湖北省2013届高考英语一轮复习基础知识课件 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars 新人教版必修3

1、2013届湖北高考英语一轮复习基础知识课件：Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars（新人教版必修3）作作佳佳诵诵 读读(2011山东卷山东卷)假设你是李华，你的美国朋友假设你是李华，你的美国朋友 Tom 上个月上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛赛(speech contest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给请根据以下要点给 Tom 写一封电子邮件：写一封电子邮件：1询问询问 Tom 的生活和学习情况；的

2、生活和学习情况；2谈谈你的困难并请谈谈你的困难并请 Tom 帮忙；帮忙；3告诉告诉 Tom 你打算赛后去看他。你打算赛后去看他。注意：注意：1.词数：词数：120150；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_点点考考锁锁 定定.重点词汇重点词汇1_ n天文学天文学_ n天文学家天文学家2_ n系统；体系；制度系统；体系；制度_ adj.系统的系统的3_ n宗教；宗教信仰宗教；宗教信仰4_ n学说；理论学说；理论5_ n球体；地球仪；地球球体；地球仪；地球_ adj.全球性的全球性的6_ adj.猛烈的；激烈的猛烈的；激烈的_ adv. 猛烈地猛烈地7_ n大气层；气氛

3、大气层；气氛8_ adj.基本的；基础的基本的；基础的9_ n出席；到场；存在出席；到场；存在_ adj.出席的；出席的；存在的存在的10_ n反应；回应反应；回应_ vi.反应；回应反应；回应11_ vi.乘；增加乘；增加12_ n氧氧13_ vt.存在；生存存在；生存_n存在；生存存在；生存14_ n谜；难题谜；难题vt.(使使)迷惑迷惑_adj.令人困惑的令人困惑的15_ n生物学生物学_ adj.生物的生物的16_ n万有引力；重力万有引力；重力17_ n卫星；人造卫星卫星；人造卫星18_ n物理学家物理学家19_ adv.失重地失重地20_ n质量；团；块；大量质量；团；块；大量_

4、adj.巨大的巨大的答案答案1astronomy; astronomer2.system; systematic3religion4.theory5.globe; global6violent; violently7.atmosphere8fundamental9.presence; present10reaction; react11.multiply12.oxygen13exist; existence14.puzzle; puzzling15biology; biological16.gravity17.satellite18physicist19.weightlessly20.mass

5、; massive.短语回顾短语回顾1_ time 及时；终于及时；终于2be harmful _ 对对有害有害3give birth _ 产生；分娩产生；分娩4_ ones turn 轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着5prevent. _ 阻止；抑制阻止；抑制6block _ 挡住挡住(光线等光线等)7cheer _ 感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；感到振奋8a mass _ 许多；大量许多；大量9break _ 突发；爆发突发；爆发10watch _ for 密切注视；当心；提防密切注视；当心；提防11_ that 既然既然12get close _ 靠近；接近靠近；接近13get the han

6、g _ 掌握，精通掌握，精通答案答案1in2.to3.to4.in5.from6.out7.up8of9.out10.out11.now12.to13.of.句式填空句式填空1what 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句_(它会变成什么样它会变成什么样) was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2so. that. 如此如此以至于以至于The earth became _ (如此猛烈以至于如此猛烈以至于)it was not clear whe

7、ther the shape would last or not. 3it 作形式宾语的用法作形式宾语的用法This produced a chain reaction, which _ (使得生命使得生命得以发展得以发展)4英语倍数表示法英语倍数表示法But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _ (两倍远两倍远) on the earth and fell over.答案答案1What it was to become2.so violent that3made it possible for life to develo

8、p频频高高考考 点点考点单词考点单词 1pull n. & vt. 拉拉(力力)；拖；牵引力；拖；牵引力They are pulling down those houses to make room for a new hotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。We waved as the train pulled out of the station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。pull apart 拆开；拆散拆开；拆散pull away (汽车等汽车等)开走开走pull down 拆毁；摧毁拆毁；摧毁

9、pull in (车辆车辆)进站进站pull out 驶出；退出驶出；退出 pull over 向路边停靠；驶向路边向路边停靠；驶向路边pull up 停车停车即境活用即境活用1I was lucky enough to get on the train before it _.Apulled onBpulled downCpulled in Dpulled out解析解析pull out 驶出车站。驶出车站。答案答案D2exist vi.存在；生存存在；生存The technology for performing this operation already exists.做这种手术的技术

