四字结构的翻译

1、四字结构的运用v“四字格”词组，是广义的概念，包括成语和非成语。v从内容上讲，“四字格”词组言简意赅；v从形式上讲，它整齐均称；v从语音上讲，它顺口悦耳。v“四字格”在译文中如果运用得当，不但使译文大为增色，而且能发挥“锦上添花”的作用。一使用“四字格”词组的语言优势v1. 有助于笔墨经济，以少胜多v“四字格”词组是经过反复锤炼、相沿习用而成型的。寥寥四字，言简意赅。在忠实于在忠实于原文的内容和风格的前提下原文的内容和风格的前提下，恰当采用，译文就显得凝炼、贴切，具有高度的概括力。v1 Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingl

2、y restless. 过去几周，她越来越过去几周，她越来越六神无主六神无主。v2 Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man. 科学的探索，知识的追求，使人类获得了避科学的探索，知识的追求，使人类获得了避免免天灾人祸天灾人祸的实力。的实力。v2. 有助于译文通顺流畅，雅俗交融v

3、现代翻译学认为，译文与原文在意义上应动态对应，不要形式对等。因此，从原文的深层意义出发，英语句中的单词、短语。 习语，甚至整句，都可译成相应的汉语四字词组。因此，根据上下文的内在联系和关联，由表及里，恰当运用“四字格”，就能收到良好的效果。v1 He was canny, openhanded, brisk, candid, and modest. 他为人聪明大方，生气勃勃，忠厚耿直，谦虚谨慎。v2 Since modern Western culture is highly diverse, something that has faded completely from one segme

4、nt of a society can still flourish in another.v鉴于现代西方文化千差万别千差万别，有些事物在某个社会的一部分地区已经完全销声匿迹销声匿迹，而在另一部分地区可能仍然方兴未艾方兴未艾。v3. 有助于译文生动活泼，形象鲜明v1 You may have read stories in which the hero gets into his spaceship and “blasts off” into the outer reaches of space without a worry about fuel. 你大概读过这样一些故事吧。它们描写一位你大

5、概读过这样一些故事吧。它们描写一位英雄坐上飞船，英雄坐上飞船，“风驰电掣风驰电掣”，直冲，直冲九霄云九霄云外外，毋须为燃料担心发愁。，毋须为燃料担心发愁。v2The girls arrayed themselves in their finest clothesv这些姑娘打扮得花枝招展。 4. 提高译文语言的整齐均称和韵律感v1 But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨满城风雨，人人皆知人人皆知了。了。v2 The two theories vary, but they are c

6、ompossible.v这两种理论虽然各有千秋，但它们是并行不悼的。v3 If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人多数人兴高采烈兴高采烈之日，却是少数人之日，却是少数人伤心失意伤心失意之时。之时。v5）切忌盲目追求词藻华丽而超出“信”的范围v1 This aircraft is small, cheap, pilotless.v原译：这种飞机小巧玲珑，价廉物美，无人驾驶。v改译：这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人改译：这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。驾驶。（一）使

7、用四字格翻译原句中的英语单词 v英语中许多单个的单词在译 成汉语时，都可以用四字格来进行翻译，如：vBargain讨价还价；gratitude感恩戴德；ingratitude忘恩负义；prosperity繁荣昌盛；等等。v如照字面意思翻译，虽然也能把原句的内容 翻译出来，但是往往会失去原句的风采和气势，变得平淡无奇、索然无味。所以，有时译者如果尝试使用四字格来进行翻译，反而会使译文更加形象鲜明、生动感 人。1.She was always hurried during the day and tired at night.v她白天总是匆匆忙忙，晚上就她白天总是匆匆忙忙，晚上就疲惫不堪疲惫不堪。

8、2. Everyones life should have room for such loves. 每个人的生活都应该为这种爱留下每个人的生活都应该为这种爱留下一席之地一席之地。3. His success in this field has pushed his forerunners point into the background. 他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的论点他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的论点黯然失色黯然失色。4. A minute later the head of John was handed to the frightened Salome. 不大会儿，约翰的首级就交给了

9、不大会儿，约翰的首级就交给了魂飞魄散魂飞魄散的莎乐美。的莎乐美。5. Love is a climatea climate of the heart. 爱的情感是一种气氛爱的情感是一种气氛-一种一种心心相印心心相印的气氛。的气氛。6. But they were overwhelmed at last. 可是到后来可是到后来寡不敌众寡不敌众，直败下来。，直败下来。7. Nixon was pleased by the distinction, but not overwhelmed. 尼克松对这种破格的礼遇感到高兴，但并没有尼克松对这种破格的礼遇感到高兴，但并没有喜出喜出望外望外。（二）使用四

