2018版高考英语二轮(专用)训练题：篇章结构题

1、专题限时集训（七）阅读理解训练 7 篇章结构题（对应学生用书第 147 页）A【导学号：38144032】（2017 浙江考前联考）Europe was once a mixture of Lat in -derived （起源于拉丁语的）dialects that gradually, over thecenturies, changed into a few separate Ianguages French, Portuguese Spa ni sh, Italia n. Whathappe ned in France Portugal and Spa in was an organic

2、 evolution: the dialect of the most prominentcity gradually became the accepted Ian guage of the whole regi on. The stron gest city determ ined theIan guage of the whole coun try.Italy was differe nt.lt did nt get itself un ited un til 1861 and un til the n was a land of warring city-states ruled by

3、 proud local princes or other European powers.So its not surpris ing that, for cen turies,Italia ns wrote and spoke in local dialects that were not possible for each other to un dersta nd.In the sixtee nth cen tury, some Italia ns got together and decided that this was absurd and Italyneeded an Ital

4、ian Ianguage at least a shared written Ianguage to remove com muni cati on obstacles.Sothis gatheri ng han cpicked the most beautiful of all the local dialects and crowned it Italian.What theydecided was the personal Ianguage of the great poet Dante Alighieri.It was in this“ sweet newstyle ” of dtha

5、t his masterpiece Di vine Comedy 神曲）, which was published in 1321, was written.It shocked theliterature world that it was not written in Latin.Dan tes masterpiece helped shape Italia n , affecti ng it as pers on ally as Shakespeare wouldsomeday affect En glish.For a group of n atio nalists much late

6、r in history to have sat down and decidedthat Dantes Italian would now be the official Ian guage of Italy would be very much as if a group ofOxford teachers had sat dow n one day in the early nineteenth century and decided tha from this pointforward everybody in En gla nd was going to speak pure Sha

7、kespeare.A nd it actually worked.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了意大利语的起源。1 . The underlined word “ prominent in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA . comfortableB. beautifulC. importantD. ancientC考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的The strongest city determined theIanguage of the whole count$可知,最重要的城市的方言逐渐变成被整个地区认 可的语言，画线词表示“重要的”，所以选 C 项

8、。2. What can we learn about Italy from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 ?A. A national Italian Ianguage was in need as people hated wars.B. There was no written Ianguage in Italy before the 16th century.C. Some Italia ns had the great poet Dan te create the nati onal Italia n Ian guage.D. Literature work

9、s were supposed to be written in Latin before the 14th cen tury.D 考查推理判断。根据第二段内容以及第三段中的 “ shocked the literature world that it was notwritten in Latin ”可推知，当时如果作品不是用拉丁语写的话 ， 人们会感到非常震惊。由此可推知 14世纪前的作品普遍都是用拉丁语写的，故 选 D 项。3. How is the passage developed?A . By analysing effects.B. By making comparis ons.

10、C . By offeri ng descripti ons.D . By telling a story.B考查文章结构。通读全文可知，文章中作者多次通过对比的方式，如意 大利语与拉丁语的比较，但丁的神曲与莎士比亚作品的比较，来构建全文框 架，所以选 B 项。B（2017 浙江金丽衢十二校联考二）Tech no logy activists are appeali ng to tech compa nies and their leaders to build a future in whichthe effect of machinery on humans is lessened.Rob

11、ots now are doing more work than everbefore.Lasers are being used to cut cloth at factories，while drone aircraft water crops.So some workershave long feared that machines arecoming to take away their jobs.Tim OReilly , the head of a tech no logy advisory service says it is importa nt for people and

12、machines to work together.He says most computer software depe ndso n human beings to keep it operating.“ Its so important that we have to think about not using tech no logy to replace people but to augmentthem, to do somethi ng that was previously impossible, ” OReilly said.He spoke last week at the

13、conference in Ho Chi Minh City , in Vietnam, Asia.With more skills , people can work with machines OReilly noted.For example, the ride-sharingcompanies Lyft and Uber use software designed to help human drivers.Most large airpla nes are nowflow n by computers.But passe ngers will likely always want a

14、 huma n pilot on the pla ne.OReilly said the world needs people.He told the conferences delegates that all of you, in somesense are in side the In ternet.If you go away it stops work ing.l ts not like a piece of software in the PCera where if you had a copy of Microsoft Win dows running on your pers

