城市规划方法研究

1、城市规划方法研究文章在对城市规划的起源、作用和意义的阐述，以及国内外城市规划方法研究进展的回顾基础上，对城市规划方法体系、城市规划方法论以及城市规划实践方法进行了系统地研究。   首先，本文论述了城市规划方法研究的重要性和必要性。从城市规划在市场机制下的作用和意义入手，从完善城市规划体系以及加强城市规划的理论与实践联系角度，阐述了城市规划方法的重要地位。分析了在新的社会经济发展形势下和制度转型时期，我国现行城市规划方法的主要问题：（1）“自上而下”的方法路线不符合市场运作的特点；（2）物质规划方法的局限性制约规划的社会价值及作用的发挥；（3）非理性的规划编制过程削弱规划的科

2、学性和严肃性。   继之，文章重点对城市规划方法体系和规划方法论进行了研究。从城市规划的科学属性出发，对城市规划方法体系的建构进行了深入探讨。归纳城市规划方法论的哲学传统先后经历了唯理主义、实证主义、证伪主义和人本主义，城市规划方法论由哲学基础、思维方法论和操作方法体系构成，城市规划具体方法由方法路线、战略方法、程序、技术方法四个层次组成，规划方法体系则由规划方法论和具体方法共同构成。对城市规划方法论的讨论则在有关方法论的内涵、构成的分析基础上，从规划方法抉择的理论和城市规划实用方法技术的角度展开论述。认为规划方法的抉择受到规划理论、规划目标和要求、规划参与者的意志、社会环

3、境背景以及方法本身的可得性等主客观多方面的影响，是一个不完全的理性过程。但是，就城市规划的社会要求与意义而言，目标合理和价值合理应该成为规划方法抉择中始终遵循的原则和追求的目标。实用层面上的规划方法（技术）是一个庞杂的群体，文章选择分析了其中的区域分析方法、景观生态学方法、社会学方法、文化学方法以及部分新技术的价值、内容和效用。   最后，文章结合本人的规划实践中，对有关方法的具体运用进行了分析。包括区域分析方法在城市设计中的运用，区域联系分析法在要素流分析中的应用，景观生态学方法在城市规划用地评价中的运用，社会调查分析方法在流动人口聚居空间研究中的应用等。 &#

4、160; 通过研究，文章在以下几方面取得了初步进展：   （1）初步提出城市规划方法论框架。文章提出城市规划方法论是有别于哲学方法论和其它泛义方法论的一种具体领域的方法论，是对城市规划实践的一般途径、规则的理论概括，本质上属于以价值判断为核心的社会科学方法论。归纳城市规划方法论的哲学传统经由唯理主义到实证主义，进而转向证伪主义和人本主义。概括城市规划方法论应由哲学基础、思维方法体系和操作方法体系所构成。其中，城市规划方法的哲学基础是在总体的复合理性框架之下，由以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为核心的马克思主义哲学，人本主义、实证主义、历史主义等西方哲学以及强调综合调和、天人合一

5、的东方哲学思想所构成；城市规划思维方法体系，是城市规划过程中思考问题的角度及处理问题的方法论的总和，包括微观的逻辑思维方法、宏观的形象思维方法和宏微结合的创造性思维方；城市规划操作方法体系是直接用于城市规划实践的方法归纳和概括，包括城市规划的方法路线、程序组织、技术方法等等。   （2）初步建立城市规划方法体系结构。认为规划方法论和具体规划方法共同构成城市规划方法体系的整体，两者间密切联系，相互促进。广义的规划方法论本身就包括规划操作方法（狭义的规划方法）层次；广义的规划方法（规划方法体系）建构又必须以规划方法论为理论基础和重要组成部分。在实践层面上，城市规划方法由上而下可

6、分为四个层次，即方法路线、战略方法、规划程序和技术方法。其中，方法路线和战略方法决定规划程序和技术方法的制订和选择，规划方法程序和技术方法是方法路线和战略的深化和具体体现。此外，规划方法还可以划分为若干类型。城市规划方法体系是一种以规划目的和任务为核心的多层次开放式系统，在规划实践过程中不断完善更新。 ABSTRACT   Due to the gap between theory and practice of urban planning, speedy urbanization with the rapid growth of cities and town

