动词时态与语态

1、n 动词时态与语态n n 主讲：刘艳苓n 大连一中特级英语教师2003年名师课堂辅导讲座年名师课堂辅导讲座高中部分高中部分n 八种基本时态：八种基本时态：n1 .一般现在时一般现在时 2 .一般过去时一般过去时n3 .现在进行时现在进行时 4 .过去进行时过去进行时n5 .现在完成时现在完成时 6 .过去完成时过去完成时 n7 .一般将来时一般将来时 8 .过去将来时过去将来时n两种语态两种语态n1 .主动语态主动语态 2 .被动语态被动语态 动词时态与语态的注意事项：动词时态与语态的注意事项：v1. 表示来、去、开始、终结、离开、表示来、去、开始、终结、离开、到达等意义的瞬间动词的进行体表到

2、达等意义的瞬间动词的进行体表示即将发生的动作。示即将发生的动作。vMy father is leaving for Shanghai.v2 . 某些动词的进行体与某些动词的进行体与 always, often, forever, constantly 连用连用时，表示赞扬、埋怨、生气和时，表示赞扬、埋怨、生气和批评。批评。n He always comes late.vHe is always coming late.他总是他总是迟到迟到v3. 现在完成时现在完成时(1)与一般过去时比较与一般过去时比较I have lost my book.（书现在还没有找到）（书现在还没有找到）I lost

3、 my book.（只说明过去某时丢过书）（只说明过去某时丢过书）(2)I have received the gift.I havent received a gift for a long time. I have had the gift for ten years.常用瞬间动词：fall, arrive, come, leave, start, buy, sell, hear, join(4) I have learned English for 5 years.我已经学了我已经学了5年英语年英语 。（已经学了或仍继续）。（已经学了或仍继续） I learned English for

4、 5 years.我学过我学过5年英语。年英语。 （动作已成为过去）（动作已成为过去）(5）He has written a book. 他写了一本书。他写了一本书。(已经写好）已经写好） He has been writing a book. 他一直在写一本书。（仍然在写）他一直在写一本书。（仍然在写）v4. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图图(1). hope, intend, mean, expect, think, want, plan, suppose用于过去完成时用于过去完成时I had hoped to see him ,but I had so

5、mething more important to do.(2). be+to have doneI was to have gone to see the film, but a friend of mine came to see me yesterday. (3). Id like to have done Id like to have gone with you, but my mother stopped me .(4). Id rather have doneId rather have lent you a book, but I couldnt find it last ni

6、ght.(5) Youd better have donev5. 在英语中有些动词用主动语态的形式在英语中有些动词用主动语态的形式表被动意义：表被动意义：(1). 系动词：系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, feel (2).不及物动词（表内在的品质或性能）不及物动词（表内在的品质或性能）shut, open, sell, read, wash, catch, cut, write,lock,clean, drawThe cloth washes well.(3).不及物动词词组：不及物动词词组：happen, take place, occur, come abou

7、t, belong to, break out last, go out, run out, cost, spreadn(4) want, need, require ( 需要需要 ) worth （值得）后用（值得）后用 ing 的主动式的主动式表被动意义。表被动意义。nThe sentence needs improving.nThe walls want painting . Her story is worth listening to.v6.将来时的几种表达：将来时的几种表达：(1). be going to /be doing 表示已决定表示已决定的行动和现在有迹象预示未来。的行动

8、和现在有迹象预示未来。Are you coming to the Pub ?Im going to keep asking her out until she says yes.It looks as if it is not going to rain.(2).will a: 当我们谈及正在作出的一项决定时当我们谈及正在作出的一项决定时The phone is ringing, I will answer it .b: 不依人的意志为转移，客观上一定会发不依人的意志为转移，客观上一定会发生的事情。生的事情。Next year you will be 17 years old.c: 表示一种意

9、愿。表示一种意愿。If you will listen to me, Ill tell you a story.(3) be to do a: 表示安排要在将来做某事表示安排要在将来做某事The Queen is to visit Japan next year. b: 表示命令表示命令Youre to do your homework before you watch TV.c: 用于条件句中，相当于用于条件句中，相当于want to doYou must learn more if you are to survive in the future society.(4) will be d

10、oing 将来进行时将来进行时a: 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。This time tomorrow Ill be lying on a beach in Dalian.b: 表示将来的事已经定下来。表示将来的事已经定下来。Professor Li will be giving another talk next week.v7 当主句为一般将来时或祈使句时，时当主句为一般将来时或祈使句时，时间或条件状语从句可以有以下三种表达：间或条件状语从句可以有以下三种表达：As soon as you see him, give it to him, please.

11、When I have finished the work, Ill go out with you. （强调完成）（强调完成）If you will listen to me, Ill tell you about all that happened yesterday.（ 强调意愿强调意愿)n8. 以以 here 或或 there 开头的句子，开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。nGet it ready. Here comes a bus.nLook ! There flies a kite

12、in the sky.n9. 有些词（如有些词（如 taste, smell, sound, look 等）在一般时的句等）在一般时的句子中是系动词，而在进行时中子中是系动词，而在进行时中则是行为动词。则是行为动词。nIm tasting this soup. It tastes delicious. 动词时态与语态典型例题n1.- Hi,where are you going ?n - To see Mary.She is ill.n - Really?I _ with you.nA. am to go B. will gonC. am going D. will be goingBn2.T

13、he experiment is not _until everything gets ready.A. to do B. doing C. done D. to be doneDn3.The students expected there _more reviewing classes before the final examination.A. to be B. are C. being D. have been An4. -Whats the matter, Jane ? You look sad. -Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _

14、 of my friends back home.A. was just thinking B. Just thought C. have just thoughtD. have just thinkingAn5.Quick, the doors _! Youll _just in time.A. have closed; catch B. are closed; miss itC. close; get in D. are closing; make itDn6. She doesnt work as hard as she _.A. was used to B. did C. used t

15、o be D. used to do Bn7. E-mail, as well as telephone, _an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playAn8. Mr. White works in a chemical works but he _in his sisters shop, since he is on leave.A. has worked B. works C. is working D. workedCn9. So glad to

16、 see you back ! How long _you there ? A. do ; stay B. did ; stay C. have ; stayed D. have beenBn10. - Youve all handed in your sheets, havent you ? - Sorry. Sir, but my earphone _. -Really ? Youd better _me then.A. havent worked ; tell B. hadnt worked ; tellC. doesnt work ; be informing D. doesnt wo

17、rk ; have informedDn11. If the minister is free and _us, please tell him that we _.A. will receive ; have arrived B. receives ; have reachedC. receives ; have been waited D. wanting to receive ; are waitingAn12. If city noises _from increasing , people _shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept ; will have to B. are not kept ; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep; have toAn13. The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so .A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down