10、早已存在。做这种手术的技术早已存在。They are paid hardly enough to exist on.他们收入微薄，几乎无法维持生活。他们收入微薄，几乎无法维持生活。exist in 存在于存在于之中之中exist on 靠靠为生为生exist by 靠靠生存生存There exist. 有有；存在着；存在着come into existence 开始存在；成立开始存在；成立bring. into existence 使发生；产生使发生；产生即境活用即境活用2There, in the ancient temple, used to _ a big bell, which is

11、now missing.Ahappen BcomeCexist Dstand解析解析There used to exist 过去有过去有。答案答案C3puzzle n谜；难题谜；难题 vt.(使使)迷惑；迷惑；(使使)为难为难What puzzled me is why they didnt take her advice.他们为何不接受她的忠告，这使我大惑不解。他们为何不接受她的忠告，这使我大惑不解。in a puzzle 疑惑；困惑疑惑；困惑puzzle over 冥思苦想冥思苦想puzzle out 苦苦思索而弄清楚苦苦思索而弄清楚be puzzled 感到困惑感到困惑be puzzli

12、ng 令人困惑的令人困惑的即境活用即境活用3The present situation is _， and we are all_about what will happen in the days to come.Apuzzled; puzzling Bpuzzling; puzzledCpuzzling; puzzling Dpuzzled; puzzled解析解析puzzling 令人迷惑的，修饰物；令人迷惑的，修饰物； puzzled 迷惑的，修迷惑的，修饰人。饰人。答案答案B4mass n质量；团；块；大量质量；团；块；大量Her garden is a mass of flower

13、s.她的花园里种满了花。她的花园里种满了花。I dont like children in the mass.大体而论，我不喜欢儿童。大体而论，我不喜欢儿童。a mass ofmasses of 大量的；许多的大量的；许多的in the mass 大体上；大致上大体上；大致上the masses 大众；民众大众；民众the mass of. 大部分大部分【易错提示易错提示】a mass of 和和 masses of 后面可以接可数或不可数名词，作后面可以接可数或不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词的单复数与主语时谓语动词的单复数与 mass 的单复数保持一致。的单复数保持一致。即境活用即境活用4_

14、work has been done to prevent the water in the lake being polluted.AA plenty of BA number ofCA mass of DA great many解析解析a mass of 大量的，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰大量的，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。不可数名词。B、D两项修饰可数名词；两项修饰可数名词；A项本身有误。项本身有误。答案答案C5spread vt.伸展；传播；蔓延伸展；传播；蔓延He spread a cloth on the table.他把台布铺在桌子上。他把台布铺在桌子上。The f

15、ire spread from the factory to the houses nearby.火势从工厂延烧至附近的房舍。火势从工厂延烧至附近的房舍。In 20 years the city has spread quickly to the north.在二十年间，这座城市迅速向北延伸。在二十年间，这座城市迅速向北延伸。spread out 散开；伸展；延伸散开；伸展；延伸spread over 遍布在遍布在spread (from.) to (从从)传到，波及到传到，波及到spread oneself 舒展四肢舒展四肢(躺下躺下)即境活用即境活用5Papermaking began i

16、n China and from there it _ to North Africa and Europe.Aexported BspoiledCcarried Dspread解析解析spread 传播。传播。 export 出口；出口； spoil 宠坏；宠坏； carry 运运载。载。答案答案D6depend vi.依靠依靠It depends on how you solve the problem.那取决于你如何解决这个问题。那取决于你如何解决这个问题。You can never depend on his arriving on time.决不可指望他能准时到达。决不可指望他能准时

17、到达。How much is produced depends on how hard we work.产量的大小在于我们努力的程度。产量的大小在于我们努力的程度。depend on sth./sb.rely on 依靠或依赖某人依靠或依赖某人/某物某物depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事依靠某人做某事That depends. 视情况而定。视情况而定。It all depends. 视情况而定。视情况而定。live on 以以为主食；靠为主食；靠生活生活feed on (动物动物)以以为饲料为饲料即境活用即境活用6Do you think living in th

18、e country has advantages?_.AYes, perfectly BYes, it isCNothing at all DWell, that depends解析解析that depends 那依情况而定。那依情况而定。答案答案D7disappoint vt. 使失望使失望Dont disappoint me by being late again.别再迟到了，不要叫我失望。别再迟到了，不要叫我失望。This accident disappointed our plans.这意外事件使我们的计划落空。这意外事件使我们的计划落空。disappoint sb. 使某人失望使某人

