高二过去分词讲解与练习

1、高二过去分词讲解与练习1 .分词的定义：动词的ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2) 过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：Don'touchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。2)过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。Theexdted

2、peoplerushedintothebuilding.激动的人们奔进了大楼。Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：Isthereanythingplannedfortomorrow?明天有什么活动吗?Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.The

3、meeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.3) 过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念.如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Deeplymovedbyth

4、estory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。女口：Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.Ifheated,watercanbeturned

5、intosteam.7K如果被力口热，会变成水蒸气。表让步相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。表方式或伴随情况。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingabou

6、tmyjob.4) 过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：Whenw川yougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？Whenyouaremakingaspeech,youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有人发现其中一个

7、杯子破了。Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.应该让他们知道那儿的形势。1 .过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如：Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.当那男孩被问到为何来这里时他沉默不语。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农木寸出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。2 .动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：havesomebo

8、dy/somethingdosomething不定式作补语必须省去to,不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：Ihadtheworkersdothejobforme.我让工人们替我完成了工作。Jimoftenhashisfatherhelphimwithhishomework.吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。havesomebody/somethingdoingsomething-ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如：Theyhadthetractorworkingallthetime.他们让拖拉机一直工作着。Wewon'thavethechil

9、dtalkingtohismotherlikethat.我们不能让那孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。havesomebody/somethingdone过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天理发了。主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。3 .非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：thebridgetobebuilt将要建造的桥（表示将来的动作）the

10、bridgebeingbuilt正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的动作）thebridgebuilt造好的桥（表示完成的动作）4 .过去分词和-ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.Thenewsisverysurprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresent

11、weremovedtotears.英语中这样的分词还有很多'如：amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;exciting,excited;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;worrying,worried;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished等。5 .过去分词和-ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面

12、几组短语：boiledwater开水boilingwater正沸腾的水developedcountries发展的国家developingcountries发展中国家fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在飘落的叶子changedcondition改变了的情况changingcondition变化着的情况由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。6用分词短语作状语时，还应注意在句子主语和分词短语之间不能使用并列连词。如：误Notknowingwhattodo，sosheaskedherfriendsforadvice正

13、jNotknowingwhattodo，sheaskedherfriendsforadvice7、如果分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不是同一个人或物时，就要用从句或独立主格结构代替分词短语作状语。如：AsitwasSunday,thestreetswereespeciallycrowded或：ItbeingSunday,the7streetswereespeciallycrowded.8、同学们还要注意某些现在分词可用来表示说话人对所说的话所持的看法或态度，固定词它们已变成组，在句中作独立成分，与句子主语无关。这类现在分词常见的有：generallyspeaking（一封殳地说），strictly

14、speaking（严格地说），judgingfrom/by.（从.来判断），talkingof.（说至【J一.）,considering.（考虑到）supposing.（假定）等。女口：Generallyspeaking,itisnoteasyforaforeignertolearnChinesewellinashorttime.Consideringeverything,itwasn'tabadholiday.8、分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语相一致。分词与主语之间如果是主动关系，就用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词。例如：主动时态被动时态一般时态doingDone（被

15、动的动作）进行时态doingbeingdone（正在进行的被动动作）完成时态havingdonedone/havingbeendone（已经完成的被动动作）Hearingthegoodnews,wecouldn'thelpjumpingwithjoy,(=Whenweheardthegoodnews,wecouldn'thelpjumpingwithjoy.)Seenfromthehills,theWestLakeisverybeautiful.(二TheWestLakeisverybeautifulwhenitisseenfromthehills.)试题选练1. I'

16、mgoingtohavemycar.A.tobefixedB.tofixC.fixedD.tofix2. WhafsthelanguageinGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak3. someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowed4. Hehadhisleginthematchyesterday.byA.tobreakB.brokenC.break5. Mostofthepeopletothepa

17、rtywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting6. moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven7. Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishanbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied8. Thecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsi

18、nthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9. inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose10. TheOlympicGames,in776BC,didn'tineludewomenplayersuntil1912.D. to be first playedD. caughtA.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplaying11.Don'tgetintherain.A.to

19、becaughtB.catchingC.tocatch12. Ifoundacarinapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick13. -Bytheway,whendidyougetyourbedroom?Lastweek.A.topaintB.paintedC.paintingD.tobepainted14. Thechildrenwerefoundinthecave.A.trappingB.trappedC.tobetrappedD.betrapped15. Theyfoundaoldwoman_onthegrou

20、ndwhenthedoorwasbrokendown.A.dying,IyingB.dead,liedC.death,layingD.died,lain16. Onamorningthelittlegirlwasfoundatthecornerofthestreet.A.freezing,freezingB.freezing,frozenC.frozen,frozenD.frozen,freezing17. Nooneenjoysfunofinpublic.A.makingB.beingmadeC.tobemadeD.tomake18. BeforehecametoLondon,hehadne

21、verheardasingleEnglishword.A.speakingB.spokenC.tobespokenD.speak19. fromspace,theearth,withwaterseventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.A.Seen,coveredB.Seen,coveringC.Seeing,coveringD.Seeing,covered20. Ancrowdisawaitingthearrivalofthefilmstar.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitedly21. Thebuildi

22、ngbyhimisunderconstructionA.tobedesignedB.designedC.beingdesignedD.tohavedesigned22. ThemanusattheairportyesterdayisgoingtospeaktoustonightA,meetingB.tomeetC.whometD.tobemeeting23. .MostoftheartiststothepartywerefromSouthAfricaA.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited24. .Theaccidentyesterda

23、ywascausedbycarelessnessA,happenedB.havinghappenedC.whichhappenedD.happening25. .fromthetallestbuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.A,SeeingB.SeeC.SawD.Seen1. .1won'thavesuchwordstoyourparents.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.said27. Myhairistoolong,soI1dliketohaveit.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.cutted28. WhenIreturnedhome,Iwassurp