thirty years ago.7. 在在 so / such that 的结构中的结构中, 若若so / such置于句首置于句首, 则句子部分倒装。则句子部分倒装。 So d

11、ifficult a problem is it that I cant work it out. Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.8. 用于某些祝愿语中。用于某些祝愿语中。 May you succeed. May you have the best season ever.倒装句中主谓何时不倒装倒装句中主谓何时不倒装在需要倒装的种种句型中，在需要倒装的种种句型中，有时主语和谓语并不需倒装，有时主语和谓语并不需倒装，大致可归纳如下几种：大致可归纳如下几种：1. 疑问句中疑问句中, 如果疑问词作主语或如果疑问词作主语或

12、主语的修饰语主语的修饰语, 主谓不倒装。主谓不倒装。What happened to her？她出了什么事？她出了什么事？How many people are working in that laboratory？有多少人在那间实验室里工作？有多少人在那间实验室里工作？ 2. 在以在以in, out, back, up, down, off, away, here, there等副词开头的句子中等副词开头的句子中,如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词, 主谓不倒装。主谓不倒装。 Away he went to the station. 他到车站去了。他到车站去了。 Here she come

13、s. 她来了。她来了。 3. 如果置于句首的由如果置于句首的由only引导的词组不引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。 Only the teachers are allowed to use this room. 只有教师可以使用这个房间。只有教师可以使用这个房间。 Only some of the children like English. 只有一些孩子喜欢英语。只有一些孩子喜欢英语。 4. 如果置于句首的如果置于句首的 not onlybut also仅连接作主语的两个并列词组，仅连接作主语的两个并列词组，则主语和谓语不倒装。则主语和谓语不倒装。

14、 Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law. 新法律不仅对男人，而且对妇女和儿新法律不仅对男人，而且对妇女和儿 童也有影响。童也有影响。 5. 把副词性替代词把副词性替代词so提前提前, 如果两句的如果两句的主语相同主语相同, 且后者只是进一步肯定或强且后者只是进一步肯定或强调前者调前者, so后面的语序不倒装。后面的语序不倒装。Its raining. 下雨了。下雨了。So it is. 是下雨了。是下雨了。Bob didnt know about it.So he didnt.鲍勃不知道这件事。

15、鲍勃不知道这件事。他确实不知道。他确实不知道。 6.以以 so开头的句型开头的句型, 如果是如果是so it is (was) with+另一主语另一主语, 此时主语和此时主语和谓语不倒装。如：谓语不倒装。如： Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels. 马克思出生在德国马克思出生在德国, 德语是他的母德语是他的母语语, 恩格斯也是如此。恩格斯也是如此。 1. -Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -I dont kno

16、w, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also单选单选2. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realized D. didnt the villagers realized 3. Only in this wa

17、y _ do it well. A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can4. Hardly _ when it began to rain. A. had he arrived B. arrived he C. he had arrived D. did he arrive 5. Only when class began _ that he had left his book at home. A. will realize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize6. Not

18、 a single mistake _ in the dictation yesterday. A. did he make B. made by him C. he made D. he had made 7. No sooner _ his talk than he _ by the workers. A. he finished; surrounded all B. did he finish; did surround C. had he finished; was surrounded D. after he finished; was surrounded near 8. Litt

19、le _ know about verbs, Franz _ his head. A. did he; dare not lift B. he; dare not lift C. did he; dare not to lift D. doesnt; doesnt dare lift 9. Not only _ a promise, but also kept it. A. had he made B. he had made C. did he make D. he makes10. I finally got the job. Never in all my life _ so happy

20、. A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt 11. In no country _ Britain, it has been said, _ experience four seasons in the course of a single day. A. other than; one can B. other than; can one C. rather than; one can D. rather than; can one12. _ a mobile phone can you ring _ you want to talk with anywhere. A. Using; whoever B. Only on; w