尤利西斯人物形象分析

1、上海应用技术学院毕业论文院 系 名 称：外国语学院 论 文 题 目： 浅析尤利西斯主要人物形象 指导教师（职称）： 学 生 姓 名： 专 业 班 级： 开 始 日 期： 结 束 日 期： Shanghai Institute of TechnologyAn Analysis on the Main Characters in UlyssesSubmitted to the School of Foreign LanguagesIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsBy Under

2、 the Supervision of Associate Prof. Wang Min & Associate Prof. Yan ZiFrom November 5, 20 to June 27, 20Acknowledgments I would like to thank all the teachers and friends, who have helped me during these four years, especially my tutor? , who is very patient and kind to me. Since the first year i

3、n, Professor ? has taught us not only much knowledge, but also critical thinking and independent learning and living attitude, which influence me a lot. Last but not the least, I would like to present especial thanks to my family, who have been loving and supporting me for these years. During these

4、four years in Zhongshan, thanks to the open and encouraging academic atmosphere, I learned not only a lot from books, but also teamwork spirits and continuous self-improvement. I am very proud to be a graduate from Zhongshan University. In the future, I will try my best to contribute myself to the c

5、onstruction of Jinan University and our society. AbstractUlysses is a classic work as well as a great novel of stream of consciousness. When James Joyce persists in tracing back to the source of the truth, he turns eye to the common persons and little persons when the truth he pursues after could no

6、t be perfectly reflected with the writing technique in traditional novels, therefore, the value of traditional characters has been converted. During the course of developing the characters, the author abandons the ossified writing method for characters. Instead, he advocates the writing regulation o

7、f Flaubert, which pointed out an author should stand out from his work when he is composing. He believes that writing skills of naturalist should be largely advocated and adopted in the writings. He explores Characters inner world with the theory of Bogsons instinctism as well as Psychological time

8、concept, and further to enable themselves be the dynamic attendants in the works of modernistic context. In the work of Ulysses, humans real nature and real inner world are fully demonstrated with the consciousness stream, which builds a group of unique three-dimensional images-a group of natural pe

9、rsons. Three main characters, Bloom, Molly and Stephen who have different characteristics and represent different things. Bloom represents mediocre persons in city, Molly represents romantic and frivolous modern city woman and Stephen represent someone who are seeking for dream but confused for futu

10、re. They are just seem an invisible mirror in an era, and they are full of moral paralyses and have been badly dissimulated, and are reflected mercilessly in front of the truth of nature circumstance.Key Words: Ulysses; James Joyce ;Natural persons; Characters摘要:尤利西斯是一部不朽的伟大的意识流小说。由于乔伊斯执着于对“真”的追根溯源，

11、 在传统小说人物创作手法以及所塑造的人物形象无法直达所追求的真时，他将触觉转向平凡生活中的平凡的人和事，从而转变了传统的人物价值取向。在人物创作上，他摒弃了古典主义僵化教条的创作手法，主张采用自然主义的描写手法，吸收柏格森直觉主义，心理时间观理论向人物内部探索，让人物成为现代主义语境下参与者，展现出最真实的人性以及人物意识中所折射的世界。从而创造出了特殊三维立体人物“自然人”。布鲁斯，莫莉及斯蒂芬三个自然人形象被赋予不同代表性和意义。通过分析三个自然人的性格特点与象征意义，用一面无形的镜子用他们自然状态下“真”客观无情的折射出道德瘫痪，严重异化的时代和现代人的精神荒原。也宣告而现代英国小说人物

12、的转型。关键词：尤利西斯；詹姆斯.乔伊斯；自然人；形象；CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsiAbstractii摘要iii1 Introduction12 Background and Author42.1 On the Work of Ulysses42.2 “Natural Persons” Image and Characteristics -Transition in the Modern Novel42.3 Anxiety of Joyce62.4 Definition and Overview of “ Natural Persons”63 Analysis of Th

13、ree Major Characters in Ulysses83.1 Bloom -“ An Integral Modern Man” under Joyce Angle of View93.1.1 An Ordinary and Integral Big Nobody93.1.2 A Sacred Nobody113.1.3 A Lonely Man123.2 Molly-“A Modern Woman with Naturalness Nature153.2.1 A Female Revolutionist under Traditional Moralit173.2.2 A Mothe

14、r of Land183.3 Stephen - Joyces Self-expression to the Era194 Conclusion22Bibliography231 IntroductionModern British woman writer Virginia Woolf ever clearly pointed out that“I believe, the characters are being demonstrated in all the novels. The novel can be developed just because it is demonstrati

15、ng the characters not preaching,singing praises or eulogizing the glory of the British Empire.(Li Weiping, 2005：86) This sentence not only reflects Woolfs understanding to the novel but also reveals the artistic nature of novel with characters describing as the majority. As a result, characters play

16、 an essential part in the whole novel and the author usually attempts to disclose the theme through shaping characters.The readers can differentiate and analyze the characters though their language, appearance, dress, characteristics and stories, however, there are some other characters who could no

