高考英语一轮总复习第二部分语法突破专题4代词课件概述

1、专题四代词专题四代词物主代词物主代词即人称代词的所有格形式,它可分为形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)和名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs)。1.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能作名词或动名词的定语。Has your sister finished her composition yet?你姐姐的作文完成了吗?2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外,名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用,构成双重所有格,即:a/an/this/that/these/thos

2、e/some/any/several/no/each/every/such/another/which+名词+of+名词性物主代词。This is her coat.Mine is over there.这是她的大衣。我的(大衣)在那边。I had planned to see a friend of mine,but in the end I stayed at home doing nothing.我本打算去看一个朋友的,可是最后却待在家里啥也没做。 反身代词1.当宾语与句子主语是同一个人或物时,宾语用反身代词表示“某人自己”。反身代词还可作表语、介词宾语和同位语。If you keep

3、on doing things this way,you might hurt yourself.假如你继续这样做事,你会伤着自己的。I hope he can manage it himself.我希望他可以自己应对。2.含有反身代词的惯用语。by oneself单独,独自for oneself亲自of oneself自动地in oneself本质上apply oneself to专心致志于adapt oneself to适应于enjoy oneself(=have a good time)感到快乐,过得愉快devote oneself to专心于;献身于make oneself at ho

4、me不要客气seat oneself(=sit)坐come to oneself恢复知觉,苏醒过来 典例1(2011安徽高考改编)Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made almost an overcoat for her.【解析】句意:令人吃惊的是,苏姗漂亮的长发垂过了膝盖,使它几乎成了她的一件大衣。本空作及物动词make的宾语,指代的是主语Susans beautiful hair,故应用其反身代词itself。【答案】 itself典例2If our parents do everything

5、 for us children,we wont learn to depend on .【解析】句意:如果父母为我们这些孩子做好一切事情的话,我们将不能学会依靠自己。此处作动词短语depend on的宾语,指的是主语we本身,故应用其反身代词形式ourselves。【答案】 ourselves 指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等概念的词叫作指示代词。指示代词有this(这个),that(那个),these(这些),those(那些),such(如此的,如此的事物),same(同样的,同样的事物),it(那个,这个)。1.this/these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物

6、,that/those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物。它们在句子中的用法相当于名词和形容词,可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。This is a pen.这是一支钢笔。Those books are about Chinese traditional architecture.那些书是关于中国传统建筑的。2.that 和those指前面提到过的事物,this和 these则指下面将要提到的事物。I was caught in a traffic jam.Thats why I was late.我遇到了堵车。这就是我迟到的原因。These are the questions we are requir

7、ed to answer.以下就是我们要回答的问题。(3)有时为了避免重复,可用that或 those代替前面提过的人或事物。The climate of Tianjin is not so good as that of Kunming.天津的气候不如昆明的好。 典例(2013辽宁高考改编)To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and then of her colleagues.【解析】句意:让德拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了学生们的信任,接着又赢得了同事们的信任。根据句意可知,此处应用that来替代the trust。【

8、答案】 that 不定代词1.both,all,either,neither,none及any。both指“两者都”;all指“三者或三者以上都”;either指“两者中的任何一个”;neither指“两者中的任何一个都不”;none表示“三者或三者以上的全部否定”;any表示“三者或三者以上任何一个”。What do you think if we put both of them in charge of the work?假如我们让他们两个人都负责,你觉得如何?The old man had a son and a daughter,neither of whom treated him

9、 well,which greatly disappointed him.这个老人有一个儿子和一个女儿,但他们都对他不好,这让他很失望。There isnt any taxi around when you want one.你需要乘出租车的时候,周围却一辆也没有。2.nobody/no one,nothing及none。(1)nobody/no one指人,表示“一个人也没有”;nothing指物,表示“什么东西都没有”;none可指人或物,其用法相当于“no+前述名词”。Theres nobody here other than our English teacher.除了英语老师之外这里

10、没有其他人。(2)none还可接of短语,而nobody,no one,nothing不能接of短语。We couldnt eat in a restaurant that day because none of us had any money on us.那天我们不能在餐馆吃饭,因为我们都没带钱。 3.any与every。(1)“any+名词”表示“(三个或三个以上中的)任何一个”;“every+名词”表示“(三个或三个以上中的)每一个”。Excuse me,which of the three buses shall I take to the Peoples Park?打扰一下,请问这

