初中形容词及副词用法总结及练习

1、形容词和副词用法总结及练习一、形容词的用法：（一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1 .直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。【难点】2 .叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid, asleep, awake, alone等。（二）形容词的种类1 .品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：The play wasboring .那出戏很枯燥乏味。You have anhonest face.你有一张诚实

2、的脸。2 .颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：She had on a blue coat,她穿了一件蓝色的外套。3 . -ing形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如：4 . pd形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质 形容词，如：She lookedtired .5 .合成形容词：warm-hearted热心的，heart-breaking令人心碎的（三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作：1）定语：What a fine day!2）表语：She lookshappy.3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）：Do you think it

3、 necessary?你认为这有必要吗？4）状语：He arrived home, hungry and tired.他又饿又累的回到家里。2、形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。 一般规 则为：（限定词）-一般描绘性形容词-表示大小、长短、高低的形容词-表示年龄、 新旧的形容词-表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词-表示物质、材料的形容词f（名 词）0如：There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the vil

4、lage.村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。【重点】2）当形容词词组 相当于一个定语从何时，或形容词用来修饰somebody,something, anything, nothing等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：The boy interested in music is my brother.对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。 Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？二、副词的用法：（一）概念：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 的词叫做副词。例如：not （不），here （这里），now （现在）。不少副词同时也可

5、用作介词或其它词类。如：Have you read this book before?副词，作时间状语）你以前读过这本书吗？He w川 arrive before ten o '（效词鼠 before ten o ' cl比介词短语，作时问状语）他将在10点钟前到达。（二）副词的种类1、时间副词有三类： always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardl般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词1）表示发生时间的副词：It ' s beginning to raiow! 现在开始下雨了！2）表示频繁程度的副词

6、，也称频度副词 always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词：She often changes her mind.她常改变主意。3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：He hasjust had an operation.他®动过手术。2、地点副词：1）有不少表示地点的副词：She is studyingabroad.她在国外留学。2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：用作介词：Standup!起立！用作副词：A cat climbe

7、d up the tree.猫爬上了树。3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词：It ' s the samerywhere. 到处都一样。 【重点】3、方式副词1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答 how的问题）： How beautifully your wife dances.你夫人舞跳的真美。2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：She smiledgratefully .她感激的笑了笑。3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：He left the town secretly.他悄然离开了这座城市。【重点】4、程度副词和强调副词1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示到

8、某种程度"：Is she badly hurt?她伤得重说明这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词（b）:a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快 【重点】2） much是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以：a.修饰形容词等：I ' m not uch good at singing.我唱歌不太好。b.修饰比较级：You sing much better than me.你比我唱的好多了。Their house is much nicer

9、 than ours.他们的房子比我们的好多了。 【重点】5.疑问副词和连接副词1）疑问副词：疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：how: How is your grandmother?你奶奶身体好吗？where: Where does she come from?她是哪儿人？when: When can you come?你什么时候能来？why: Why was he so late?他为什么来得这么晚？2）连接副词：连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：how: Do you know how to start this machine?你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？ whe

10、re: I don ' t knowhere he lives.我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句） when: Tell me when you' ll be read消诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语 从句）why: That' why I came round.这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）6. 一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词：Let ' s goside.咱们到里面去。Take two stepsforward .向前走两步。（三）副词的位置1 .副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：Usually I do my homework

11、 in the evening.（旬首）通常我晚上做家庭作业。I often get up at six.何中）我常在6点起床。Please spealslowly.（旬末）请慢慢说。2 .副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如：These flowers arequite beautiful.（在形容词前）这些花相当漂亮。He works very hard.（在副词前）他工作很努力。 但也有例外，如：She is old enough to go to school.（在形容词后）她已到了 上学的年龄。3.按一般规则，既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如

12、:We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。He watched TV at home last night.他昨晚在家看电视。说明形容词一般修饰名词，副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。一些形容词后加上-ly 可以变成副词，如 slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully【基础练习】(一)用所给词的正确形式填空1. The Greens are(happy) to live in this(noise) street. They have decided

