贝奥武夫详解

1、BeowulfIntroducing the EpicLiterary Focus: The Epic HeroThe Poetry of Beowulf: Caesuras, Alliteration, and KenningsFeature MenuBeowulf the first great work of English national literature. the epic story of the hero Beowulf, who fights the demonic monster Grendel. Beowulf isBeowulfIntroducing the Epi

2、cBeowulfIntroducing the EpicBeowulf: nephew of Higlac, king of the Geats.Hrothgar: king of the Danes.Wiglaf: a Geat warrior, one of Beowulfs select band and the only one to help him in his final fight with the dragon.PeopleBeowulfIntroducing the EpicGrendel: man-eating monster who lives at the botto

3、m of a foul mere, or mountain lake.MonstersGrendels mother: water-witch who seeks revenge.Dragon: giant fire-breathing serpent whom Beowulf fights in Part Two of the epic.Beowulf takes place in Scandinavia.PlacesScholars think Herot might have been built on the coast of Zealand, in Denmark.Scandinav

4、iaBritainBeowulfIntroducing the EpicPlacesHerot: the golden guest hall built by King Hrothgar where warriors gathered to celebrate.End of SectionBeowulfIntroducing the EpicThe epic hero is the central figure in a long narrative that reflects the values and heroic ideals of a particular society. An e

5、pic is a quest story on a grand scale.BeowulfLiterary Focus: The Epic HeroBeowulfLiterary Focus: The Epic HeroBeowulf is one of ancient Englands heroes.King ArthurJoan of ArcOther times and other cultures have had other heroes.In modern America, the hero may be a real person or a fictional character

6、. BeowulfLiterary Focus: The Epic HeroEnd of SectionBeowulf was composed in Old English, which uses a caesura, or rhythmic pause, to create unity. a com of more under misthleoum Grendel gongan, godes yrre br; mynte se manscaa manna cynnes sumne besyrwan in sele am hean. Line divided into two parts b

7、y a caesura.Locate the caesura in these lines: BeowulfThe Poetry of BeowulfHere are the same lines in modern English from Burton Raffels translation:Out from the marsh, from the foot of mistyHills and bogs, bearing Gods hatred,Grendel came, hoping to killAnyone he could trap on this trip to high Her

8、ot.Punctuation reproduces pause effect of the caesura.BeowulfThe Poetry of BeowulfThe Anglo-Saxon oral poet also used the poetic device of alliteration.Grendel gongan, godes yrre br; mynte se manscaa manna cynnes BeowulfThe Poetry of BeowulfAlliteration: the repetition of consonant sounds in words c

9、lose together.The emphasis on the w sound in this line from Shakespeares Sonnet 30 creates a melancholy tone.And with old woes new wail my dear times waste.BeowulfThe Poetry of BeowulfFind examples of alliteration in Burton Raffels translation of lines 1-5: Out from the marsh, from the foot of misty

10、Hills and bogs, bearing Gods hatred,Grendel came, hoping to killAnyone he could trap on this trip to high Herot.BeowulfThe Poetry of BeowulfFind examples of alliteration in Burton Raffels translation of lines 1-5: Out from the marsh, from the foot of mistyHills and bogs, bearing Gods hatred,Grendel

11、came, hoping to killAnyone he could trap on this trip to high Herot.BeowulfThe Poetry of BeowulfThe kenning is another poetic device that was used by the oral poet.Examples of kennings from Beowulf:gold-shining hall= Herotguardian of crime = Grendelstrong-hearted wakeful sleeper = Beowulfcave-guard

12、and sky-borne foe = dragonBeowulfThe Poetry of Beowulfswan-road, whale-path都是sea的意思，都是kenning metonymy 转喻，借代 如drink the warm south是喝酒的意思，英国南方气候湿润，盛产葡萄，所以warm south代指酒，酒的特点和南方的特点之间的联系体会一下 再一个，lobsters代指美国士兵，因为美国士兵的脸是红色的Kenning: a metaphorical phrase or compound word used to name a person, place, thin

13、g, or event indirectly. A kenning enhances the literal meaning of the words. A kenning gives the listener an idea of how the words connect to an idea or concept that is richer and more emotionally complex.BeowulfThe Poetry of BeowulfCreate modern-day kennings for things you see around you. giver of

14、wordsword-wand?End of SectionBeowulfThe Poetry of BeowulfBeowulf is an oralepic passed from bard to bard.Harpist-bards told the familiar story for audiences in the communal halls at night. Reconstructed Anglo-Saxon village in West Stow, England, with communal hall on the left. Written down between 7

15、00 and 750. BeowulfBackgroundWho wrote it down? scenery described resembles Northumbria (northeastern England)Theory:The poet who wrote Beowulf down may have been a Northumbrian monk.Evidence: Christian elements in epicEnd of SectionBeowulfBackgroundQuickwriteMake the ConnectionWrite about a contemp

16、orary hero, real or fictional, and the challenges he or she faces. Describe your hero, and then briefly analyze him or her using these questions:What sort of evil or oppression does your hero confront?Why does he or she confront evil? Whats the motivation?For whom does your hero confront evil?What v

17、irtues does your hero represent?End of SectionBeowulfQuickwriteVocabularyPreviewing the Vocabularyresolute adj.: determined.vehemently adv.: violentlyinfallible adj.: unable to fail or be wrongfurled v.: rolled up.lavish adj.: extravagantassail v.: attackextolled v.: praisedBeowulfVocabularyWhich Wordis often used in reference to a flag?_describes someone who is stubborn?_describes how someone might argue about a subject he or she feels strongly about?_is a synonym for praised? _describes so