第一学期经贸英语期末试卷A

1、 姓名 班级 学号 装订线铜 陵 学 院2014-2015学年第一学期经贸英语考查试卷（A卷）（适用班级：公选课）题号总分得分得分Translate the following English terms into Chinese and Chinese terms into English.(10 points, 1 points for each item)1.人均国内生产值 2.最惠国待遇 3.Mercantilist assumption 4.电子商务 5.反倾销税 6. Balance sheet 7.Junk bonds 8.共同农业政策 9.外国直接投资 10.社会保障 得分 R

2、ead the following passages and then choose the best answer to each question. (75 points, 2.5 points for each item)Passage1NEW TASTE FOR SPENDINGSouth Korean workers have lots more money in their wallets after three years of double-digit wage increases. Now they are starting to spend it. From the bil

3、lion-dollar Lotton World entertainment complex in Seoul to crowded car showrooms in cities and jammed parking lots at resort hotels, consumer businesses are surging.The boom in consumer spending is buoying the economy in what has been a relatively sluggish year. First half GNP grew only 6.5%, the sl

4、owest first-half growth since 1981. “The growth was led by private consumption, which was up almost 10%”says Assistant Trade and Industry Minister Kim Chul Soo. Exports so far have been flat.While exporters are moaning, manufacturers can barely keep pace with the domestic demand. Sales of consumer d

5、urables, such as refrigerators, air conditioners and video tape recorder have all been extremely strong.A drive through the increasingly clogged streets of Seoul brings home the strength of the consumer boom. Cars are backordered for months from South Koreas carmakers, who are struggling to keep up

6、with domestic demand for the latest status symbol: “My car”. More than half a million new cars are expected to be rolling along South Koreas crowded roads this year, with gross domestic vehicle sales up an estimated 60%.Sales of imported cars are also growing quickly, though from a tiny base. The Ko

7、rea Automobiles Association forecasts sales of almost 1,500 foreign cars this year. Since about one-third of those cars are BMWs and Mercedes-Benzes, which set the South Korean buyer back about US$100 000 each after tariffs and taxes are paid, the locals penchant to flaunt their new wealth is even m

8、ore apparent.Overall, consumer-goods imports grew by one-third during the first half while capital-goods imports were up only 15%.The governments liberalization program has been so successful in cutting the trade surplus that officials have begun suggesting to the local press that they will begin sl

9、owing down imports of non-essential items, such as consumer goods, The National Importers Association has asked its agents to take part in this campaign.South Koreans are also starting to take their holidays seriously. Two years ago it was heretical for employees to take more than a few days annual

10、leave. Now they are using their full week of, in some cases, two weeks.Newspapers and opinion makers continue to decry extravagant consumption. But their appeals to Confucian frugality seem to be losing their punch. Government officials are worried that South Koreans are embracing the consumer cultu

11、re with a bit too much gusto “If (consumer spending) accounts for our 7% growth, then the economy is headed for serious trouble,” says Koo Bohn Yohn Young, a presidential economic adviser, who worries about flat exports and weak capital investment.Longer term, of course, Koo is correct. This year, h

12、owever, higher consumer spending is a needed spur for a sluggishby South Korean standards-economy. The Korea Development Institute (KDI) cut its growth estimates twice in 10 days during August and now reckons the GNP will grow 7.4% for the year. The institute says consumption expenditures will rise

13、9.5%. The slower growth these years is good news for Seouls anti-inflation efforts. KDI expects consumer prices, which rose 7.1% last year, to increase a more moderate 6% this year. The government also shows signs of easing its restrictive monetary policy. Interest rates have edged down in recent we

14、eks.By Mark ClifffordFAR EASTERN ECONOMIC REVIEW/ SEPTEMBER 14, 1989Glossary:Penchant: a strong attraction.Flaunt: attract notice to oneself in a satisfied way.Heretical: contrary to dominant belief.Decry: find fault with.Gusto: zest, eagernessLotto: a game played for moneyComplex: a building consis

15、ting of many closely related parts.Punch: effective powerFrugality: with no waste11. The South Korean officials stance in the current private consumption boom is that A) Higher consumer spending is necessary this year to stimulate the relatively sluggish economy.B) Spending spree has been going too

16、far it should be restricted.C) In order not to impair the international balance of payments, the government should impose import restrictions.D) It is appropriate now to introduce retrenchment program to curb consumer demand.12. The article indicates that domestic car sales are rising sharply in Sou

17、th Korea because A) People have more money to spend than a few years ago.B) Foreign cars are making fast inroads on Korean domestic markets, forcing domestic carmakers to cut down prices.C) South Koreans believe that an inflation is pending and storing a car is an ideal way to hedge price increase.D

