高中语法之名词2

1、语法复习之名词 名词的定义：名词是用来表示人，事名词的定义：名词是用来表示人，事物，地点，现象及其他抽象概念等名物，地点，现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。名词在句中可以作主语，表称的词。名词在句中可以作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语，语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语，同位语和呼吁等。同位语和呼吁等。 考点：名词的数（主谓一致），名词考点：名词的数（主谓一致），名词的所有格，名词辨义的所有格，名词辨义专有名词专有名词(Proper Nouns)(Proper Nouns)普通名词普通名词(Common Nouns)个体名词个体名词(Individual Nouns)集体名词集体名词(Co

2、llective Nouns)物质名词物质名词(Material Nouns)抽象名词抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)不可数名词不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)可数名词可数名词(Countable Nouns)Proper Nouns:Proper Nouns:指人名、地名及某些人和指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称事物专有的名称EgEg: Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New : Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Years DayYears Day注意：注意：专

3、有名词的第一个字母要大写专有名词的第一个字母要大写I.可数名词的复数变法可数名词的复数变法情况情况加法加法例词例词一般情况一般情况以以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词结尾的词以辅音以辅音y结尾的词结尾的词以辅音以辅音+o 结尾的词结尾的词以以f或或fe结尾的词结尾的词加加-s加加-es去去y加加-ies多数加多数加-es 把把f/fe改成改成vesbrothers;schoolsbuses; watches; dishesladies; countriesheroes; tomatoeshalves; leaves不规则名词单复数变化不规则名词单复数变化: :（1）单复数同形单复数同形:sheep

4、, deer, fish, means, species, sheep, deer, fish, means, species, works( works(工厂工厂), spacecraft, ), spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss Chinese, Japanese, Swiss （2）改变字母改变字母：man -mman -me en, woman -womn, woman -wome en, n, policeman -policem policeman -policeme en, n, saleswoman -saleswom saleswoma

5、n -saleswome en, n, foot -f foot -feeeet, tooth -tt, tooth -teeeeth, th, goose -g goose -geeeese, mouse -mse, mouse -mic ice ,e ,（3）增加字母增加字母: child -childchild -childrenren, ox -ox, ox -oxenen（4）以以o结尾的词结尾的词： 加加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, photo, radio, piano, zoo, bamboo, tobacco studio,bamboo, toba

6、cco studio, 加加es: tomato, potato, herotomato, potato, hero 另另：zerozero （zerozeros s或或 zerozeroeses） （5）以以f或或fe结尾的词结尾的词: 直接加直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf,roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf, 变变f为为v再加再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf, life, wife, knife, half, leaf, wolf, thief wolf, thief 另外另外：h

7、andkerchiefhandkerchief （handkerchiefhandkerchiefs s或或handkerchiehandkerchievesves） (6) (6) 合成名词的复数形式：合成名词的复数形式： 将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数：将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数： looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(slooker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law)-in-law将最后一部分变为复数：将最后一部分变为复数： grown-up(s), go-between(sgrown-up(s), go-be

8、tween(s) ) ( (中间人），中间人）， 含含boy, girl, ladyboy, girl, lady等的合成的名词：等的合成的名词： 它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。 如：如： boy students, girl friends, lady driversboy students, girl friends, lady drivers 含含manman或或 womanwoman的合成名词：的合成名词： 它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如： a man doctor, two men doct

9、orsa man doctor, two men doctors B有些名词单复数形式含义特别有些名词单复数形式含义特别常见常见woods workswoods works waters clothes waters clothes customs manners customs manners sands sands goodsgoods feelings surroundings feelings surroundings papers papers lookslooks games arms games arms times times（森林森林)（工厂工厂, 著作著作 ）(水域水域)(

10、衣服衣服)(海关海关)(礼貌礼貌)(沙滩沙滩)(感情感情)(货物货物)(报纸报纸,文件文件,)(环境环境)(运动会运动会)(时代时代)(外表外表)(武器武器)常见的不可数名词常见的不可数名词progress advice fun information progress advice fun information furniture work baggage furniture work baggage luggage news jewelry luggage news jewelry weather paper (weather paper (纸张纸张) equipment ) equip

11、ment knowledge homework houseworkknowledge homework housework名词单复数的特殊情况名词单复数的特殊情况: :(1)(1)集体名词只用作复数集体名词只用作复数： police , cattle , people ,police , cattle , people ,(2) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数集体名词视具体情况而定单复数： family, class, staff, crew, group, team, party, family, class, staff, crew, group, team, party, club, co

12、mpany, government, committee, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy , populationaudience, enemy , population(3) 只有复数形式的名词只有复数形式的名词: clothes, trousers, jeans, glasses, compasses, clothes, trousers, jeans, glasses, compasses, scissors, tears, troops, resourcesscissors, tears, troops, r

13、esources(5) 以以s s结尾但不表示复数结尾但不表示复数: mathematics, physics, politics, news, mathematics, physics, politics, news, (6) 有没有有没有s s结尾意义不同结尾意义不同： glass glass glasses, cloth glasses, cloth clothes, work clothes, work works, works, water water waters, wood waters, wood woods, goodwoods, goodgoods, goods, time