19、失望disappoint a hope/plan 希望希望/计划落空计划落空disappointed adj. 失望的失望的disappointing adj. 令人失望的令人失望的disappointment n. 失望；令人失望的人或事失望；令人失望的人或事to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是令某人失望的是即境活用即境活用7Tom never works hard at his lessons, so its not _ to see a _ look on his face after the exam.Asurprised; disappointingBsurp

20、rised; disappointedCsurprising; disappointingDsurprising; disappointed解析解析第一空用第一空用surprising 修饰物；第二空用修饰物；第二空用 disappointed修饰修饰 look。 答案答案D8method n方法，办法；秩序，条理方法，办法；秩序，条理New methods of production were employed a few years ago.新的生产方法几年前曾使用过。新的生产方法几年前曾使用过。We should go over our lessons with methods.我们应该

21、系统地复习功课。我们应该系统地复习功课。with this method 用这种方法用这种方法method of/for (doing) sth. 做做的方法的方法即境活用即境活用8_ he didnt eat so noisily!He is always that _.AIf; manner BWhy; kindCIf only; way DOn condition that; method解析解析第一空用第一空用 if only 意为意为“要是要是就好了就好了”；第二空；第二空用用 way 表示表示“方式方式”。答案答案C考点短语考点短语 1cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；

22、感到振奋Try and cheer up a bit; life isnt that bad.试着高兴一点；生活并不是那样糟糕。试着高兴一点；生活并不是那样糟糕。【思维拓展思维拓展】cheer sb. up 使某人高兴使某人高兴/振奋振奋cheer. on 为为加油加油Cheers! 干杯！干杯！cheer n. 欢呼声欢呼声cheerful adj. 高兴的；快乐的高兴的；快乐的cheerfully adv. 兴高采烈地兴高采烈地即境活用即境活用9The news that our team won the game _.Acheered us up Bcheered up usCbroke

23、 us up Dput us up解析解析cheer sb. up 使某人高兴，使某人振奋。使某人高兴，使某人振奋。答案答案A2in time 及时；终于；总有一天及时；终于；总有一天Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed?你来得及在孩子们上床睡觉之前回家看看他们吗？你来得及在孩子们上床睡觉之前回家看看他们吗？【思维拓展思维拓展】at one time 曾经；一度曾经；一度in no time 立刻；马上立刻；马上at no time 绝不绝不 all the time 一直一直at all time

24、s 随时；永远随时；永远 for the time being 暂时；目前暂时；目前from time to time 偶尔偶尔 ahead of time 提前提前at a time 一次一次gain time (钟、表钟、表)走得快走得快即境活用即境活用10You will succeed_because you have been working hard at your lessons.Aon time Bin timeCat times Dat a time解析解析in time总有一天，最终。总有一天，最终。on time按时；按时；at times 有有时；时；at a time

25、一次。一次。答案答案B3in ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为这个星球上最重要的动物。于是，他们接着成为这个星球上最重要的动物。【思维拓展思维拓展】by turns 轮流；依次轮流；依次in turn 轮流；依次；转而轮流；依次；转而take ones turn 依次；轮流依次；轮流 take turns to do 轮流做轮流做Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事即境活用即

26、境活用11Lets look after her _.Ain turn Bin dangerCin charge Din advance解析解析in turn 轮流。轮流。in danger 处于危险中；处于危险中；in charge 负负责；责；in advance 提前。提前。答案答案A4prevent. from 阻止；抑制阻止；抑制Unless we get more funding, well be prevented from finishing our experimental programme.除非得到更多拨款，否则我们不能完成这项实验计划。除非得到更多拨款，否则我们不能完成

27、这项实验计划。 【思维拓展思维拓展】stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事使某人一直做某事protect sb. from. 保护某人不受保护某人不受侵袭；挡住；防御侵袭；挡住；防御【易错提示易错提示】被动语态中上述搭配中的被动语态中上述搭配中的 from 都不可省略。都不可省略。 即境活用即境活用12Unfortunately, we were prevented _ the project on time by t