13、to move to another place.2. The panda has been (die) for about two months.3. I like her dress. It looks very(beauty).4. Don ' t feel(worry) about your child. The whole class would be(friend) to the new classmate.5. The(finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.6. It L_s(possible) for

14、an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.7. It ' s_a(please) trip for all of us.8. The children in China are living a(color) life.9. It was an(amaze) match. It amazed us.10. He felt very (sleep) and fell (sleep) soon when he lay in bed.11. We all had a very(enjoy) time at the party.(二)选择最佳答案()1. The

15、se oranges taste.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well()2. I can ' t pay as he asked for.A. a as high price B.as a high price C.as high price D.as high a price()3. We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us ?I have to do many things this evening . I' m, you see .A. fr

16、ee B. glad C. sorry D. busy()4. Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. OK. Let ' s give him to eat.A. something different B. different anythingC. anything differentD. different something( )5.The person is talking with the doctor.A. ill B. sick C. illness D. sickness()6. The day is bright an

17、d. LetWalS go for aA. sunny B. dark C. cloudy D. windy()7. Look !beautiful that lake is !A. What BThow C. How a D. What a()8. -1 won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.-I won't,.A. neither B. either C. too D. also()9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it,.A. too B. either C. ne

18、ither D. also()10.That maths problem is difficult nobody can work it out.A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but()11. What' s on the desk?It，s.A. a new green bag B. new green bag C. a green mew bag D. a bag new green ()12. The night was very, so he had to take off his shoes.A. quiet; q

19、uietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly()13. He to school to clean his classroom.A. always comes earlyB. comes always earlyC. always early comesD. come always earlier()14. I got up today.A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late()15. Alice goes to school at seven.A. usual B. usuall

20、y C. hard D. a little三、形容词的比较等级：(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成1 .单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er 或-estnew longnewer longernewest longest以e结尾的词加-r或-stfine latefiner laterfinest latest以“辅音+y”变y为i再加-erearlyearlierearliest结尾的词或-esthappyhappierhappiest重读闭音节的先双写辅音字hothotterhottest词末尾只有一母，再加-er或thinthinner

21、thinnest个车有音字母-estfatfatterfattest2 .多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或most。如：原级比较级最高级usefulmore usefulmost usefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficultdeliciousmore deliciousmost delicious【重点】3 .有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestol

22、dolderoldest（二）形容词比较级的用法1 .形容词的比较级可以单独使用：Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。Which book is better?哪本书更好？2 .也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：a.名词或代词：He is older than me / I .他年龄比我大。b.动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c.从句：I was a better singer than he was.我唱歌比他好。（三）形容词比较级的修饰语1 .形容词比较级前可加 much,

23、 a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语： He' s feeling much better today.他感至U今天好多了。2 .也可在比较级前 any, no, some, even, stil这类词： Do you feel any better today?你今天感觉好一点了吗？3 .比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：My sister is ten years younger than me.我妹妹比我/、十岁。【难点】（四）形容词比较级的特殊用法1 .和more有关的词组：1） the more - the more 越就越。例如

24、：The harder you work, the greater progress you'll make.越努力, 进步越大。2） no more than 与样。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。3） more than超过，不只是。例如：There are more than two thousand people in the hall.2 .和less有关的词组1） less than不到 不太：It was ready in less than a week.2） no les

25、s than多达 不少于No less than 2 million people came.至少来了 2 百万人。3） more or less基本上 大体上 大约The work is more or less finished.这项工作基本上完成了。3 .还有as +形容词或副词原级 + as1） not so/as - as.例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you他没你跑得快。2）当as- - as中间有名词时采用以下格式：as镂容词+ a +单数名词/；as + manymuch 铭词。例如：This is as good an example as t

26、he othe门蛆个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can你能搬多少纸，我也能。3）表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。（五）形容词最高级用法1. the +最高级+比较范围1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.撒哈拉沙漠

27、是世界上最大的沙 漠。说明形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常"。例 如：It is a most important problem. =lt is a very important problem.这是个彳艮重 要的问题。注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost例如： This hat