17、t be differentiated clearly by eyes or ears but by inner world. These kinds of characters are these ones in the stream-consciousness novel represented by the work “Ulysses”. These characters created in Ulysses by Joyce are full of controversies initially but have an unusual charm. Joyce also has a m

18、irror reflecting the nature, but what is different from Shakespeare is that his mirror reflects the nature more comprehensively and profound. It is not hard for us to find that Joyce was always affected by Classicism , and some other Naturalism representatives such as Flaubert,Ibsen and Zola. He par

19、ticularly recommended Ibsens “New Drama” and Shakespeare also made him feel a kind of “dip-dye” pain, all of which have been reflected in his Aesthetics. Joyce thought the beauty is true beauty and authenticity is the nature, and the nature is humanity.“authenticity” is regarded as the fundamental p

20、rinciple of art as well as premise for beauty appreciation. Meanwhile, Joyce also advocated that the art should pursue the lowest level of life.(Yangjian, 2005：73) In addition, Joyce also emphasized “ Humanity”, “authenticity” and “ Humanity” are the two aspects of art. He thought characters life sh

21、ould be recorded by copying the origins of the fact further to disclose the authenticity of human.At the beginning of 20th century, peoples spiritual world was destructed by war. The way of creating characters and the character images shaped in the traditional art have failed to meet peoples inner w

22、orld, which shows a real phenomenon of social vacuity and indifference. But Joyce persisted in pursuing the origins of “authenticity” , and then he turned the goals at the common people and story in common life, further changed traditional characters value orientation. In creation of characters,he a

23、bandoned the rigid and dogmatic approaches of traditional classicism and acknowledged Flauberts creating rules and he adopted creation way of “naturalism” and absorbed Bergsons intuitionalism and psychological time theories, explore peoples inner world and enabled the characters in the work to be an

24、 active participant under modernism context in the novel, showing an authentic humanity and a world reflected from characters consciousnesses and creating a group of distinctive dimensional characters.Joyce adopted “sojourned-based” strategy to sojourn the general outline of the novel into the Homer

25、s Epic poems and contrasted the novels characters to Odysseuss characters one by one, Bloom, Mollie and Stephen three characters are respectively endowed with different representatives and significance. He endeared to reflect the authentic humanity and disclosed their real inner world through three

26、characters consciences, meanwhile, he conveyed his solemn consideration to the traditional patriarchal society as well as equal relationship between man and woman. “Controversy”“Challenging”are the key words in Joyce classic states and he ever said “in this book(Ulysses) I set several mazes which wi

27、ll push these scholars to debate my original intention”.(Yangjian, 2005：73)He also make a joke that “this is the only way that make my work classic”.(Yangjian,2005：73). From the point of view of Joyce, one work only can have a great significance in the process of continuous disputes and dialogues.He

28、 thought an ideal reader should spend his entire life to read his work, therefore, all the people in the world are discussing “Bloom” and they dont have the final answer, which is the result that Joyce intended to achieve. “Bloom” left an impression to us as a vertical charming character with modern

29、ism spirit, we can find Joyce is a man who breaks down idols, suspects everything and has a solemn consideration on the tradition, it is the “Ulysses” this work full of “controversy” and “openness” that started Deconstructionism.” Derrida ever commented Joyce that there would be no Deconstructionism

30、 without Joyce.( Li Yongyi,2007:16)2 Background and Author2.1 On the Work of UlyssesUlysses is a modernist novel by Irish writer James Joyce. It was first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety by Sylvia Beac

31、h in February 1922, in Paris. It is considered to be one of the most important works of modernist literature,Harte,Tim,2001：23and has been called "a demonstration and summation of the entire movement".Beebe, Maurice,1972:88 According to Declan Kiberd, "Before Joyce, no writer of ficti

32、on had so foregrounded the process of thinking.": Ulysses chronicles the peripatetic appointments and encounters of Leopold Bloom in Dublin in the course of an ordinary day, 16 June 1904. Ulysses is the Latinised name of Odysseus, the hero of Homer's epic poem Odyssey, and the novel establi

33、shes a series of parallels between the poem and the novel, with structural correspondences between the characters and experiences of Leopold Bloom and Odysseus, Molly Bloom and Penelope, and Stephen Dedalus and Telemachus, in addition to events and themes of the early twentieth century context of mo

34、dernism, Dublin, and Ireland's relationship to Britain. The novel imitates registers of centuries of English literature and is highly allusive.Ulysses is approximately 265,000 words in length and is divided into eighteen episodes. Since publication, the book has attracted controversy and scrutin

35、y, ranging from early obscenity trials to protracted textual "Joyce Wars". Ulysses' stream-of-consciousness technique, careful structuring, and experimental prose full of puns, parodies, and allusions as well as its rich characterisation and broad humour, made the book a highly regarde

36、d novel in the modernist pantheon. Joyce fans worldwide now celebrate 16 June as Bloomsday.2.2 “Natural Persons” Image and Characteristics -Transition in the Modern NovelIn the 20th century , an intense change took place in the whole western world as the world war was the unprecedented disaster in h

