国际音标Ashley

1、IPA-International Phonetic Alphabet音素音素(Phoneme)(Phoneme)和国际音标和国际音标(IPA)(IPA) 1什么是音素什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。：音素是语音的最小单位。2音素的分类音素的分类：元音和辅音。：元音和辅音。3音素的个数音素的个数：共：共48个，元音音素个，元音音素20个，辅音音素个，辅音音素28个。个。4什么是音标什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5什么是国际音标什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套 音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。音标，用来记

2、录世界各主要语言的语音。开音节开音节：a) 辅音辅音+元音元音+辅音辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane b) 辅音辅音+元音元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello闭音节闭音节：a) 辅音辅音+元音元音+辅音辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup, let, mad b)元音元音+辅音辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant8. 重读音节重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 9. 元音元音(Vowel)和辅音和辅音( Consonant)的定义

3、：的定义： 发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音元音。 不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音辅音。 发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音清辅音。 发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音浊辅音。元元 音音12个单元个单元音音长元长元音音: : i: u:短元短元音音 e8个双元音个双元音a e e a 辅辅 音音10对对清辅清辅音音p tkfsttrts浊辅浊辅音音b dgvz d3drdz3个鼻音个鼻音mn3个似拼音个似拼音hrl2个半元音个半元音wjVowels (20)_ / i:/ / / / e / /a:/ / :

4、/ / / /u:/ / / / /: / / / Its a little sheep,Dropping into the water deep.Her sisters cry and weep,And mother is still asleep./i:/ 恐龙蛋： 小小龙： t pt 飞天喷火龙：What is it? It is a ticket.短元音。嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴型扁平。 / / Its a fish,Lying in a dish.Its good and fresh.Thats the very thing I wish. : 恐龙蛋： : : :

5、小小龙： b:d g:l 飞天喷火龙：飞天喷火龙：The nurse saw a turtle on her purple curtain. : :Its bird,Wearing a shirt,Murmuring word,And eating bean-curd./ :/嘴唇微微张开嘴唇微微张开，舌身平放，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起舌中部稍抬起，口腔自然放，口腔自然放松发声。松发声。dkt Whos fatter?Whos bigger?No one guesses it better.Nobody gives an answer./ /Lesson 2: 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的

6、字母和字母组合a aw al or oor a: water aw: draw strawberry al: ball wall or: horse corn fork or short oor: floor door根据发音规则，找出发根据发音规则，找出发:的的1个单词。个单词。 1. tall bird bread poor 2. idea chair sport hare 3. cake bear walk cup 4. drink short bag milkIm not tall,But I can sweep the floor.Though Im young and short,

7、Ill do something more./:/ 恐龙蛋： 小小龙： pt dg 飞天喷火龙：飞天喷火龙：Toms got a lot of dots on his pocket. He will use a lot of hot water to wash off the dots. 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 o a o: fox coffee dog shop dog a: watch / /Its a cock,Standing on a rock,Wearing a sock,And looking at a clock.u: 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音

8、的字母和字母组合 o oo ui u o: do who whose oo: food moon too ui: fruit juice u: ruler rude 根据发音规则，找出不发根据发音规则，找出不发u:的单词。的单词。 1. juice moon zoo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon 3. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watchA ewe,Dressed all in blue,Saying “How do you do?”To a lady from Crewe./u:/恐龙蛋： 小小龙： bk

9、 kk 飞天喷火龙：飞天喷火龙：Green Wood, Mike Cook. Please have a look! I have a good book. 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 o oo u o: woman wolf oo: look good book foot wood u: bull bullet 根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。的单词。 1. mouth book look pull 2. push tape sugar foot 3. wood kind wolf bull 4. bullet

10、 wood cook nameIts a cook,Reading a book,Running into a kook,Giving him a silly look./Lesson 3a: 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear a: grass glass class plant fast ar: car star arm garden dark au: laugh aunt ear: heart根据发音规则，圈出发根据发音规则，圈出发a:的的2个单词。个单词。 1. arm lip doctor card 2. cloud cart garden gat

11、e 3. ball scarf dark tiger 4. job lorry March parkIts a lark,Hearing a dogs bark,Hiding in the dark,Flying over the park./a:/ 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ou o: son come colour love money u: sun nut jump gum bus brush oo: flood, blood ou: touch cousin country根据发音规则，找出每组中发根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。的单词。 1. h

12、ear cup bed air 2. voice boy duck ant 3. vase corn bear gun 4. cute boy money her/ /A buck,Jumping out of a truck,Falling down into muck,And scaring away a duck. 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 a a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand ant black fat has 根据发音规则，找出每组中发根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。的单词。 1. rat bed face spo

13、rt 2. hear cup fat pear 3. rice bat finger tree 4. sea young knife appleIts a cat,Sitting on a mat,Wearing a hat,And watching a rat./e 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast根据发音规则，找出每组中不发根据发音规则，找出每组中不发e的单词。的单词。 1. cat well leg pen 2. sweat map pet elep

