外研版八下M4U3课件

1、Unit 3 Language in use To summarise and consolidate the use of the present perfect tense together with since and for To be able to understand learning materials on health To be able to carry out a survey on healthy living with the help of othersTeaching aimsSam got sick two days ago. Sam has been si

2、ck for two days. Shelley （谢莉）（谢莉）got her drivers license (执照执照) in 1999. Shelley has had her drivers license since(自从自从) 1999. Arnold(阿诺德）阿诺德）started to play tennis in January. Arnold has played tennis since January. Mike moved to Hawaii in 1996. Mike has lived in Hawaii for about 19 years. Read the

3、 following sentences.I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

4、 I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since +点点时间时间”或或“for +段时间段时间”连用。连用。for表示表示“经经过过(一段时间一段时间)”，而，而since表示表示“自从自从(以以来来)”。 常见结构如下：常见结构如下：现在完成时现在完成时- since 和和 for 的用法的用法for +表示一段时间的状语表示一段时间的状语 一段时间一段时间+ agosince + 表示过去的某一时间点表

5、示过去的某一时间点 从句从句来看几个例句吧：来看几个例句吧：He has lived here for 16 years. 他住在这里有十六年了。他住在这里有十六年了。He has lived here since 16 years ago. 他从十六年前起就住在这里了。他从十六年前起就住在这里了。He has lived here since 1991. 他从他从1991年起就住在这里了。年起就住在这里了。He has lived here since he was born. 他从出生起就住在这里。他从出生起就住在这里。在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问

6、时，我们常用们常用how long.How long have you played basketball?How long have you been collecting shells?- How long has Mary been a teacher?- Since two years ago. 介词介词 for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since 作作为介词，接一个时间名词，作为连词，引导为介词，接一个时间名词，作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动从句动词

7、一般是短暂性动词词)，since 表示表示“自自以来以来”，指某个动作，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与因此，与 for 或或 since 引出的时间状语引出的时间状语连用的连用的句子句子(或主语或主语)谓语动词必须是谓语动词必须是持续性的持续性的。 英语中有些动词的意义不能持续，表示的是英语中有些动词的意义不能持续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非持续一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非持续性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如 come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, s

8、tart, arrive, become, die, buy, borrow, close, join, reach, fall, get up 等。等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语能与表示动作延续的时间状语 for 或或 since 短短语连用。如：语连用。如： 正正: He has come back. 他已回来。他已回来。 误误: He has come back for three days. 若要表示若要表示“他回来已三天了他回来已三天了”这样的意思，这样的意思，可以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，可

9、以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为：或改用别的句型等，如译为： He has been back for three days. (改变谓语改变谓语动词动词) He has been back since three days ago. (改变改变谓语动词谓语动词) He came back three days ago. (改变时间状改变时间状语及动词时态语及动词时态) Its three days since he came back. (改变句改变句型型) come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy

10、, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：或一般过去时。如：Kitty has left Beijing for two days.Kitty left Beijing two days ago.Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days.Kitty has bought her purse since last year.Kitty bought

11、 her purse a year ago.Kitty has had her purse for a year. 在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。或状态动词。 初中英语中常见的有：初中英语中常见的有： 短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词go, leave, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get(得到得到)be away (off), be out of be here , be in +某地某地be in, be a (a

12、n) + n.have短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词fall ill (asleep)finish, endbegin , startbegin to learn (work, read, rain)go outget upborrowget to knowdielosebe ill (asleep)be overbe onlearn, work , read, rainbe outbe upkeepknow be deadbe lost 非持续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中非持续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与不能与for 或或 since引出的短语引出的短语(或句子或句子)连

13、用，连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：以延续的。如： I havent seen him for a long time. 我很久没见到他了。我很久没见到他了。 He hasnt come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了。他有段时间没来了。 I havent heard from her since she left. 自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。 真题链接真题链接( ) 1. Excus

14、e me, where is Mr. Browns office?Sorry, I dont know. I_ here for only a few days. (2011河南省河南省) A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will workC( ) 2. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011天津天津) Asees B. can see C. will see D. has seenD( ) 3. I many new friends since I

15、came here. ( 2011贵州毕节贵州毕节) A. make B. made C. will make D. have madeD( ) 4. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980. (2011北京北京) A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will writeC( ) 5. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. (2012北京北京) A. didnt hear from B. dont hear from C. wont h

16、ear from D. havent heard fromD( ) 6. Not only Jam but also his parents _ a few interesting places since they came to China. (2012 湖北黄石湖北黄石) A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited C( ) 7. Look at these stamps. I_them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful. (2013 湖南衡湖南衡阳阳) A. kept B.

17、 have kept C. have boughtB( ) 8. He_ for ten years. (2013四川雅四川雅安安) A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has marriedA( ) 9. My sister has learnt English_. (2013四川雅安四川雅安) A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four C. twelve years ago D. at the age of fourB( ) 10. She _ the book _ two da

18、ys ago. (2013黑龙江绥化黑龙江绥化) A. has borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; forB选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.forsincefor4. Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5. His grandp

19、arents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.sinceforsince倍速课时学练27Doctor: (1)_ Bill: Well, Ive got a pain in my back.Doctor: (2) _ Bill: For about two weeks. Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box.Can I help you? How long have you been like this? Thats

20、it. Whats wrong with me?Can I help you? How long have you been like this? 倍速课时学练28Doctor: Let me have a look. Where do you work? Bill: I work in an office.Doctor: Do you play computer games? Bill: Yes, a lot. I usually play computer games late at night.Doctor: (3) _ Bill: (4) _Thats it. Whats wrong with me?倍速课时学练29Doctor: Well, you spend too much time in front of the computer. Bill: What can I do?Doctor: Stand up and do some exercise from time to time. Dont play computer