28、 is nearly / almost the biggest.这帽子差不多是最大的了。注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：Africa is the second largest continent非洲是第二大洲。3）最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.或者：Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容词最高级的特殊用法1 .形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the可以省略。例句：I think her plan

29、 is best.我认为她的计划最好。2 .形容词最高级还可和 at构成许多短语作状语，如 at best, at least, at mos等。 例句:I , II be with you at latest by ten我最迟十点钟就来陪你。【基础练习】()1 Your room is than mine.A. three time bigB. three times bigC. three times bigger D. bigger three times()2 When spring comes, it gets.A. warm and warmB. colder and colde

30、rC. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter()3 he read the book,he got in it.A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interestingC. The more; the more interestedD. More; more interested()4 I like one of the two books.A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older()5 Which do you like,

31、 tea or coffee?A. well B. better C. best D. most()6 This work is for me than for you.A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult()7 Who jumped of all?A. farB. farther C. farthest D. the most far()8 Li Lei is student in our class.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest()9 T

32、om is one of boys in our class.A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall()10 English is one of spoken in the world.A. the important languages B. the most important languagesC. most important language D. the most important language()11. Most of the woods been taken good care of.A. are B. is C.

33、has D. have()12 I'm not to lift the heavy box.A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough()13 Which is, Li Lei or Wu Tong?A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest()14 Do you have to tell us?A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ()15. Mo

34、st of the people in Guangdong are getting.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich四、副词的比较等级：(一)概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有 规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est;多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面加more 或most.。不规则的变化式只能采用 各个击破”的办法去记忆。1）规则变化原级比较级最高级s

35、oonsoonersoonestloudlouderloudestfastfasterfastestwidewiderwidestearlyearlierearliesthappilymore happilymost happilycarefullymore carefullymost carefully_|原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfarther （距离） further （程度）farthest furthestPlease stay at2）不规则变化（二）副词的比较级的用法1、单独

36、使用：Try to do better next time.下次争取干好一点。He' ll come back sooner。门ater 他迟早会回来的。Please speak more slowly.请讲慢一点。2、和than一起使用：He swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。Can you do any better than that?你能不能干的好一些？He arrived earlier than usual.他至 U 的比平时早。3、比较级前可有状语修饰：You must work much faster.你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can yo

37、u come overa bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗？4. as as not so as构这两个结构也可结合副词使用：1） asas可用在肯定句中，表示像一样”，后面的副词要用原级:She can run as fast as a dee她能跑的像鹿一样快。2）在否定句中，as - as口 soas都可以用：I don ' t go there as much as I used®在到那里不象过去那么多了。I didn ' t do as（so） well as I should做的不如我应做的那么好。3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状

38、语：She can read twice as fast as he does&阅读的速度比他快倍。（三）副词最高级的用法：副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词 the:He laughs best who laughs last.谚语）谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang （the） worst.我们四人中我唱的最差。（四）副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法：副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结 构或短语中。1） more and more 越来越 ：It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。She we

39、nt farther and farther away.她越走越远了。2） the more th more 越，越一：The more I work, the more I accomplish.我干得越多， 完成的就越多。3） had better 最好:We d better not disturb him.我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do?我们最好怎么办？英语中考考纲基础知识练习（形容词和副词）A卷选择填空：1 .Peter looked when he learned that he hadn' apecsaed the finA, sadly

40、B, sad C, happily D, happy2 .Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even.A, worse B, worst C, more bad D, more badly3 .Billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so!A, well B, badly C, nice D, pretty4 .The car stopped so that the bus behind almost ran into it.A, closely

41、 B, immediately C, suddenly D, soon5 .We must finish cleaning the office.A, as soon as possibleB, as quickly as soonC, as possible as soonD, as soon as possibly6 .What she said this time sounds.A, pleasantly B, nicely C, friendly D, truly7.I didn ' t work my brother when I was young.A, as hard a

42、s B, harder C, hardest D, hardly8.I ' m going to move. It ' s too noisy in our neighbourhood.A, somewhere quiet B, quiet somewhere C, anywhere D, quiet anywhere 9.Last year, 15 typhoons 台风）hit China and Khanun was.A, strong B, strongest C, stronger D, the strongest10.It ' s a good habit

