初中英语语法专题讲解1--简单句的5种基本句型

1、初中英语语法专题讲解1 简单句的五种基本句型英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1）主+动（SV）例如：I work. 我工作。2）主+动磕（SV?例如：John is busy 约翰忙。3）主+动+xx （SVQ例如：She studies English 学英语。4）主 +动+xx+# （SVOC 例如：Time would prove me right.时间会证明我是对的。5）主+动+间宾+宜宾（SVOiOd例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。英语中的各种句子分为简单句和复合句，其中简单句中包含

2、有五种基本句型。1.S+Vi（Subjec注语 +Intransitive Verb 不及物动词）例：The sun rises in the eas依阳从东方升起。She is walking along the lake她正沿着湖边走。2.S+Vt+O（Subjec住语 +Transitive Verb 及物动词 +Object 宾语）例：He found a bird in the tree.他发现树上有一只鸟。I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。3.S+link.V+P（Subjec庄语+link.verb 系动词 +Predicative表语）1）

3、 句型中系动词的位置可以用be 动词来代替。2）句型中系动词可分为：表状态的系动词：be， keep， lie， look， remain， seem， smell， sound， sit， stand， stay， taste 等。表变化或结果的系动词：例：Time is up.时间到了。That man seems kind那人看起来很善良。4.S+Vt+O+O（Subjec任语 +Transitive Verb及物动词 +Indirect Object 间接宾语 +Direct Object直接宾语）例：He bought his sister a piano他给他妹妹买了一架钢琴。Le

4、t me give you a hand让我帮你一下吧。5.S+Vt+O+C（Subjec语+Transitive Verb 及物动词 +Object 宾语+Complement 补语 ）例：She kept us waiting for over three hours她让我彳门等了 3 个多小时。We tried to make her happy.我们尽量使她高兴。一、主语不及物动词(S V)1. 句1. The man cooks男人做饭。2. The sun is shing brightly太阳在明亮地照耀着。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink.我们

5、呼吸、吃和喝。4. They talked for half an hour.他们谈了 半个小时。5. They were sing when we arrived我们至U的时候他们正在唱歌。分析这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。二、主语及物动词宾语(S V DO)6. 句1. Who knows the answer确知道答案？7. He enjoys reading他喜欢看书。8. They ate what was left over他们吃了剩饭。9. He said “Good morning

6、.： "“早上好！ ”10. I want to have a cup of tea 我想喝杯茶。分析这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。三、主语系动词表语(S V P)例句1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary是本英汉辞典。2. The cake smells good蛋糕味道很好。3. Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了。4. He is growing tall and strong

7、 他长得又高又壮。5. The trouble is that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。6. Our well has gone dry 我们的井干枯了。7. His face turned red.他的脸红了。分析这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：四、主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语(S V IO DO)8. 句1. He brought you a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。9. She cooked

8、her husband a delicious mea她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。10. I showed him my pictures我给他看我的照片。11. I gave my car a washi 洗了 我的汽车。12. I told him that the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了。13. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。分析这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指

9、物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make,cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.=Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give,lend,teach,take, return, send, pass等。 例如：Please pass him a cu

10、p of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to h 请递给他一杯茶。注意：若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：误：Please give me them正：Please give them to me.五、主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语(S V DO OC)例句1. They called him James他们叫他詹姆斯。2. Wewill keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干净。3. They painted the door green.他们把门漆成绿色。4. What makes him think so?他怎么

11、会这样想？5. We saw him out.我们送他出去。7. I saw them getting on the bus我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。分析这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。注意：在使役动词make,let,have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定 式，则要省去不定式符号to。例如：He made us laugh他使我们发笑。I won

12、' t let you 我不会让你走。一、判断下列简单句的类型1. The woman is sing now. ()2. He gave her some apples. ()3. All her other friends were now outside the door. ()4. People eat fish and chips on the road. ()二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词1 .明天我将给我女儿买块手表。I will buy tomorrow.2 .看，他们在唱歌和跳舞。Look, they .3 .这块蛋糕看上去很大。The cake very

13、.4 .xx邀请她的朋友参加她的生日聚会。Ann asked her friends to her birthday party.5 .我不会让你走。I won t you .三、按下列要求改写句子，每空一词1. He gave me some rice. 改为同义句（）He gave .2. “ Sit down. ” The teacher toldmfe一句）The teacher told me .3. The fish tastes nice. 就划线部分提问（）the fish taste?4. He would like you to help him. （改为一般疑问句）he