18、) South Koreans have more holidays than before.13. According to KIDs forecasts, Koreas growth in 1989 is A) slowing down. B) uncertain. C) extremely strong. D) flat.14. The article means to imply that A) South Korea is shifting from an export-oriented economy to a domestic demand-pull economy.B) Seo

19、uls economic liberalization program in the past three years has been so successful that it has stimulated domestic demand.C) Fast increase in consumer spending has caused serious trouble to the economy.D) South Korea cannot maintain its economic growth if the present extravagant consumption continue

20、s.15. According to the article, which of the following facts is true? A) Home-made cars are in short supply B) Most of the South Koreans cannot afford to buy luxurious imported cars.C) Home-made cars are withdrawn from the market.D) Most of the South Koreans believe that homemade cars are of better

21、quality.16. Contrary to the new taste for spending in South Korea is A) the locals penchant to flaunt their new wealth.B) tightening of the governments belt.C) consumers preference to longer holidays.D) Confucian frugality.17. According to Mark Clifford, A) high spending is always good for South Kor

22、eas economy.B) high consumer spending may cause woes in South Koreas economy in the future.C) higher spending will boost consumer culture the world over.D) newspapers and opinion makers are in favor of high spending.18. A drive through the increasingly clogged streets of Seoul brings home the streng

23、th of the consumer boom. The underlined part means A) brings one to his home . B) highlights the effect.C) generalizes the benefits. D) convinces one of the impact.19. South Koreans appeals to Confucian frugality seem to be losing their punch. The word punch means A) effective force. B) weight C) be

24、at D) trend.20. South Koreans are embracing the consumer culture with a bit too much gusto. The sentence implies that the South Koreans are A) giving a big hug to extravagant consumption with little affection.B) developing the consumer culture with a bit too much fun.C) enriching the consumer cultur

25、e with painstaking endeavors.D) accepting the consumer culture with a bit too much enjoyment. Passage2PESSMISM WANES AS ECONOMY PICKS UPA mood of economic optimism has started to filter through Europe.The new optimism contrasts sharply with the deep gloom that burdened the continent years ago, when

26、American magazine Newsweek headlined a major story: “The decline of Europe, economic stagnation and political malaise darken the future of a once proud and powerful continent.” Many observers referred to “Europessimism.”Now Mische Develle, chief economist at Banqaue Paribas here, speaks of “Eurodyna

27、mism.”J. Paul Horne, economist for Smith Barney, Harris Upham 8 Co., here says, “Europes not so bad off.” The optimism is not just the result of increased economic activity - though that is a factor. There is also a feeling here that Europe has been gradually taking its more basic economic problem,

28、and that results are starting to surface.Much of the fashionable economic policies of the 1970s have been reversed. Then many of Europes leaders were promoting a mass consumption society, enlarging the welfare state, stimulating economic growth even if it meant more inflation, and installing more bu

29、siness and social regulation. They were advocating or enacting the indexation of wages against inflation. Today these moves are regarded as elements of European weakness. France and Italy for example, have limited indexation. There are moves toward more labor and wage flexibility in most European na

30、tions. Politicians, even in socialist France, openly say that business needs more profits - a bigger share of the economic pie -in order that it can invest in job creating ventures. Nearly all European Governments have moved to restrain inflation -with major success - at the price of high unemployme

31、nt.Further, most European government have taken steps to either shrink their own size or at least half the growth in the portion of the output of goods and services absorbed by the state.Stock market investors say, brokerage house economist Paul Horne, have already recognized the change for the bett

32、er in Europe- a more than $3 trillion market. Stock prices have soared to record highs in recent weeks in Paris, Frankfurt, and Zurich. Shares in London are well above their level of a year ago.Corporations are recording handsome increases in earnings. They are spending some of that money on modern

33、equipment and, to lesser degree, on expansion of capacity.Although Mr. Horne does not claim that Western Europe can overtake American and Japanese competitiveness, research, or dynamism, he notes that “numerous European governments are making progress in dealing with problems long considered virtual

34、ly hopeless and which seemed to condemn Europe to a dismal failure”Mr. Develle agrees. As evidence of European revival, he notes the upward thrust of capital spending and relatively modest increase in labor costs in the European Community (EC).“Restructuring of the ECs old industries is not complete

35、, but substantial progress has been made over the past 10 years.” He says. The European steel industry has shrunk dramatically both in capacity and in the size of its work force; some steel companies even had profits last year. Capacity also has been sharply trimmed in textile, shipbuilding, and oil

36、 refining.Employment in more competitive industries has begun to grow, adds Horne. There has been a surge in the formation of new companies in Britain, West Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark. But job creation has been far slower here than in the U.S., Economists say, Europes job count today is n

37、o higher than in 1970s. The U.S. economy has added 30 million jobs.Central banks in Europe have moved, almost as a unit, to curtail the growth of money and thus inflation. By one broad measure of money, known as M3, money growth has slowed in Western Europe from 2.5% in 1982 to 0.5% at the end of th

