人教版新课标必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案(4课时)

1、Unit4Earthquakes-单元导学案7 cut 穿过; 贯穿8 ruins成为废墟9 number of 的数量10 instead 代替11 dig 掘出；发现12 (great) number of 许多;的Period1WarmingupandReadingcomprehension1_(adj.)极度的(adv.)6(vt.)毁坏_(n.)极度地7(n.)电；电流2(n.)民族；国家；国民(adj.)靠电来工作的_(adj.)(adv.)民族的；国家的；全国的与电有美的3.(n,)污垢(adj.)脏的8(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词4_(n.)苦难；痛舌(v.)(v.)祝贺遭受_(

2、n.)患病者；受难者9(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬5(v.)损害(n.)(adj.)令人恐惧的(adj.)受惊的；受惊吓的课前自主学习方案重点单词重点短语1right立刻；马上2too二太而不能3thinkof评价不高5 as 好像6 an end结束；终结4usual像往常一样语篇导读Lead-inI.whatnaturaldisastershaveyouheardof?II.Whichdisastermaycausetheworstdamage?Haveyoueverexperiencedanearthquake?m.Discussion：Howmuchdoyouknowaboutanearth

3、quake?1Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenbeforeanearthquake?2Whatshallwedoifanearthquakehappenswhenweareatschool?3Canwestopearthquakes?4Whatcanwedoafterearthquakes?课文佳句背诵与仿写(旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力)【原旬】Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当

4、天晚上照常睡着了。模仿要点句子结构：由which/who引导的非限制性定语从句【模仿11我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。【模仿2】据报道，心脏病和癌症成了中年人的头号杀手，这给我们敲响了警钟。Period2languagePoints知识探究与发现1. Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedarteUrst在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。自主探究burstvi.(,)n.e.g.:Water-pipes.水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。搭配 burstinto+n.=burstoutdoingsth.突然起来burstinto=burs

5、toutlaughing放声大笑burstinto=burstoutcrying放声大哭 burstintobreakintotheroom破门而入 aburstofanger一阵发怒即学即练Thepolicetheroomandcaughtthemurder.A.burstintoB.enteredintoC.lookedintoD.shoutedat2. Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.似乎到了世界末日！1) .asif=asthough好像,似乎(1)如果asif从句表示的事情可能是真实的，通常使用陈述语气e.g.:Itlooksasifitisgoingt

6、orain.Itsoundsasif听起来好像有人在敲门。(2)如果asif从句表示的内容与事实相反或是一种假想，通常使用虚拟语气。主旬+asif(though)+主语+were/i去时一表示与主句动作同时发生could/would+动词原形一表示动作可能在将来发生had+过去分词一表示从句谓语的动作发生在主句动作之前即学即练 Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。 ShelearnsEnglishsohardasif她学英语如此努力好像她要去美国似的。2).atanend结束,终结(常作表语)e.g.:.战争终于结束

7、了。归纳拓展attheendof在尽头，在末尾bytheendof至U为止intheend最后，终于makeendsmeet收支相抵cometoanend结束3.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylainruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沉没在一片废墟之中。ruin(1)n.e.g.：我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。(2)vt.搭配belieinruins破败不堪e.g.:那座建筑物已成断壁残垣。fallintoruins成为废墟辨析ruindestroydamageruin指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果，也可以指对美好的或希

8、望中的事物的破坏。destroy指彻底毁坏，不能修复。damage指局部损坏，但可以修复。即学即练(1) Thebuildingwascompletelybyfire.(2) Hiscarhitatreebytheroadsideandwas.Sohehadtohaveitrepaired.(3) Mynewshoesgetinthemud.(4) Sandnowfilledthewellansteadofwater.典例赏析1) .TheChineseusechopsticksinsteadofknivesandforks.中国人不用刀叉，用筷子。2) .Insteadofworking,J

9、ackwasidlingawayhistime.杰克不去工作，虚度着光阴。3) .ShedecidedtoleavehereonSundayinsteadofMonday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。自主探究insteadof短语归纳instead是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为代替;相反".insteadof是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为代替、而不”。inplaceof为介词短语，也是代替、而不”的意思.taketheplaceof作谓语，用在名词、代词前。即学即练1） .Tractorshorsesinmanyplaces.A.inpl

10、aceofB.havetakentheplaceofC.insteadD.insteadof2） .Youshouldbeoutplayingworkingindoorsallday.A.inspiteofB.taketheplaceofC.insteadD.insteadof5. Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.（1）分数表达法分子（基数词为one）分母（序数词用单数）eg.1/3one-third1/5one-fifth分子（基数词大于one）分母+s（序数词用复数）e.g.2/3two-thirds3/5three

11、-fifths百分数表达法数词+percent（%）表示百分之”e.g.75%,90%,65%,分数/百分数作主语时，若所指的是可数名词，则谓语动词多用复数；e.g.80%ofthetreeswerecutdown.若指不可数名词，谓语动词多用单数：e.g.50%ofthewaterinthebottlehasgone.请根据提示完成下列句子。1. (三分之一)ofthestudentsinourclass(be)girls.2. (五分之三)ofthesoil(wash)awaybythefloodlastnight.3. (一半)ofthedesksinthisschool(make)in

12、hiscompany.(2) injurevt.e.g.:吸烟会损害你的健康。去年他在一次交通事故中受了伤。辨析injure,hurt,woundnjure常指偶然事故对人造成的损害”。hurtv.受伤，伤害。常用于口语，主要指肉体或感情上所受到的伤害，也含有疼痛（vi.）”的意思。woundvt.伤，伤害。&n.伤，伤口。指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，尤指在战争中、战斗中受伤。即学即练 Hegotinthewar. Hedidn'twanttoherfeelings. Yesterdaymyleg.Tomfelldownfromthetreeandhislegs.6. Peop