14、you to help him?5. He cooked me delicious food this morning. （改为同义句）He cooked delicious food me this morning.1 英语五种基本句型一 :主 +系 +表此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词.系动词分两类:主 +谓 （不及物动词）此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词,介词短语,状语从句等.1. The su

15、n | was shjngH在照耀着.2.The moon | rose®升起了 .3.What he said | does not matter所讲的没有什么关系.4.They I talked for hafhour.他们 谈了半个小时.5. The pen I writes smoothl衣笔书写流利.基本句型三：主 +谓 （及物）+宾此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1.Whoknows I the answeri知道答案？ 2.He | enjoys

16、 | reOdftgC看书.3.He admits I that he was mistaken认犯了错误.基本句型四：主 +谓 （及物）+双宾（间宾+直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略.1.Shemyhowordered I herself | a newdresst了一套新衣裳 .2.I| showed I himpictures.我给他看我的照片.3.He| bought | you |

17、a dictionary了一本字典.4. I I told | him I that the bus战磊诟他汽车晚点了 .5.He I showed I me to run the machine.他教我开机器.基本句型五：主 +谓 （及物）+复合宾语（宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整.I.They I painted I the door他green.门漆成绿色.2.TheyI found I the house I deserted现那房子无人居住.3.What | makes I

18、him | thinkso么会这样想？ .4.We I saw I him 我倘送他 出去 .6.1 I saw | them I getting on the bus at t幽看meftH门当时在上了那辆 公共汽车.2 基本句型翻译练习基本句型一:主 +系 +表1.当时他看起来不高兴。2.我喜欢的运动是游泳和滑冰。3.我擅长英语。 4.收到你的来信我很高兴。5.在公路对面有一栋新教学楼。6.图书馆里有各种各样的书籍、报纸和杂志。7.那是在2000 年 2 月 8日早上 7:15. 8.天变得越来越黑。9.这食物吃起来挺可口的。10.这故事听起来很有趣。Key:1.He looked unh

19、appy at that time.2.My favourite sports are swimming and skating. 3. I am very good at English.4.I was so pleased to hear from you.5.On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building.6.In the library there are all kinds of books,newspapers and magazines. 7. It was 7:15 on the

20、morning of February 8, 2000. 8.It is getting darker and darker. 9. The food tastes delicious.10.The story sounds very interesting®本句型二:主 +谓 （不及物动词）1. 1984年至 1990年我在光明小学学习。2.今天上午，我们在校门口会面然后一起去那里。3.时间很快过去了。4.这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。5.小车没有停而是快速的开走了。6.在过去的10年间它的经济发展迅速。7.那个年轻人重重地摔倒在地。8.过去他早上习惯于早起。Key:1. I s

21、tudied in Guangming Primary School from1984to 1990.2.This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3.The time passed quickly.4.Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years. 5. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed.6. Its economy hasdeveloped rapidly in t

22、he past ten years. 7. The young man fell down on the ground hard.8.He used to get up early in the morning.基本句型三:主 +谓 （及物）+xx31.去年在学校电脑竞赛中我获得了一等奖。2.在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。3.几天前我和我兄弟骑自行车去看电影。4.我们也在校园内和周围种上了许多树。5.晚上时，我可以看电视新闻或看报纸。6.在回家的路上他把钱给丢了。7.昨晚大约九点的时候，我正在做作业。8.才艺展示（Talent Show）将于 6 月 18 日在北京电视台举行。9.下午

23、，我将带你们转转，看一些名胜。10.盼望能尽早见到你。8. Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July18.9. In the afternoon, I ll show you around and take you to some places ofinterest. 10. Im looking forward to meeting yousoo型四:主 +谓 （及物）+双宾（间宾+直宾）1.去年王老师教我们英语。2.明天我要给他写封信，告诉他这个好消息。3.他们给他提供了一份工作，但他拒绝了。4.在我14

24、岁生日时，爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。5.昨晚我花了两小时才完成作业。6.对不起，能问你一个问题吗？Key:1.Mr Wang taught us English lastyear.2.Tomorrow I ll write him a letter and tell him the good n3e.wThse. y offered him a job, but he turned it down. 4. On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike. 5. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night. 6. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?8本句型五:主+谓（及物）+复合xx语（xx+xx）1. 当时我看到那些孩子在河边玩。2.我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越美丽。3.当我到达教室时，我发现里边没有人。4.昨天下午在公交车上我的钱包让人给偷了。5.我注意到凯特整个早上都在图书馆里看书。6.父亲叫我给他带些报纸来。 4Key:1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river a