14、 time times(times(时代时代), paper ), paper papers(papers(论文论文), ), green green greens(greens(青菜青菜), custom ), custom customs(customs(海关海关), ), light light lights(lights(灯灯), experience ), experience experiences(experiences(经历经历), ), arm arm arms(arms(武器武器), iron ), iron irons(irons(熨斗熨斗), ), compass(co

15、mpass(指南针指南针) ) compasses(compasses(圆规圆规), ), (7) 姓氏后加姓氏后加s s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩: : the Greens the Greens ；the Chengsthe Chengs( (8)8) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：make faces / make faces / a facea face（做鬼脸）（做鬼脸）have talks / have talks / a talka talk with sb. with sb. ( (与某人交谈）与某人交谈）play jok

16、es / a joke on play jokes / a joke on （拿（拿开玩笑）开玩笑）make contributions / make contributions / a contributiona contribution to to （为（为做贡献）做贡献）(9)(9)名词单复数意义不同的短语：名词单复数意义不同的短语：have have a worda word with sb. with sb. （与（与某人说句话）某人说句话）have words with sb.have words with sb. （与（与某人吵架）某人吵架）一一: :ss型用法（有生命的所有格）

17、型用法（有生命的所有格） 有生命的所有格有生命的所有格 李平的自行车李平的自行车 汤姆的作品汤姆的作品 Tom and Marys father Tom and Marys father Toms and Marys fathers Toms and Marys fathers 2.2.表某人家，店铺名称，常表某人家，店铺名称，常省去省去所有格后的所有格后的名名词词 At Greens , at my unclesAt Greens , at my uncles At the tailorsAt the tailorsLi pings bikeLi pings bike Toms worksT

18、oms works共有共有各有各有表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家，天体等家，天体等todays newspapertodays newspaperten minutes walkten minutes walkthe stations waiting roomthe stations waiting roomChinas industryChinas industry the earths population the earths population 4.somebody,someone,who+else 4.somebody,someone,who+els

19、e 所有格所有格加在加在else else 后后 如果这字典不是你的，会是谁的？如果这字典不是你的，会是谁的？ If this dictionary isnt yours, If this dictionary isnt yours, whowho elseselses can it be? can it be?二二：of of 型型.Of .Of 型（无生命名词所有格）型（无生命名词所有格）我们学校的学生我们学校的学生房间的窗户房间的窗户the students of our schoolthe students of our schoolthe window of the roomthe

20、window of the room2.2.双重属格双重属格： 既有既有s s的属格，又有的属格，又有ofof的属格。通常的属格。通常s s属格属格表示所有关系，表示所有关系，ofof属格表示部分与整体的关系。如属格表示部分与整体的关系。如: :a friend a friend of of my fathers; a book of Tomsmy fathers; a book of Toms3.3.表示表示“某人自己的某人自己的”的属格的属格: : 用用of ones ownof ones own表示，不可用表示，不可用ofof反身代词。反身代词。 例如：例如：This is the ho

21、use This is the house of my ownof my own. .名词的格名词的格 所有格的形式：所有格的形式： 一般的名词所有格在后面加一般的名词所有格在后面加 s s，如：，如： Marys bookMarys book 以以 s s 结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加 ，如：如： Teachers Day, the students reading-Teachers Day, the students reading-roomroom 以以 s s 结尾的单数名词所有格，如：结尾的单数名词所有格，如： my boss/bosss comput

22、ermy boss/bosss computer 起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不加通常不加s s room number room number coffee cupcoffee cup shoe factoryshoe factory apple treeapple tree1. _ turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves2. He dropped the _ and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup fo

23、r coffee D. coffee cup3. I need _ cloth, for Im going to make _ clothes. A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lot历年高考试题历年高考试题4. He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works5. Many countries are increasing the

24、ir use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _. A. energy B. source C. power D. material 6. Youll find this map of great _ in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness7. - Who did you spend last weekend with? - _ . A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palm

25、ers8. My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A. way B. method C. approach D. fashion9. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _ of courage and power. A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol 10. We volunteered to collect money to help the _ of the earthquake. A. victims B

26、. folks C. fellows D. villagers11. If you dont take away all your things from the desk, there wont be enough _ for my stationery. A. area B. place C. room D. surface12. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _ . A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. resul

27、ts13. In the botanic garden we can find a(n) _ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A. species B. group C. amount D. variety14. - Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree? - No, its out of _ .A. range B. reach C. control D. distance15. The life of London is made up of many di

28、fferent _ . A. elements B. sections C. material D. realities16. For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _ . A. weather B. temperature C. season D. climate17. To regain their _ after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass. A. force B. energy C. power D. health18. I saw Bob play the piano at Johns party and on that _ he was simply brilliant. A. scene B. circumstance C. occasion D. situation19. It cant be a(n) _ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. A. coincidenc