37、uman history, which destructed humans material civilization and spiritual world, as well as the original value system, further to largely deepen western peoples awareness of risk and made people stuck in an unprecedented risk. After experiencing development and prosperity stage, British realism nove

38、l started to get stuck in the dilemma, because shortage of theory and innovation spirit made the novelists just confined to the conventional innovation method, which could not fit the contemporary environment and could not profoundly reflect peoples spiritual world. Modernism novelists thought that

39、there is not theoretical innovation in the traditional novel and traditional novel could not reflect the peoples real mind, therefore, it only can stay at the stage of depicting characters external world, Virginia Woolf ever said that, as for us, these rules and regulations imply destruction and dea

40、th.(.(Li Weiping,2005：92) James, Wolff and Joyce these writers have found the degradation and rigidity of the traditional novels, and character creation and depiction technique reflect these shortages most. The traditional novels were faced with at least three crisis including characters value, char

41、acters image and character depiction art. On the aspects of characters value crisis, at the beginning of 20th century. A consensus has been made in the terms realization of authors of traditional novel,readers and whole the society towards characters value in the novel. Most of characters in the nov

42、el were these people who had social status or great achievement or extraordinary experiences, this kind of value criteria has been suspected by the modernism novelists at the beginning of 20th century because they did not conform to the value of traditional character ideas, but built the characters

43、according to their individual value orientation. They thought a common people was worth attention as well and they also have the value of character. As a result, modernism writer transfer the creation objective from huge hero to common people. On the aspect of characters image crisis, the world has

44、changed and humanity changed as well. So peoples value orientation to the characters value in the novel also changed.The characters image in the traditional novel started to fall into a rut. Although heros image still dominated the social mainstream, it could not suit the contemporary social situati

45、on. On the crisis of character depiction, the traditional novel mainly reflected typical character through typical environment and character personality development push forward the story of novel. It put the time as the center line and depicted characters experience and characteristics. The traditi

46、onal novelist could not reflect peoples conscientious activity and inner truth, while they are good at depicting characters status in the society and moral behavior.Moreover, although the traditional novel has put the reality as its mirror , the truth or authentic it pointed are still the “truth” in

47、 the traditional eye. But this “truth” has been displayed at maximum in the previous works and they just fully showed the basis theme in the social experience and human activity while could not reflect the characters real inner world. From the point of view of Wolff and Joyce, the novel should grasp

48、 the soul of character rather than external reality.2.3 Joyces Anxiety “Without Shakespeare, Joyce could never feel the pain of immerse,only Shakespeare could arouse this kind of feeling in his heart” Shakespeare has unprecedentedly extensive and abundant knowledge that no one could not reach. No on

49、e writers could create such language and characters as rich as he does, his works represent the classic creation and he set up the standard and limitation in literature creation. Shakespeare is the center of classic symbol.From the points of view of Joyce, so called classic should hold the property

50、of challenging, uniqueness, profoundness, controversy and perfection. Affected by 19th centurys freedom-ism and non-governmental thought, Joyce opposed the worship of idols, and he extremely appreciated the attitude of Jeposons neglecting the acknowledged classic art, he ever stated in public that o

51、ne real artist should focus on his distinction from others, which plays an imperative role in his creation in such crisis period of time.He greatly praised the “New drama” proposed by Yeposen, and thought these ancient Greece drama has been totally outdated, which just had the teaching significance

52、to the following generation. On the works of Shakespeare, Joyce also indifferently commented they have been died as well. But we could find that there are still exiting shadows in his work and he took an adventure in the form of creation.2.4 Definition and Overview of “ Natural Persons”Deeply influe

53、nced by Classicism，Ulysses structure totally conforms to the principles of western classicism drama，the story happened in a city for one day, the three characters appeared in the drama alternatively. Meanwhile, Joyce authenticity combined with Classicism truth perfectly. As Classicism believed that

54、authenticity is just beauty, authenticity is the nature. So called nature neither refers to the landscape of nature nor the objective reality world, it just reflects “ general rules”in the thing and “ common emotion” in human, especially it means the “humanity” acknowledged commonly against rational

55、ism, that is “nature is humanity”, imitate humanity is to imitate nature. Joyce thought the literature should be the life,because he is not able to get used to his finding that there is a distinction between literature and life. The authenticity he believed is peoples daily true living state and rea

56、l ideas. Therefore we can define the meaning of Joyces nature in his sight.Nevertheless, Joyce did not completely acknowledged the Classicism. As Classicism advocated to imitate the common and eternal humanity, and this kind of humanity was reflected with defined character or types, specially it was

57、 divided into traditional defined characteristics, certain performances and characteristics at a certain age. Classicists sticks to believing the humanity transcended time and space and it was an eternal theme, while the writer should endeavor to reflect the essence of human. Meanwhile, Boileau also

58、 put forward the suggestion of “nature is classicism“，he thought these works commented by rationalism will be everlasting. But classicism works just put the principles of literature creation in an absolute condition, showing rigid and doctrine.Joyce believed that the art could be authentic when it really reflects the true life. There are many kind