高级英语第二册 张汉熙 课课后答案paraphrase 有对照

1、第七课aA1boy and man, I had been through it often before.As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region. 2. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appaling desolation.But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region

2、 was. 3.it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly,saddening joke. 4.The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills. The country itself is pleasa

3、nt to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region. 5.They have taken as their model a brick set on end. The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright. 6.This they have

4、converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.These brick-like houses were made of shabby,thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope. 7.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. When the

5、 brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg. 8.Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the

6、eye. 9.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. 10.They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retroapect, become almost diab

7、olical. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 11.It is incredible that mere ignorance should h

8、ave achieved such masterpieces of horror. It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like. 12.on certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly People in certain strata of Ameri

9、can society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful. 13.they meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hi

10、dden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind. 14.they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it. They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but th

11、ey only managed to make it absolutely intolerable. 15.out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth第八课1.by the ver

12、y fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals. 2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being. Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a socia

13、l being independent of nature. 3all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by mans reason and skill.All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill. 4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture. Therefore pleasure and wor

14、k went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing. 5.Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerwordly asceticiam,” an answer to mans sense of aloneness and isolation. Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and

15、 self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life. 6.Work has become alienated from the working person.In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing. 7. Work is a m

16、eans of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity. Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose. 8a pay check is not enough to base ones self-respect on. Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker hav

17、e a proper respect of himself. 9most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the workers psyche, Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker. 10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management. Better rela

18、tions with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits ifit has better relations with the public. 11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity. The fact that many gadgets are indeed

19、useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things. 12.he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it. The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his

20、 product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved. 第九课1.with a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked t

21、he beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.2their high calls rising like the swallows crossing flights over the music and the singing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.3exercised their restive hoese

22、s befor the race. The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4.Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions. After reading the above description the reader is likely to

23、assume certain things.5.These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopian. The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.6.This is the treason of the artist:a refu

24、sal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain. An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.7.They were mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched. They were fully develo

25、ped and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.8.Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion. Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, as

26、suming his imagination will be equal to the task.9.The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city. The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city. 10.Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnu

27、trition, and neglect. Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect. 11.Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment. The habits of the child are so crude and unculture

28、d that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly. 12.Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality,and to accept it. They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tear

29、s dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.第十课1.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle aged.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility

30、 was, in any case, inevitable.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian slcial structure,The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian

31、social structure.4it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophisticationIn America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving na

32、ughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit,The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men

33、 joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.8.they had outgrown towns and familiesThese young people could no longer ad

34、apt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families. 9the returning veteran also had to facethe hypocritical dogoodism of Prohibition, The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people. 10.Something in the tension-ridd

35、en youth of America had to “give”(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to

36、the traditional artistic center It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre. 12.Each tow

37、n had its”fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality, Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.第十一课1below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive-feeling The English people may hotly argue

38、and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other. 2at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be

39、 lazy and troublesome people. 3.there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor, There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).4.It demands bigness, and they are

40、 suspicious of bigness. The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.5.Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of A

41、dmass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.6.while Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspicious of change for changes sake, Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and

42、 harmful.7.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility. To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on, Admass could be winning. I must further say that wh

43、ile Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for an overdraft. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strengt

44、h which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.10.They probably believe, as I do, that the Admass “Good Life” is a fraud on all counts. These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11.They can be found, too-though

45、not in largenumbers because the breed is duing out- among crusty High Tories who avoid the City and directors fees. They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out - among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to

46、accept high posts in big commercial enterprises. 12.they are inept, shiftless, slovenly, messy. They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.13he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a mans self-respect. He will not even f

47、ind much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.14.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop. These people think of the House of Commons as a pla

48、ce rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter. 15.heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away polotics. If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politic

49、s for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.第十二课1.It is a complex fate to be an American The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand. 2they were no more at home in Europe than I was. They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was. 3.We we

50、re both searching for our separate identities. They were all trying to find their own special individualities. 4.I do not think that I could have made this reconciliation here. I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed. 5.Europe can be very crippling

51、too Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect. 6it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here. It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse. 7.A man can be as proud of being

52、a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel threatened. In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position. 8.I was born in New York, but have lived o

53、nly in pockets of it. I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city. 9.This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable. The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painfu

54、l, though very valuable. 10.On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends. The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins. 11.American writers do not have a fixed society to descri

55、be. American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe. 12.Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by ma

56、ny things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about. 第十四课1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people. 2.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing Ame

57、rican trends, New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America. 3sitcomes cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airwaves from California. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny C

58、arson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California. 4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists. 5.To win in New York is to be uneasy A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because