14、hant 3. egg ten tall desk 4. bread head bed toyA big egg,Falling down into a bed,Rolling under Toms leg,Making him lose his head./e/_ / / /e/ / / /e/ /a/ / /a/ / / Lesson 4元音音标元音音标e a a练习练习恐龙蛋：e e e 小小龙：kek plen 飞天喷火龙：飞天喷火龙：Rain, Rain, go away. Come again another day. Little Kids ,want to play. Rain

15、, Rain, go away. e e e 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a ai ay a: cake make name game snake gate ai: rain train wait ay: day May play today way 根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。1. face wave sheep tail 2. grape plane name coat3. time tape train snake 4. rain soap cake trainWhats a crane?Its easy

16、 to explain.Its all very plain.A crane is a crane./ e /a恐龙蛋：a a a 小小龙：ta bak 飞天喷火龙飞天喷火龙: Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.a a发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy i: kite bike nice tiger write knife y: by cry fly my sky try why ie: tie pie uy: buy根据发音规则，找出每组中发根据发音规则，找出每组中发a的的2个单词。个单

17、词。 1. rice good jam right 2. ship mine ice-cream mouse 3. cloud sit tie eye 4. write small tennis kiteIts a fly,Wearing a tie,Holding a pie,And waving good-bye./a / 恐龙蛋： 小小龙：t kn 飞天喷火龙飞天喷火龙: One boy is a boy. Two boys are half boy. Three boys are no boy. 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy oi: oil boil co

18、in oy: boy toy根据发音规则，找出每组中发根据发音规则，找出每组中发的的2个单词。个单词。 1. soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise 3. walk voise boil word 4. tea enjoy toy milkTheyre boys,Playing with toys, Shouting in a loud voice,And making great noise./a 恐龙蛋：a a a 小小龙：ba ha 飞天喷火龙飞天喷火龙:A mouse ran into a cows mouth in front of th

19、e house.a a发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trousers ow: flower cow how now down根据发音规则，选出不发根据发音规则，选出不发a的单词。的单词。 1. mouse cloud arm clown 2. teacher trousers cow mouth 3. town dance flower house 4. tower blouse now babyIts a mouse,Wearing trousers,Shouting in a loud voice,And count

20、ing blouses./a/Lesson 5 恐龙蛋： 小小龙：kt gt飞天喷火龙飞天喷火龙: Leo, Leo. Let us go! You are too slow! I dont hope so! 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa ow o: nose rose poen over oa: boat coat soap goat ow: show window snow bowl 根据发音规则，圈出每组中发根据发音规则，圈出每组中发的的2个单词。个单词。 1. coat goat tree river 2. make window knife road 3.

21、 your white row coat 4. boat hen nose lamp A goat, Wearing a coat,Sitting in a boat,And writing a note./ 恐龙蛋： 小小龙：b sp飞天喷火龙飞天喷火龙: Open your ear, listen to my idea. Give the deer a glass of beer. Is it clear? 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 ear eer ear: ear hear tear eer: deer beer根据发音规则，圈出每组中发根据发音规则，圈出每组中发

22、的的1个单词。个单词。 1. bear beer fair tail 2. noodles pair near come 3. horse near tower air 4. ring king here threeIts a deer, Standing here,Drinking my beer,Making me cheer./恐龙蛋：e e e小小龙：be he 飞天喷火龙飞天喷火龙:A bear is eating a pear over there. You must care the pears on the chair.e e e 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组

23、合 air ear air: hair chair pair ear: pear bear wear根据发音规则，圈出每组中发根据发音规则，圈出每组中发e的的1个单词。个单词。 1. bear idea pineapple tail 2. noodles pair climb come 3. horse house tower air 4. ring king hare threeIts a bear,Sitting on a chair,Combing its hair,And holding a pear./e/ 恐龙蛋： 小小龙：t trist 飞天喷火龙飞天喷火龙:I am sure

24、the water is pure. I am sure the water is a lure on a tour. 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 oor our ure oor: poor our: tour ure: sure pure根据发音规则，圈出每组中发根据发音规则，圈出每组中发的的1个单词。个单词。 1. clear tourist pineapple tail 2. noodles pair climb fury 3. beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineerNothing in his pocket

25、, Im sure.But dont say he is poor.Because of his hands are secure,Hell turn a stone to gold pure./Consonants (28)辅音分类表辅音分类表辅辅音音组组爆破音爆破音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/摩擦音摩擦音/f/ /v/ / / /s/ /z/ / / /h/ /r/破擦音破擦音/t/ /d/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/鼻音鼻音/m/ /n/ /舌边音舌边音/l/ ( /l/ )半元音半元音/w/ /j/Lesson 6di:p repp 发这个音的字母和字母组

26、合发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop pp: apple happy 根据发音规则，圈出没有发根据发音规则，圈出没有发p的单词。的单词。 1. ship phone sleep pear 2. pick pen big pineapple 3. taxi parrot sheep pig 4. panda pony pet truckb bju:tflb 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb b: book ball bird big boy bag bb: rubber rabbit