28、he terrible weather.Ato complete BcompletedCcompleting Dfrom completing解析解析be prevented from doing sth. 被阻止做某事。被阻止做某事。答案答案D5block out 挡住、遮住挡住、遮住(光线等光线等)The tree in the neighbours garden blocks out a lot of light.邻居花园里的那棵树挡住了很多光线。邻居花园里的那棵树挡住了很多光线。【思维拓展思维拓展】block off sth. 封锁；切断封锁；切断block sth. in 塞满；使塞

29、满；使受阻受阻block up sth. 堵塞；挡住堵塞；挡住a block ofblocks of 大块大块/一批一批a block of flats 一幢公寓大楼一幢公寓大楼即境活用即境活用13How further do we have to go?Exactly, the school is still two _ away.Abuildings BblocksCstreets Dcorners解析解析block 街区。街区。答案答案B6break out (火灾、战争、疾病火灾、战争、疾病)突发；爆发突发；爆发The experts predict that a new diseas

30、e will break out this winter.专家们预言，今年冬天将有一种新的疾病爆发。专家们预言，今年冬天将有一种新的疾病爆发。【思维拓展思维拓展】take place 发生；进行发生；进行(有计划发生有计划发生)happen 发生发生(意外事故发生意外事故发生)occur 发生；突然想起发生；突然想起 【易错提示易错提示】表示表示“发生发生”的词语均无被动语态形式。的词语均无被动语态形式。即境活用即境活用14It seems that the computer system was attacked by a new virus that _ last week.Abroke

31、out Bput outCcame out Dgot out解析解析break out 爆发。爆发。put out 扑灭；扑灭；come out 出版；出版；get out出来。出来。答案答案A重点句型重点句型 1They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。了地球的大气层。句中句中 be to do 结构

32、表示即将发生某事、计划或安排做某事、结构表示即将发生某事、计划或安排做某事、要求做某事。要求做某事。The foreign students are to hold a party to celebrate Christmas Day next Monday.那些外籍学生下周一打算举行一次晚会庆祝圣诞节。那些外籍学生下周一打算举行一次晚会庆祝圣诞节。You are to meet the experts from Hong Kong at the airport.你们去机场接来自香港的专家。你们去机场接来自香港的专家。【思维拓展思维拓展】“be about to do” 表示即将做某事，不与任

33、何时间状语连表示即将做某事，不与任何时间状语连用；用；“will 动词原形动词原形”表示将来行为，表示将来行为，“预见预见”或或“临时考临时考虑虑”将做某事；将做某事； be going to do 表示打算表示打算/计划做某事，或有迹象计划做某事，或有迹象表明要发生某事。表明要发生某事。Wait for me for a moment; Im about to set out.稍等片刻；我马上就动身。稍等片刻；我马上就动身。We will put the plan into practice next spring.我们明年春天实施这个计划。我们明年春天实施这个计划。Look, the cl

34、ouds are gathering; its going to rain.瞧，云彩在聚集；马上就要下雨了。瞧，云彩在聚集；马上就要下雨了。即境活用即境活用15If you _ her respect, you will have to be generous.Aare going to win Bare to winCwill win Dare about to win解析解析条件状语从句只能用条件状语从句只能用 be to do 结构，表示将来。结构，表示将来。答案答案B2“Oh dear，”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now

35、 that gravity has changed.”“天啊，天啊，”我惊呼，我惊呼，“既然引力改变了，走路就确实需要既然引力改变了，走路就确实需要稍微锻炼一下了。稍微锻炼一下了。”句中句中 now that 引导原因状语从句，意为引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于既然，由于”，相当于相当于since，而且，而且 that 可以省略。可以省略。Now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest.既然已经做完工作了，你最好休息一下。既然已经做完工作了，你最好休息一下。Now that you dont have faith

36、in me, I will never give you any advice.既然你不相信我，我将不再给你提任何建议。既然你不相信我，我将不再给你提任何建议。【思维拓展思维拓展】due to 由于，归功于；由于，归功于； because of 因为；因为；on account of 由于，因为；由于，因为；owing to 由于，因为；由于，因为；thanks to 由于，多亏由于，多亏(多作表语或状语多作表语或状语)；as a result of 由于由于即境活用即境活用16_ theyve got to know each other, Im sure they will get alo

37、ng better.ANow that BUnlessCAlthough DAs soon as解析解析now that 既然，用来引出原因状语从句。既然，用来引出原因状语从句。答案答案A3This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就可能发展了。这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就可能发展了。这是这是“make it 形容词形容词/名词名词 to do sth.”句型。该句型句型。该句型中中 it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾为形式宾语