15、onal computer, it would keeprunning without the original programmers.Almost all of the software we depe nd on today is a servicethat depe nds on the work of people like you.”While some experts believe robots will help in the future , others are worried .In 2015 theconsulting service McKinsey & C

16、ompany said machines will someday perform 45 perce nt of the jobshuma ns now do.That may be why many tech no logy experts support the idea of universal guaranteedearnings.Under the plan , a small monthly payment would be made to each person even if they do notwork.Many delegates at the conference su

17、pport tech no logy and the cha ngesit will bring.But many arealso starting to think about its effect on humans and how to help people live in a world where machi nesdo so much work.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们对科技发展的不同观点。4. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?tpB.C.a/D.A考查篇章结构。根

18、据全文可知，第一段阐述了现状一一科技发展影响人 们就业，引出主题；第二至五段分别阐述了人们对此的不同观点，其中第二至四段是人们对科技发展的正面评价，第五段是负面评价；最后一段又是对全文的总结。故选 Ao5 . Which of the followingis the closest in meaning to the underlinedword “ augment” in Para.2?A . to take the place ofB.to in crease the role ofC. to make a big differenee toD. to turn a blind eye t

19、oB 考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的 “ we have to think about not using tech nology to replace people but to augment them， to do somethi ng that was previouslyimpossible 可知，文中前后表达了转折关系 ，augment 与 replace 的意思应是相反的 ， 又由fb do something that was previously impossible”可推知，此处应指增强人类的作用。6. We can probably find this passage in

20、_.A . a fashion magazineB. a travel journalC. a tech no logy report D. an admissi on guideC 考查文章出处。根据文章第一段和第二段中的He spoke last week at theconference以及最后一段的 Many delegates at the conference 可知， 文章很 可能来自科技大会中有关科技的报告。C【导学号：38144033】（2016 北京高考）Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a

21、 time for importa nt growth in aut onomy （自主性）and the development of adult identity.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolesce nee duri ng which many of todays stude nts are not shoulderedwith adult resp on sibilities.For previous generations college was a decisive break from paren

22、tal contro；guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.Inthe past two decadeshowever, continued conn ecti on with and depe ndence on familythanks to cell phones, email and social media, have in creased sig ni fica ntly.Some parents go so far as to help with course

23、work .In stead of promoti ng the idea of college as apassagefrom the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universitieshave given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of thehome.To prepare for in creased aut onomy and resp on sibility college n e

24、eds to be a timeof exploration and experimentation.This process invoIves “tryingon” new ways of thinking about on eself both in tellectually （在思维方面）and pers on ally.While we shouldprovide “ safe spaces ” with in ,coilegmast also make it safe to express opinions andchalle nge majority views .In telle

25、ctual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debateand questi oning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.Because a collegecommunity （群体）differs from the family , many students will struggle to find a sense ofbelonging.lf students rely on administrators to regulate their

26、 social behavior and thinkingpattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger andcomplex com mun ity.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runsup against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being con trolled

27、 bytheir elders .If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defi ned （ 规定） and con trolled,the insen sitive or aggressive behavior that adm ini strators are seek ing to minimize mayactually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out , particularly when thereare r

28、easons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of n ational emerge ncy.What is lack ing today is the con flict betwee n adolesce nts desire foraut onomy and their un dersta nding of an un safe world.Thereforethere is the desire fortheir dorms to be replacement homes and not

29、 places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behaviorshould in clude recog niti on of the developme ntal importa nce of stude nt aut onomy andself- regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and sediscovery.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。大学生

30、走出了家门，还没有进入社会，因此他们的大学时期应该是从受家庭庇护到拥有自主性和承担起成年人的职责的一 个过渡时期。但是随着手机等社交传媒的应用，大学生依旧受到家庭的管制和庇 护。作者针对这一问题发表了自己的看法，探讨了校方应该如何处理。7. Whats the authors attitude toward con ti nued pare ntal guida nee to college students?A . Sympathetic. B. Disapproving.C. Supportive. D. Neutral.B 考查推理判断。第一段中作者提到大学期间应该让学生培养自主性，让他们向成年人的身份转变，但是如今的大学生没有肩负起成年人的职责； 第二段中作者分析了原因，指出这是因为家长在孩子读大学之后还通过手 机、邮件等方式帮助上大学的子女，结果，大学就成了与家庭一样的环境。 由此可推知，作者对于这种现象是不赞成的，故选 B 项。8. The underlined