10、字格翻译原句的英语词组、短语 vbright in color 色彩鲜艳；色彩鲜艳； with a long standing reputation 久负盛名；久负盛名； have never met 素不相识；素不相识； a world of difference 天壤之别；天壤之别； great contribution丰功伟绩；丰功伟绩；fine words花言巧语等等。花言巧语等等。v1 They wisely kept their own counsel and did not express their opinion too loudly. 他们他们明哲保身明哲保身，决不大声发表

11、议论。，决不大声发表议论。v2 Dont believe about him for he is only a sugar coated. 不要相信他，因他只是一个不要相信他，因他只是一个口蜜腹剑口蜜腹剑的人。的人。v3 Why do you love to find fault with someone? It seems that the only person who is always right is yourself.v你为什么总爱你为什么总爱吹毛求疵吹毛求疵，你以为唯一对的人，你以为唯一对的人便是你自己。便是你自己。v4 He went through fire and floo

12、d to save his mother. 他他赴汤蹈火赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲。去救他的母亲。v5 You have a lucky star above you. 你真是你真是福星高照福星高照。v6 She is now between the devil and the deep sea on this matter. 她在这个问题上真是她在这个问题上真是进退维谷进退维谷。v（2）同一个词组可有多种译法v1 He was on tenterhooks of expectations during our conversation. 在我们谈话时，他因有所期待而在我们谈话时，他因有所期待而如坐

13、针毡如坐针毡。v2 I found him on tenterhooks when he was waiting for his girlfriend. 我发现他在等女朋友时显得我发现他在等女朋友时显得局促不安局促不安。v3 His parents were on tenterhooks all the time until they got his letter. 他的父母在收到他的信前，一直是那样的他的父母在收到他的信前，一直是那样的心心烦意乱。烦意乱。（3）原文的中性成语有时译成带有褒贬含义的成语v1 Yesterday he received a letter from his sis

14、ter about whom there had been no news whatsoever. It was like a bolt from the blue.v昨天他收到他姐姐一封信，原来他姐姐一直杳无音昨天他收到他姐姐一封信，原来他姐姐一直杳无音信，这真是喜出望外。信，这真是喜出望外。v评析：评析：a bolt from the blue 含有晴天霹雳之意，含有晴天霹雳之意，但汉语这一成语一般与坏事相连，故译成但汉语这一成语一般与坏事相连，故译成“喜出望喜出望外外”，有褒意。），有褒意。）v2 For the first time Nora saw her husband for w

15、hat he wasa selfish, pretentious hypocrite with no regard for her position in the matter.v这是娜拉有生以来第一次认清了丈夫的真面目：原这是娜拉有生以来第一次认清了丈夫的真面目：原来他是一个道貌岸然、自私自利的伪君子，在这个来他是一个道貌岸然、自私自利的伪君子，在这个问题上根本不把她的处境放在心上。问题上根本不把她的处境放在心上。v评析：what he was 注意不要译成“庐山真面目”。v War and Remembrance By Herman Wouk (An Excerpt)vHere in Ca

16、iro people are still rattled by the closeness of Rommel, but encouraged by your planes, tanks, and trucks pouring to our Eighth Army via the Cape of Good Hope, and on direct convoy past Malta. Talky has it straight from ChurchillWinnie flashed through here twice this month, raising a cloud of bloody

17、 nonsensical troublethat all this is a drop in the bucket compared the Niagara of equipment that you re flooding to the Russians. When or how your countrymen produce all this, I dont know. Your country baffles me:va luxurious unharmed lotus land in which great hordes of handsome dynamic people eithe

18、r wallow in deep gloom, or play like overexcited children, or fall to work like all the devils in hell, while the press steadily drones detestation of the government and despair of the system. I dont understand how America works, any more than Frances Trollope or Dickens did, but its an ongoing mira

19、cle of sorts.vIn London things are as bad. The repair of the blitz devastation goes sluggishly. People drag themselves through the rubble in sticky weather on dwindling rations. vThings are less scary now. Some of the skedaddlers are sheepishly drifting back, but the more prudent ones are staying wher