必修一Unit1Grammar

1、Unit 1 Friendship GrammarDirect speech & Indirect speech1. Read Aloud - read the sentences in Exercise 1 on page 5 and identify the difference between direct speech and indirect speech in the sentences.Differences: Verb tenses （时态）（时态）Pronoun forms （代词）（代词）Sentence structure （句式结构）（句式结构）Adverbials o

2、f time （时间状语）（时间状语）Word order （语序）（语序）1. 代词代词 - 人称变化：人称变化： 口诀：口诀：一随一随 _, 二随二随 _, 第三人称第三人称 _.主主宾宾不更新不更新He said, “I am learning English”He said that _ was learning English.Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack said to me that _ looked worried that day.We told her, “Theyre walking through the

3、street now.”We told her that _ were walking through the street then.heI they1. 代词代词 - 指示代词变化指示代词变化 this - _ these - _He said, “I like this book.”-He said that he liked that bookSam said, “These books are mine.”-Sam said that those books were his.thatthose一般一般现在现在时时现在现在进行时进行时现在现在完成时完成时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去完

4、成时完成时一般一般将来将来时时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去完成时完成时不变不变过去过去将来时将来时2.时态的变化时态的变化往前推一往前推一个时态个时态由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1. 不变的客观真理不变的客观真理 He said, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” He said that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2. 经常的习惯：经常的习惯： He sai

5、d, “I smoke two packs every day.” He said that he smokes two packs every day.3. 引语中含有具体的过去时间状语：引语中含有具体的过去时间状语： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945. Mike said, “I was born in 1997.” Mike said that he was born in 1997.4. 部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must, ought

6、 to, used to, had better等：等： She said , “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.直接引语中的状语直接引语中的状语nowagotodayyesterdayyesterday morningtomorrowthe day after tomorrow 状语变化状语变化间接引语中的状语间接引语中的状语thenbefore/earlierthat daythe day beforethe morning beforethe next day/the following dayin two days t

7、ime直接引语中的状语直接引语中的状语last week/monthnext week/monththe day before yesterdayhere间接引语中的状语间接引语中的状语the week/ month beforethe following/ next week/month.two days before/ earlierthere状语变化状语变化u动词变化：动词变化：come - go4. 句式变化句式变化(1) 陈述句陈述句 用用 _ 连接连接 thatShe said, “I left my book in your room.” -She said (that) she

8、 had left her book in my room.注注 第一个宾语从句的第一个宾语从句的that 可省略，第二可省略，第二个宾语从句的个宾语从句的that不可省略。不可省略。(2) 一般疑问句一般疑问句 用用_ 连接，语序变连接，语序变_ 语序语序 4. 句式变化句式变化if (whether)陈述句陈述句谓语动词是谓语动词是say或或said时，可改为时，可改为ask或或askedShe said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.He said, “Are you craz

9、y?” He asked me if /whether I was crazy.主语主语+ +谓语谓语(3) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 去去_, 用用_引导引导, 语序变语序变 _ 语序语序 4. 句式变化句式变化助动词助动词原来的疑问词原来的疑问词陈述句陈述句The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. He said to me, “What do you want?”He asked me what I wanted.(4) 反意疑问句反意疑问句 用用_引导引导,去

10、去_, 4. 句式变化句式变化 if (whether)反意疑问部分反意疑问部分 He asked, “Youre a student, arent you?”He asked (me) whether I was a student. (5) 选择疑问句选择疑问句 用用_引导引导, 语序变语序变 _ 语序语序 4. 句式变化句式变化 whether / if or陈述句陈述句The teacher asked him, “Do you like basketball or volleyball?”The teacher asked him whether he liked basketbal

11、l or volleyball.(6) 祈使句祈使句 将将动词动词say改为改为 _ 祈使句改为祈使句改为_ 4. 句式变化句式变化tell, ask, order，beg不定式不定式 (tell sb. (not) to do sth.) My teacher said to us, “keep quiet in self-study class.The teacher asked us to keep quiet in self-study class. The teacher said, “Dont make any noise.”The teacher ordered / told u

12、s / me not to make any noise.Practice makes perfect 课本课本P5 Ex.2Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:1. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtai

13、ns and dusty windows.3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly. 4. Her father asked her why she chose/ had chosen her diary and old letters.5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her.6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her.7. “ When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father.8. “ Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne. Summary 直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句祈使句祈使句that引导引导if/whe