7、s in China, and the shift of Chinese economic system from centrally planned economy to market-oriented economy, it is urgent to search out a corresponding approach to urban planning as well as retrospect the urban planning method in past.    Based on the discussion of the origin, function

8、and meaning of urban planning, and the review of urban planning methodology especially of one century history of the modem urban planning, the paper studies the system of urban planning method, including analyzing and exploring of urban planning method system, urban planning methodology and the appl

9、ied method and technology of urban planning.    At first, the paper discusses the importance and the necessary of the study on urban planning method. Urban planning plays the great role of achieving the justice and improving the efficiency within the market context, but the urban planning

10、theory cannot steer the urban planning practice smoothly, which shakes the status of urban planning. Among the reasons, which causes such woefully complexion, the lack of an available method system is vital. In China, the present urban planning method is unsuitable to the new socio-economic and regu

11、latory situation. Problems are in that: (1) the route"from top to down"cannot adapt to the market mechanism; (2) physical planning method impedes the process of urban planning and its influence; (3) irrational urban planning process weakens the scientificity and solemnness of urban plannin

12、g.    Then, the paper mainly explores the urban planning system and the urban planning methodology. Based on a historical look at urban planning method since the early 1900s when the modem urban planning came into being, the paper considers the urban planning methodology as a social scienc

13、e methodology taking value judgment as its hard-core, and the philosophy tradition of urban planning coming through Rationalism, Verificationism, Falsificationism to Humanism. Within this context, the paper shows a framework of urban planning method system, which includes urban planning methodology

14、as well as many kinds of applied methods. Due to the structure and scientific attributes of the urban planning methodology, the paper further discusses the rational process of method choice and applied method of urban planning in order to reveal the content and the potential tendency of urban planni

15、ng methodology. According to the analysis, the process of urban planning method choice is incomplete rational which mainly influenced by urban planning theory, urban planning objective and requirement, the idea of urban planning participants, social consciousness and the acquirability of urban plann

16、ing method. But, considered the social requirement and meaning of urban planning, it is always the principle and goal to reach the object-rationality and value-rationality. The applied urban planning method is a great collection composed with many kinds of concrete methods, which can't be discus

17、sed totally here. The paper chooses regional analysis method, landscape ecology method, sociology method, culture study method and some new technology as sample to explore the value, the content and the advantage of urban planning applied method.    At last, with several samples, the paper

18、 analyzes concretely how the urban planning method can be used on urban planning pracuces. These samples mclude the urban design under the utilizing of regional analysis method, the study of social-economic elements flow with regional correlative analysis method, the estimate on urban planning land

19、using the landscape ecology method and the study on the spatial characteristic of floating population resident area with social research method.    Throughout this study, the paper gets some conclusions and innovation as follows.    (1) The primary framework of urban planning met

20、hodology is brought forward. Urban planning methodology differs from philosophy methodology and others general methodology, and belongs to certain field. It is the theoretical summarization of the general method and rules of urban planning practice. On the essence, urban planning methodology is a ki

21、nd of social science methodology with value judgment as its hard-core. While natural science methodology belongs to the urban planning methodology context on applied level. The paper considers that urban planning methodology is composed with three parts. They are philosophy foundation, noetic method

22、ology and operational methods. The philosophy foundation of urban planning methodology under the framework of multi-rationality composes of Marxist philosophy with materialistic dialectic and historical dialectic as the core, western philosophy such as humanism, verificationism, and historism etc. ,

23、 oriental philosophy centralized on synthesis and unison. The noetic methodology of urban includes micro logical noetic methods macro visual noetic methods and micro-macro creative noetic methods. The urban planning operational method includes the route, process and techniques needed in practice. &#

24、160;  (2) The structure of urban planning method system is established. Urban planning methodology and applied methods act as two interdependent roles in the total urban planning method system. In broad sense, urban planning methodology includes operational methods that are usually looked as urban planning methods of narrow sense. While urban planning method system which is seemed as urban planning methods of broad sense n