11、三路公交车我可以坐哪一路去人民公园呢?Any one as you please.你想坐哪一路都行。Be sure to practise all the four language skills,that is,listening,speaking,reading and writing,in every English class.确保在每一节英语课上都要训练听说读写这四种语言技能。(2)“not any”表全部否定,而“not every+名词”表部分否定。 4.other,another,the other,others及the others。other是形容词,不能单独使用,必须与冠

12、词或名词连用,或用others;another表示没有具体限定的“另外一个”;the other表示有具体限定的两者中的“另一个”;others相当于“other+复数名词”,表示泛指其他的/别的人或物;the others相当于“the other+复数名词”,表示有具体范围限定的“其他的人或物”。The dress is two sizes larger for me.Would you please show me another one?这裙子我穿着大了两码,能给我拿另一件吗?This footballer,compared with the others on the team,wa

13、s short.和同队其他球员相比,这个足球运动员个子太矮。One side of the board should be painted yellow,and the other (should be painted) white.这块板子的一面应该涂成黄色,另一面应该涂成白色。5.one,ones,the one,the ones,that及those。one用来代替前面出现的单数名词,相当于“a(n)+单数名词”,表示泛指概念,其复数形式是ones;the one用来代替前面提到的单数名词,有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下);the ones用来代替前面提到的复数名词,有时

14、可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下),但是在“the+形容词+ones”结构中不能用those;that用来代替前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+单数/不可数名词”;those用来代替前面提到的复数可数名词,相当于“the+复数可数名词”。Mr Smith gave me a very valuable present,one (=a present) that I will always treasure.史密斯先生给了我一件非常珍贵的礼物,一件我会永远珍惜的礼物。The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden

15、 ones at the entrance,to let in the natural light during the day.入口处的木门已经被玻璃门取代,以便白天能有更多的自然光线进入。The book on the desk is better than that/the one(=the book) under the desk.桌子上的那本书比桌子底下的那本书好。Gradually,you will realize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought with money.慢慢地你就会明白,最重要的东西

16、是那些用钱买不到的东西。 典例1(2014福建高考改编)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in ,knives and forks.【解析】句意:在有些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在其他一些国家,人们则用刀叉吃饭。some.others.常用于表示泛泛的列举,所列的事物并非完整的一类事物。【答案】 others 典例2(2014江西高考改编)When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?.I will be in all day.【解析】句意:我什么时候可以给你打电话,上午还是下午?都

17、行。我一整天都在。根据句意可知,此处指的是“两者中的任意一个”,故应该使用不定代词either。【答案】 Either典例3(2013陕西高考改编)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost of her enthusiasm for life.【解析】句意:虽然罗斯玛丽这些年身患重病,但是她丝毫没有失去过对生活的热情。根据句意可知,此处应该填表示否定意义的不定代词,又因空后有of短语作后置定语表示特指,故应该使用none,表示“一点也没有”。【答案】 none it的用法1.it指代时间、季

18、节、距离、天气、自然现象、环境等。It is twelve oclock now,but its still raining heavily.现在已经中午12点了,可是还在下着大雨。2.指代前面所提到过的无法或没有必要分性别的人,或指发出某个动作的人。Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?Its me.是我。3.作形式主语和形式宾语,而真正的主语和宾语是后面的不定式、动名词或从句。It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.我们每天需要做一些运动。It is no use talking to him

19、 about it.和他谈这事没用。It is said that he is studying in Beijing University.据说他在北京大学学习。I must make it clear that Ill always support you.我必须申明我将永远支持你。 4.it用于模糊指代。(1)appreciate,hate,like等动词后面接when,how,if等引导的从句时,用it作这些动词的宾语,后面再接状语从句。I hate it if someone wakes me up in the middle of my sleep.我讨厌在我睡觉的时候别人把我弄醒

20、。(2)在有些短语中用it表示模糊指代。Take it easy.不要紧张。You can make it.你能行。I cant help it if he is always late.如果他总是迟到,我也没办法。 典例1(2014辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let stay in the air for seconds.【解析】句意:抬高你的腿,让它悬空几秒钟。根据句意可知,此处指代的是上文提到的同一事物your leg,故应该用代词it。【答案】 it典例2Who is at the door? is the milkman.【解析】句意:谁在门口呢?是送奶工。it可

21、用于指代前面所提到过的无法分清或没有必要知道性别的人。【答案】 It 与复合不定代词构成的固定搭配nothing but仅仅,只不过anything but绝不,根本不something of有几分; 在某种程度上or something诸如此类的什么He is nothing but a clerk.他只是一名职员。He is anything but a clerk.他绝不是一名职员。She is something of a doctor.She has saved many lives.她算得上是一名医生。她救过很多人的命。He is a scientist or something.