38、e last year. Inflation, running at a 10.6percent annual rate in Europe during the decade 1971 to 1981, was climbing at a 4.2 percent rate in the last six months. The governments of West Germany, France, Britain, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands Spain and Sweden have moved toward greater fi

39、scal restraint. The average government deficit in the EC declined from 5.6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1982 to 5.4 percent last year.Such changes reflect the political shifts in Europe. Margaret Thatchers Conservative Party has been in power since 1979. In Belgium, Denmark, the Nether

40、lands, center-right coalitions took over in the years 1980-1982. Chancellor Helmut Kohls conservative liberal coalition accentuated the rightward shift with his election in March 1983.Even the leaders of leftwing governments in France, Greece, Spain, and Italy have moved to conservative economic pol

41、icies. “There are changes for the better in Europe, ” concludes Mr. Horne, a free market enthusiast.“Although the millennium is not here yet and much structural rigidity remain to impede free markets, efforts are being made. The political will for positive change by most European governments is stro

42、ng and their policies are pointing in the right direction.”21. According to the article A. economic situation in Europe is soothing Newsweeks forecast.B. economic situation in Europe is defying Newsweeks forecast.C. Newsweek economists dont like to see a proud and powerful Europe. D. Newsweek is try

43、ing to deny the better economic prospect in Europe. 22. In the 1970s, many European countries A. tried to fight inflation by wage cuts.B. took deflationary policies. C. tried to relate their economies.D. allowed more welfare in order to check inflation.23. The French government A. consists mainly of

44、 Christian democrats.B. is working out more and more business and social regulations.C. is allowing its economy to become freer than before.D. is trying to create new jobs through inflationary policy.24. According to the article A. most European countries have been trying to reduce the total output

45、of goods and services of their economies.B. Western Europe is going private.C. economic growth in most European countries has either slowed or stopped. D. there is more government intervention in the economic activities in Europe. 25. According to the article A. investors see a better investment cli

46、mate.B. investors complain strongly about high stock prices in the major European stock markets. C. investors are holding back on investment because stock prices have soared.D. Now London has a bigger share than a year in its weight of stock trading in the European stock markets.26. In Europe, A. ol

47、d industries are being rationalized B. steel industry has increased its production these years.C. shipbuilding is having a hard time because of the unhealthy steel industry.D. old industries have made substantial progress in their expansion.27. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Now Ameri

48、ca has a larger labor force than the whole of Europe. B. America has 30 million more employed than Europe.C. Now unemployment has been better controlled because of successful check of inflation.D. The impact of economic expansion is being felt slowly in the labor market. 28. Central banks in Europe

49、A. are less stringent in their money supply than they did in the 1970s.B. are more cautious with money supply than they were in the 1970s.C. have replaced their old money with M2.D. have been quite successful with their fiscal policy. 29.Recent political shifts in Europe A. are the result of America

50、n pressure B. are only possible because of the better economic situation C. are pointing to the trend of even freer markets.D. mean that these governments would have more control over business in order to have a smoother growth.30. Mr. Horne A. is rather critical of the French economic policy.B. is

51、rather doubtful about the future of the Continent.C. speaks highly of the 1970seconomic policies in Europe.D. hopes that more efforts will be made to eliminate business regulations.Passage ThreeOne phase of business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is two-fold, comprising recovery and prospe

52、rity. During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities, and new facilities for production are created. More businesses are created and older ones expanded. Improvements of various kinds are made. There is an ever-increasing optimism about the future of economic growt

53、h. Many materials are required. As one part of the economy develops, other parts are affected. For example, a great expansion in automobile production results in an expansion of the steel, glass, and rubber production. More roads are also required, hence stimulating paving and machinery industries.

54、Demand for labor and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw materials, including farmers. This increases purchasing power and the volume of goods bought and sold. Thus prosperity is diffused among various of the population. This prosperity period may continue to ris

55、e without an apparent end. However, a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiraling upwards. This the end of the expansion phase.31. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? .A. The Labor Force and Raw Materials.B. The Recovery and Prosperity Stage.C. An Expandi

56、ng Society.D. The Period of Good Times.32. Prosperity in one branch of industry . .A. reflects itself in many other branchesB. affects the steel industryC. will end abruptlyD. will help all portions of society except the farmers33. Which of the following will probably be a good indicator of a period

57、 of expansion? A. Demand for more toys.B. Expansion in machine tools industry.C. Population growth.D. Decline in farming.34.During the period of prosperity, people regard the future .A. cautiously B. practically C. confidently D. doubtfully35.The word “ ones” in line 4 refers to .A. facilities B. factories C. improvements D. businesses Passage 4Corporation Income TaxBusiness Corporation, like individuals, must pay taxes on th