27、 cabbage根据发音规则，圈出发根据发音规则，圈出发b的的2个单词。个单词。 1. cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3. weather boy bus make 4. rabbit read dress baby t kat teblt 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket tt: butter matter根据发音规则，圈出没有发根据发音规则，圈出没有发t的的1个单词。个单词。 1. taxi fat bag toy 2. hat ticket

28、tea duck3. pocket packet cat raind 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合d ed d: duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold ed: smiled opened played根据发音规则，圈出没有发根据发音规则，圈出没有发d的的1个单词。个单词。 1. bed clothes hand 2. dog cold five3. dance duck grapeLesson 7kek k:dk发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck c: cap cook cup car can

29、 class k: cook milk key desk kite cake ck: clock sock cock neck从下列单词中找出一个发从下列单词中找出一个发sk的单词。单词。 1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock 3. disk truck silk duckvg发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 g gg g: glass golf get girl bag goat gg: egg 根据发音规则，圈出发根据发音规则，圈出发g的单词。单词。 gas drive gum give violin bag jeans

30、orange log bridge guess tank grade long language mass发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 s c ss ce s: star sun snake sea see c: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate ss: grass glass class boss ce: face race rice nice根据发音规则，圈出每组中根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发个发s的单词。的单词。 1. whose juice lick student 2. those case scarf shoes 3. s

31、pace nose science meat 4. tears piece bus nose i:z nz pli:zz发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 z s se z: zero zebra zoo s: bags photos sisters se: nose rose根据发音规则，圈出每组中根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发个发z的单词。单词。 1. zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes3. dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zeroLesson 8ed fl p 发这个音的

32、字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh s: sugar sure sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发的的2个单词。个单词。shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship3. brush carrot sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf 3发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 s s: television, usually, Asia, a great decision; my pleasur

33、e根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发3的的2个单词。个单词。 1. shell ship garage desk 2. truck shirt pleasure ship 3. brush casual sheep sleep 4. hero shape leisure shelftns tp t t发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tch ch: teacher peach cherry chair tch: watch match 根据发音规则根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发找出下列单词中发t的单词。的单词。 chair dumpling bea

34、ch cheese night she monkey China church these flower egg dream shark chick catch/d/ /d/di: pedvlddn/d/发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合g j ge g: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage根据发音规则根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发圈出下列单词中发/d/的单词。的单词。egg dragon grass cabbage job gift gate orange drug gunLesson 9 fu: t f

35、发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 f ff ph gh f: five fan flower fish four leaf ff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photo gh: laugh 选出下列单词中不发选出下列单词中不发f的单词。的单词。 knife flower foot fish pick get photo giraffe laugh leaf vv发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 v ve v: video vase vest ve: five love violin根据发音规则根据发音规则,在不发在不发v的单词上打的单

36、词上打。 violin move vote window van white woman victory wet wave vase发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 th th: three thin third teeth mouth 根据发音规则，圈出不发根据发音规则，圈出不发的单词。的单词。 1. father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother 3. think thirsty mother thousand 4. thin thick they teeth 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字

37、母组合 th th: father mother brother clothes根据发音规则，圈出每组中发根据发音规则，圈出每组中发 的的1个单词。个单词。 1. than sister brother three 2. weather thank night good 3. tie look teeth they 4. thin father throat watchLesson 10 辅音音标辅音音标tsdz tr dr的练习的练习舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不齿龈间送出，声带不振动。振动。 lts ts 发这个音的字母和

38、字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes ts: seats goats coats cats pets eats tes: gates kites dates tastes 根据发音规则，找出发根据发音规则，找出发ts的的4个单词。个单词。 sands woods boots birds hats carrots hands beds friends rats seeds kids b:dzdz 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des ds: seeds woods friends birds beds des: rides 根据发音规则，找出发根据发音规则，找出发

39、dz的的5个单词写在后面的横线上。个单词写在后面的横线上。 coats hands cats kites beds words pets kids seats horse sands gatestren trk tr 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合tr tr: tree truck trousers trick 根据发音规则，找出没有发根据发音规则，找出没有发tr的的3个单词。个单词。 seats truck train trash drink street drug trousersdri:m drpdrk drav dr 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合d

40、r dr: draw drink driver dragon dry 根据发音规则，找出每组中发根据发音规则，找出每组中发dr的的2个单词。个单词。 1. dream duck dress rain 2. rat drain drug door 3. tree treasure drawer drink 4. truck dragon dish drum Lesson 11hlhsptlh发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合h wh h: he her head heart hair ham wh: who whose 根据发音规则，根据发音规则， 把下列单词中不发把下列单词中不发

41、h的找出来。的找出来。 1. ham hat white ( )2. horse whale who ( )3. wheat hole hair ( )rotr 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wr r: rice room ride road rose rr: mirror carrot parrot wr: write wrong wrap根据发音规则，选出发根据发音规则，选出发r的单词，打的单词，打。 1. bread driver wrong rain worker 2. river father robot rope sister 3. write fruit rabbit crown drumlat lan li:dl 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合l