43、to keep the classroom all the time.A, cleanly B, clearly C, clear D, clean11.When class was over, our maths teacher came intothe classroom and said, your seat. I have gotto announce.”A, nothing important B, important somethingC, important nothing D, something important12.In the exam, the you are, th

44、e mistakes you' II make.A, less careful, fewer B, more careful, less C, less careful, few D, more careful, fewer 13.What is joke you have ever heard?A, more funny B, the more funny C, the most funny D, the funniest 14.This kind of material feels silk.A, differently from B, the same to C, differe

45、nt as D, different from15.A recent survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan were among the five Olympicmascots吉祥物）.A, popular B, more popular C, most popular D, the most popular 16.A: Is there in today newspaper?B: Yes. Shenzhou VI has been sent up into space successfully.A, nothing new B, anything

46、newC, new nothingD, new anything1 7.Visitors in the orchard can eat as fruit as they want.A, many B, more C, much D, most18 .AII of us were very when we heard the news.A, excited, exciting B, excited, excited C, exciting, exciting D, exciting, excited19 .Eddie, my best frind Ben.A, is as high asB, w

47、orks as careful asC, doesn ' t sing as beau明团台 D, writes more better than20 .Tom never does his homework Alice. So he makes more mistakes.A, as carefully as B, so careful as C, less carefully than D, more careful than21 .Water pollution is one of in our country.A, serious problemB, the more seri

48、ous problemsC, most serious problemsD, the most serious problems22 .The pizza was too small, so she decided to look for to eat.A, large something B, something else C, something other D, other something23 .We are too tired and hungry. So our steps are getting.A, slow and slower B, slower and slowestC

49、, slower and slower D, more and more slowly24 .Most children in our kindergarten like to play with Barbie girls. They look so.A, nicely B, happily C, beautifully D, lovely25.In winter, Chinese students like to kick the Jianzi 选子）to keep themselves.A, warm B, warmly C, cold D, coldly26.In order to ke

50、ep healthy, you should eat fast food, fresh vegetablesand takeenough excises.A, fewer, fewer B, fewer, more C, less, more D, less, fewer27.Don ' Worry, My sister is to take care of little Betty.A, enough carefully B, enough careful C, carefully enough D, careful enough28.Of all the students in o

51、ur class, Jack is.A, taller B, tallest C, the tallest D, very tall29.In order to get full marks, Tim always does his lessons very.A, more carefully B, most carefully C, much carefully D, carefully30.A: Is there in today ' s newspaper?B, Yes. It says that President Hu Jintao has reached Washingto

52、n.A, anything importantB, any important thingC, important anythingD, any thing important词性变换：1.1 don ' t like him and it would be of me to do the opposite, (honest)2.Our holidays in Thailand were really and unforgettable, (enjoy)3 .The government is doing everything possible to help those people

53、 after theearthquake. (home)4 .Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard. (clear)5 .The war made millions of people. (home)6 .What is the most animal in the forest? (power)7.It is to travel by train than by air. (cheap)8.It is for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so

54、slow, (possible)9., over 28,000 civilians (TM) lost their lives during the three-year war in Iraq, (sad)10.1 feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining outside, (heavy)11.Jack is such a fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office,(forget)12.lt is not to eat food with Sudan I 苏丹红 1

55、 #). (safely)13 .Lily is enough to get the prize in the 2006 Shanghai Junior High SchoolEnglish Contest. (luck)14 .We" d better drive our cars on rainy days, (slow)15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they foundsomething at once. (usual)B卷1.1 m shortsighte

56、d and I can't see the words onthenotice board.A, clear B, clearly C, carefullyD,good2 .Jean works hard bdi she doesn ' twork Mary.A, as harder than B, as hard than C,as harder as D,as hard as3 .This is book in our library.A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, more interesting4 .Do you think maths is important than English?A, very B, as C, more D, quite5 .They got a Christmas tree and it was ours.A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as6 .Tom failed in the exam. He looked.A, ha