Unit8汉英对比与翻译

1、Unit8汉英对比与翻译（一）课时：2H教学目的要求：掌握句子翻译中的基本元素的翻译，主要掌握主语和谓语的正确确立。教学重点：汉英翻译中句子主语和谓语的确立。教学难点：如何使译文的主语和谓语符合语法和语言使用规范。教学内容：正确确立单句的主干：（一）主语的确立：英语主语的严格性，只能由名词（或）代词，例如Wecansolvetheproblem.Thisproblemcanbesolvedinmanyways）.或具有名词语法功能的语言单位（如动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句>一般指主语从句，例如Tosolvethisproblemneedspatienee.Workingingeniou

2、sly>ad有独创性的，具有创造才能的adv.workingingeniously有才能地，巧干>mayhelpyoulearnEnglishwell.Itisnotknownyetwhethertheywillreturntoday.）来充当。试找出下歹句子英译的恰当主语，并进行翻译？>>直接用原文的主语1）如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaustfromboilersandvehieles,unlessproperlytreated,eausesairpollutionineities.2）如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么

3、，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。Ifvoeabularyisthe“buildingmaterials”forlanguage,senteneesaretheafundamentalpartsofw”ritings.>>替换主语以符合英语表达1）鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。LuHsunwasamanofunyieldingintegrity,freefromallsycophancy-拍耳屁,奉承orobsequiousness谄媚;thisqualityisinvaluableamongcolonialandsemi-colon

4、ialpeople.LuHsun'sboneswerethehardest;hewasfreefromallsycophancyorobsequiousness;thisisinvaluableamongcolonialandsemi-colonialpeople.2）胎乂瘪了。We'vegotanotherflattire.Thetireturnsflatagain?3）人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。Itisimpossibletojudgepeoplefromtheirappearance,andimpossibletomeasuretheoceanbypints.刘鹦老残游记

5、，杨宪益、戴乃迭译）Wecan'tjudgepeoplefromtheirappearance,justaswecan'tmeasuretheocebypints.>>找出译文中合适的主语1）在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。TheconstantchangeofthecourseoftheChangjiangRiveirnhistoryhelpedformagreatmanylakesintheareasaroundWuhan-acityincentralChina.Becauseoftheconstantchangeofthecourseo

6、ftheChangjiangRiverinhistory,therehaveformed>vi形成agreatmanylakes（“therebe”,agreatmanylakes”）intheareasaroundWuhan-acityincentralChina.2）健康不佳就无法有效工作。（表示条件的主语用抽象的英语名词短语表达）Poorhealthmaycauseone'sinefficiencyatwork.One'八oorhealthwillincapacitate>使不能胜任himforefficientwork（fromefficientwork）.

7、Youcannotworkefficientlyifyouareinpoorhealth.>口语体3）北京地区由于近些年加强了植树造林，在一些地方飞来了稀有的鸟类。TheexpansionofwoodsinsomeplacesaroundBeijingtheseyearsattractsquiteafewrarebirds.QuiteafewrarebirdscometosettledowninsomeplacesaroundBeijingthankstotheexpansionofwoodstheretheseyears.4）世纪交替，千年更迭，人类社会的发展正在揭开新的篇章。Thet

8、urnofthecenturyhasopenedanewchapterinthedevelopmentofhumansociety.5）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarena.Attheturnofthecentury,Chinaismostactiveinitsdiplomaticactivities.>>主语的客观性1）你做这事不费吹灰之力。Itisveryeasyforyoutodosuchathing.2）决定把这问题提到下次会上讨论。Itwasdecidedtobr

9、ingthematterupatthenextmeeting.3）这时我激动得说不出话来。Wordsfailmehere.Iamtooexcited/stirred/agitated前（一表示激动人心的那种，后两个表示焦躁，不安产生的激动等）toutteranywords.英语多用被动式1）成都新改建的府南河两岸将修建许多草坪和居民大楼。Plentyoflawnsandapartmenthouseswillbebuiltalongboththebanksofthenewly-renovatedFunanRiver.2）公共场所禁止吸烟。Smokingisforbiddeninpublicpla

10、ces.3）这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasbeendrawnonthematter.4）有明显的迹象表明，一些古老的传统和价值观不再为年轻人所珍藏。Obvioussignsshowthatsomeoldtraditionsandvaluesarenotcherishedbyyouthanymore.5）收音机的成本降低了80%。Thecostofradiosetswasreducedby80%.6）可以预见，在一个不太长的时间内，中国必在科学技术方面赶上世界最先进的国家。ItcanbepredictedthatChinawillcerta

11、inlycatchupwiththemostadvancednationsintheworldinscienceandtechnologyinnottoolongatime.Therebe专练1）好像有点不大对头。Thereseemssomethingwrongaboutit.2）古今中外，在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。Thereexistsalaw（“therbee”t,helogicalsubjecttobe“alaw”l,atentinthecontext）atalltimesandinallcountriesthatthegreatfisheatupthesmallintheworl

12、dofbusiness.3）古今中外，这种情况概莫能外。Thereisnoexceptiontothisinmodernorancienttimes,inChinaorelsewhere.无主句一增补主语到了济南府，进得城来，家家泉水，户户垂杨，比那江南风景，觉得更具为有趣。WhenhereachedJinanandenteredthecity,therewereflowingstreamsbyeveryhouseandwillowtreesbyeverydoor,whichdelightedhimevenmorethanthesceneryofthesouth.刘（鹦老残游记，杨宪益、戴乃迭

13、译）（二）谓语的确立谓语只能由动词（系动词或实义动词）或动词短语担当。1）北京很好玩。Beijingisagreatcitytohavefun.2）匕京夕卜来人口逐年增多。ThenumberofpeoplefromotherplacesinBeijingincreasesyearbyyear.3）从北京乘火车到郑州要花十多个小时。IttakesmorethantenhourstoridebytrainfromBeijingtoZhengzhou,thecapitalcityofHenanprovincenearBeijing.4）总统明天准备乘专机前往上海参观访问。Thepresidentpr

14、eparestogotoShanghaibyhisspecialplaneforavisittomorrow.5）晚上过来跟我们一块打保龄球如何？Wouldyoucometojoinusforplayingbowlingthisevening?注意谓语动词的选择的准确性1）中央政府不干预香港特另U彳亍政区的事务。ThecentralgovernmenthasneverintervenedintheaffairsoftheHKSAR.（refrainfromdoingsth克制自己不去干预，intervene不干预也不想干预之点思）2）中国经济将融入世界经济的大潮。TheeconomyofChi

15、nawillconvergewiththatoftheworld.（mergeinto意为肖没在。之中，不恰当）3）新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。Theemergeneeofonenewscenicspotafteranotherandtheinfluxofmoreandmoretouristshavealsoboostedtheeconomy.作业：比较以下译文，哪个更好？1）本文所讲的内容对通讯工程来说是很有趣的。a. Thecontentthatthispapertalksaboutisofgreatinteresttocommunicationengine

16、ers.b. Whatthispaperdiscussesisofgreatinteresttocommunicationengineers.2）在零售和烹调行业方面，家办企业的买卖完全超过了国家办的。a. Intheretailandcateringsectors,householdoperationshavecompletelyoutmarketedthestate.b. Intheretailandcateringsectors,householdoperationshavesurpassedthatofthestate.3）和古庙正好隔河相对的那坐宝塔据说是明代的建筑。a. ThepagodathatstandsfacingtheancienttempleandisseparatedfromeachotherbytheriverissaidtohavebeenbuiltintheMingDynasty.b. Itissaidthatthepagodajustacrosstheriverfromtheancienttemplewasbuiltinthe