38、，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。语补足语。People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。it 作形式宾语，除指代不定式结构外，还可指代作形式宾语，除指代不定式结构外，还可指代 that 引导引导的宾语从句。的宾语从句。They made it clear to the public that they did an important and nec

39、essary job.他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。 即境活用即境活用17I made _ clear that I would support him.Ait BoneCthat Dthis解析解析make it 形容词形容词 to do sth. 句型。句型。答案答案A4But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨而当我试着向前

40、迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，而且我摔倒了。度竟是在地球上的两倍，而且我摔倒了。(1)“A 谓语动词谓语动词 倍数倍数 形容词或副词的比较级形容词或副词的比较级 than B”表示表示“A比比B大大(长、宽、高等长、宽、高等)多少倍多少倍”。(2)“A 谓语动词谓语动词 倍数倍数 as 形容词或副词的原级形容词或副词的原级 as B”，表示，表示“A是是B的多少倍的多少倍”。( 3 ) “ A 谓 语 动 词谓 语 动 词 倍 数倍 数 t h e s i z e (height/length/width, etc.) of B”表示表示“A是是B的多少的多少倍倍”

41、。(4)“A 谓语动词谓语动词 倍数倍数 what 从句从句”。They have three times as many cows as we have.他们的牛是我们的三倍。他们的牛是我们的三倍。This table is 3 times as big as that one.This table is twice bigger than that one.This table is 3 times the size of that one.这张桌子是那张的这张桌子是那张的3倍大。倍大。即境活用即境活用18(2012北京市顺义区尖子生考试北京市顺义区尖子生考试)Mum likes this

42、 old house in downtown better than the huge one in the country, but it costs almost_.Atwice as much Btwice as manyCtwice so much Dtwice so many解析解析倍数的表达法为：倍数的表达法为：twice the 名词名词 of；倍数；倍数as形容词原级形容词原级as；倍数形容词的比较级；倍数形容词的比较级than。修饰不可。修饰不可数名词用数名词用 twice as much。答案答案A堂堂课课双双 基基.词义辨析词义辨析1AIDS is a disease t

43、hat breaks down the bodys immune _.AsituationBoriginCsystem Dpreservation解析解析system体系，系统。体系，系统。situation 情形；情形；origin 起源；起源；preservation 保护。保护。答案答案C2_ crimes such as murders or robberies are on the increase in this district.AGenuine BViolentCFundamental DSecure解析解析violent 暴力的。暴力的。genuine 真诚的；真诚的；fun

44、damental基本基本的；的；secure 安全的。安全的。答案答案B3The _ at home has been depressing since they had that fight.Aatmosphere BbackgroundCemergency Doccasion解析解析atmosphere 气氛。气氛。background 背景；背景；emergency 紧紧急事件；急事件；occasion场合。场合。答案答案A4The festival has been a great success, _ last year when it rained nonstop.Abesides

45、 BbeyondCdespite Dunlike解析解析unlike 与与不同。不同。besides 另外；另外；beyond 超出；超出；despite 尽管。尽管。答案答案D5The Government fears the strike may produce a _ reaction in other industries.Afloat BatomCseries Dchain解析解析chain 连锁。连锁。float 漂；漂；series 系列；系列；atom 原子。原子。答案答案D6If you _ three by three, you get nine.Amultiply Bpu

46、zzleCseek Dcombine解析解析multiply 乘。乘。puzzle 使迷惑；使迷惑；seek 寻求；寻求；combine 合并。合并。答案答案A7There is no evidence that life _ on other planets.Aresponds BexistsCexplodes Dsinks解析解析exist 存在。存在。respond 回答；回答；explode 爆炸；爆炸；sink 下沉。下沉。答案答案B8For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm _.Aweat

47、her BtemperatureCseason Dclimate解析解析climate气候。气候。weather 天气；天气；temperature 温度；温度；season季节。季节。答案答案D9Three people were killed when their car _ into a lorry.Acharged BcrashedCbalanced Dglared解析解析crash 撞击。撞击。charge 负责，充电；负责，充电；balance 使平衡；使平衡；glare怒视。怒视。答案答案B10The sound of her voice came _ down from an upstairs window.Afloating BsettlingCblocking Dpacking解析解析float 漂。