专升本英语专项练习阅读理解

1、阅读理解（2）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B C和D）中，选出最佳选项AHere are some of the world ' s most impressive subways.The TokyoMetroandToei LinesFeatures: The Tokyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Tokyo' s massive subway system carry almost 8 million people each day, making it the busiest system in the world.

2、The system is famous for its oshiya- literally,“pusher"- who shove passengers into crowded subwaycars so the doors can close. And you think your commute is hell.The MoscowMetroFeatures: The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations in the world. The best of them were built during the

3、 Stalinist era and feature chandeliers（枝形吊灯 ）,marble moldings and elaboratemurals（的壁回 ）.With more than 7 million riders a day, keepingall that marble clean has got to be a burden.TheHongKong MetroFeatures: The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the few subway systems in the world that

4、 actually turns a profit. It' sprivately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to in crease income and ridership. Italso introduced“Octopus cards ”that allow people to not only pay their fares electronically,but buystuff at convenience stores,supermarkets, restaurantsand evenpa

5、rking meters. It ' s estimated that 95 % of all adults inHong Kongown an Octopus card .Shanghai MetroFeatures: Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system, and it has become the country ' s largest in the 12 years since it opened. Shanghai Metro has 142 miles of track and pla

6、ns to add another 180 miles within five years. By that point, it would be three timeslarger than Chicago"L" . The system carries about millionpeoplea day.The London MetroFeatures: Londoners call their subway the Underground, even though55 percent of it lies above ground. No matter when you

7、 ' ve got theoldest mass-transitsystem in the world, you can call it anything youlike. Trains started in1863 and they ' ve been running ever since. Some 3 million people ride each day, every one of them remembering to “Mind the g ap".1. Which one can provide the riders some wonderful de

8、corations at the stations?A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei LinesB. The Moscow MetroC. The London MetroD. The Hong Kong MTR2.is done with the purpose of making money.A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei LinesB. The Moscow MetroC. The London MetroD. The Hong Kong MTR3. We can learn from the passage that Shanghai Me

9、tro.A. carries the most people each dayB. is the wo rld ' s largestC. may be larger than the Chicago"L" in the futureD. is the busiest in the world4. How many subways carry more than 5 million people per day?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Archaeology , like manyacademic words, comesfrom Greek and mea

10、ns, more or less,“the study of old things ” . So, it is really a part of the studyof history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists（考古学家）learn from theobjects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally,these are thehard mater

11、ials that don ' t break down or disappear very quicklythingslike human bones and objects made from stone and metal.It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history normally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood

12、. Occasionally, things are different.In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup walk in the wrong place a

13、nd you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out a humanfoot! Naturally, the mencalled the police, whothen found the rest of the body. Wasit a case of murder? Possibly buy it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a bod

14、y from the time of the Romaninvasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organsthe scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man ' s stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!Why was this man so well preserved? It wa

15、s because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man' s skinin the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and ot

16、her scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called “Lindow Man . His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn ' t done heavy manual work in this lifehe could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn' tdied by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrifi

17、ced to three different gods.5. Which language does the word “ archaeology " come from?A. French. B. Greek C. Roman. D. German。6. The word“these “ in the first paragraph refers to.A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects7. Which of the following helped to preserve“ Lindow Man”?A. Ice an

18、d low temperature B. Bacteria and oxygenC. Soil and energy D. Acid and water8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. “ Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him.B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.C. “ Lin

19、dow Man” was found by two archae ologists in the south of England.D. “ Lindow Man” was good at manual work.9. Which is the best title for the passage?A. What Is Archaeology?B. Archaeology and HistoryC. An Amazing Archaeological DiscoveryD. The Death of “ Lindow Man”CWhat is the nature of the scienti

20、fic attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in our societies.However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of

21、 science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products andsystems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop.The secondis the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting?

22、 First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, andlooks for relationships even if the dataavailable seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he think

23、s he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective（ 客观的 ） and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star main

24、ly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光谱 ）.He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectiv

25、ely.Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is full of imaginationsince he often has to look forrelationships in data which are not on

26、ly complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.10. Many people believe that science helps society to progr

27、ess throughA. knowledge only.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.11. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?A. He doesn t find confidence and pleasure in work.B. He is interested in problems that are explained.C. He makes efforts to investig

28、ate potential connections.D. He looks for new ways of acting.12. According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT.A. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation.13. Which

29、word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?A. complete B. objective C. complicated D. accurate14. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientis

30、t.DMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place inthe country. The most popular free time activity in

31、Britain is going for a walk.And when joggers （ 慢跑者 ） jog, they don t run the streets. Every one of themautomatically heads to the park or the river. It is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children

32、 are growing up nature-deprived （丧失 ）. I spentmy boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rathe

33、r than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD（ 多动症 ）. Those whose housing had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surround

34、ings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natura

35、l environment, the entire school would do better in studies.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment.In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy （ 等级 ） based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes,

36、 the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying （ 恃强凌弱） is found in schools where there is a tarmac （柏油碎石 ） playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds

37、me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School, with its hard tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So

38、, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensivelytreated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contactwith naturegives huge benefits to ADHD childre

39、n. However, we spend money on drugsrather than on green places.The life of old people is much better when they have access to nature. The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most

40、important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, research

41、er from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “ A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour becauseWildits process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later.places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We te

42、nd to think human beings are doing nature some kind of favour when we are protecting nature. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is damaging.Humanbeings are a species of animals. For

43、 seven million years we lived on the planet as part of nature. So we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glass of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice d

44、ay, understands that.Weneed the wild world. It is necessary to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without other living things around us we are less than human.15. What is the author s firm belief?A. People seek nature in different ways.B. People should spend most of their lives in the wild.C

45、. People have quite different ideas of nature.D. People must make more efforts to study nature.16. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?A. Personal freedom.B. Things that are natural.C. Urban surroundings.D. Things that are purchased.17. What does a study in Sweden show

46、?A. The natural environment can help children learn better.B. More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.C. A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.D. Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.18. Children who have chances to explore natural area

47、s .A. tend to develop a strong love for scienceB. are more likely to dream about wildlifeC. tend to be physically tougher in adulthoodD. are less likely to be involved in bullying19. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?A. Find more effective drugs for them.B. Provide more green spaces for them.C. Place them under more personal care.them in more meaningful activities.20. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?A. They look on life optimistically.B. They enjoy a l