22、他大概是科学家之类的人物。 典例1He had but a cup of tea this morning.No wonder he feels so hungry now.【解析】句意:他今天早上只喝了一杯茶。怪不得他现在觉得饿。nothing but为固定搭配,表示“只不过,仅仅”。【答案】 nothing典例2She found herself of a celebrity,which made her a little proud.【解析】句意:她发现自己小有名气了,这让她有点骄傲。something of表示“有几分,在某种程度上”。【答案】 something 一、单句填空1.St

23、udying Wendys menu,I found that many of the items are similar to of McDonalds.1.those。句意:研究了温迪快餐的菜单后,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。根据句意可知,此处指代的是可数名词复数,相当于the items,但与上文指代的不是同一事物,故应该用those。2.During the severe cold span ants always remind(they) that winter will soon be over,warm and comfortable days are not far of

24、f.2.themselves。句意:在严冬期间,蚂蚁们时刻提醒自己严冬就要过去了,温暖舒适的日子很快就会到来。根据语境可知此处需用反身代词作宾语。3.I like this house with a beautiful garden in front,but I dont have enough money to buy .3.it。句意:我很喜欢这座前面有花园的房子,但是我没有足够的钱来买它。根据句意可知,此处指代上文提到的同一事物,故应该用it。 4.They say its a beautiful place,but I （me）have never been there.4.mysel

25、f。句意:他们说那里是一个漂亮的地方,但是我自己从来没有去过。根据句意可知,此处表示“我自己”,作主语I的同位语,故应该使用反身代词myself。5.It was hard for him to learn English in the family,in which of his parents spoke the language.5.neither。句意:他在家里很难学英语,因为他的父母在家里都不说英语。根据句意可知,此处表示“两者都不”,故应该使用不定代词neither。6.You can choose of the topics,but do not attempt both.6.e

26、ither。句意:你可以选择这两个话题中的一个,但是不要两个都尝试。根据句意可知,此处表示“两者中的任何一个”,故应该使用不定代词either。7.I knew that could ever stop William.He would never drop his dream of becoming a doctor once he had made up his mind.7.nothing。句意:我知道没有任何事情能阻止威廉。一旦他下定决心,他永远也不会放弃做医生的梦想。根据句意可知,此处表示“没有任何事情”,故应该使用不定代词nothing。 8.I would like to buy

27、 a good sweater but was available from that shop.8.none。句意:我想买一件好毛衣,但是那家商店里没有一件合适的。none作不定代词时,表示“没有一个人,没有一个”,既可以指人,也可以指物。9.I would appreciate if you could help me solve this maths problem.9.it。句意:如果你能帮我解决这个数学问题我将不胜感激。此处it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的if you could help me solve this maths problem。10.We used to mist

28、ake that heavy objects fell faster than light.10.ones。one泛指同类中的不同事物,其复数形式为ones,此处应用ones代替objects。句意:过去我们常错误地认为重的物体下降的速度比轻的物体快。11.I feel is my duty to help those in need within my capacity.11.it。句意:我感觉力所能及地帮助那些处于困境中的人是我的职责。此处it作的是形式主语,to help those in need within my capacity是真正的主语。 12.The cost of buy

29、ing a house in central Beijing is higher thanin any other city of China.12.that。所填词指代前面提到的The cost,故用that。13.I think the lecture given by that professor is but interesting,but I managed to survive it.13.anything。句意:我认为那个教授作的讲座一点意思都没有,但是我还是坚持着听完了。anything but 为固定搭配,意为“根本不”。14.To stay awake,my brother

30、 finished a cup of coffee and ordered.14.another。句意:为了保持清醒,我哥哥喝完一杯咖啡,又点了一杯。根据句意可知用another泛指“(三者或三者以上的)另一个”。15.We want to makeclear for everyone that learning English is not difficult at all.15.it。句意:我们要让每一个人都清楚地知道学习英语一点也不难。此处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的从句。 二、语法填空(2016河南南阳五校联考)A young man,while 1.(travel)

31、 through a desert,came across a spring of clear water.2.water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 3. had been his teacher.After a four-day journey,the young man 4.(present) the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled 5.(warm),and thanked the young man very much for the sweet water.The young man went home 6. a happy heart.After the young man le