13、lewereshocked人们震惊了。shockv.un.休克，打击，震惊cn.令人震惊的事派生词sshockedadj.震惊的1 shockingadj.令人震惊的搭配beshockedat（doing）sth.对（做）某事感到震惊beshockedtodosth.惧怕做某事即学即练Thechild'sbadlanguage(使大家都感到震惊)。他对她的抽烟感到震惊。 Thenewsofhiswife'sdeathwastohim.(一个沉重的打击) Allofthepeoplepresentfeltatthenews.所有在场的人们对这个令人震惊的消息感到震惊。7. Som

14、eoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.rescuen.&vt.援救，营救典例赏析1) .Thepolicecametohisrescueandpulledhimoutoftheriver.警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。2) .Therescueteammadecountlessrescuesduringtheearthquake.营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。3) .Michaelrescuedaboyfromdrowning.迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。自主探究rescuesb./sth.fromsb./s

15、eto/gotosb'srescue=rescuesb.arescueteam救援队arescuemission救援任务rescueworkers救援人员即学即练用rescue的适当形式填空4) .Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,fromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.5) .Thefiremenfivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.8. Allhopewas_notlost.典型例句 Allthestudentsdonotknowhowtodealwiththeprob

16、lem.=Notallthestudentsknowhowtodealwiththeproblem. Idon'tknowallofthem. Bothofthestudentsdon'tlikethestory.®Everyonedoesn'tlikethestory.=Noteveryonelikesthestory.自主探究表示全体”意义的词;,”等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定。而“none,neither,nobody,nothing等表完全否定。如：Nobodylikesthestory.Neitherofthestudentslikesthes

17、tory.即学即练中译英1) .并非这两个学生这个故事。2) .这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。9. Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.buryv.埋葬，掩藏 Shebesideherhusband'sgrave.她被安葬在丈夫的坟旁。 Thepaperunderapileofbook.那份文件被掩藏在一堆书下面。Shethought.她陷入沉思。 Hehisbooks.他埋头读书。常用短语beburiedinburyoneselfin埋头于,专心于。10. a(great)numberof许多

18、，大量的(后跟可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数)eg:诳多学生反对这个计划。归纳拓展 many,agreatgoodmany,hundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof,(quite)afew+可数名词复数 much,agreatdealof,(quite)alittle+不可数名词plentyof,alotof,lotsof+可数名词复数不可数名词即学即练Thenumberofpeopleinvited50,butanumberofthemabsent.A.was;wasB.was;wereC.were;wasD.were;werePeriod3Grammar定语从句-关

19、系代词的用法一定语从句的概念1 .在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2 .引导定语从句的词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whos巡，关系副词有where,why,whence3 .关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，有三个作用：1连接主从句(引导定语从句)2.指代先行词3在定语从句中做句子成分。4 .定语从句一般位于先行词后面。二关系代词的用法1 who的用法who引导定语从句时，在从句中做主语或宾语，(做宾语时可省)先行词是人。Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeoutoftrouble.

20、他就是那个帮我解决困难的人。Idon'tknohewomanwhoyouspoketojustnow.我不认识那个刚才你与她交谈的妇女。2 whom的用法whom引导定语从句时，在从句中做宾语，（可省）先行词是人。Thedoctorwhom/whoyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那个医生在房间里。Sheasgirlwithwhomyoucantalkfreely.她是一个你可以与之随便交流的姑娘。注意whom引导定语从句时不能用作从句的主语。whom可以构成介词+whom”引导定语从句3 whose用法whose引导定语从何时，在从句中做定语，意思为：”的

21、”，表示所属关系，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。Heslivinginaroomwhosewindowfacestheeast.他住在一个窗户朝东的房间里。TheboywhosespokenEnglishisexcellentdrawsourattention.那个英语口语极好的男孩引起了我们的注意。知识拓展Whose+rf引导的定语从何相当于“the+n+of+which/whom“ofwhich/whom+the+n.号I导的定语从句 .Pleasepassmetheboowkhosecoverisyellowandblack.=pleasepassmethebookthecoverofw

22、hichisyellowandblack.请把那本封面是黑黄相间的书递给我。 .Wesawsomepeoplewhosecarhadbrokendown.=Wesawsomepeoplethecarofwhomhadbrokendown.4 that与which的用法that和which在它们引导的定语从句中做主语或宾语，（做宾语时可省）that的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，which的先行词是物。Theyfinallyreachedastorehousethat/whichusedtobeachurch.他们最后到了一个曾经是一个教堂的仓库那里。Ihavebeenkeepingthepre

23、senttshat/whichhesentme.我一直保存着他送给我的礼物注意在下列情况which和that不能换用1只用that不用which的情况： 先行词是人时WealllikethenewteacherthatteachesusEnglish.我们都喜欢教我们英语的那位新老师 先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,many,some,something,nothing,anything,everything等时。Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.我们所必须做的是就是每天练习。IdlloeverythingthatIcan(do

24、)tohelpyou.我将尽一切努力来帮助你。 当先行词被all,few,little,theonly,any,no,thevery等修饰时。Everymeansthathadbeentriedprovedtobeuseless.尝试过的每一种方法都被证明是无用的Ivereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.我已经读了你给我的所有的书。HeistheverymanthatIamlookingfor. 当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我将永远不会忘记我的第一堂课。Itsthemo

25、stinterestingbookthavteIeverread.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的书。 当先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈起了他们所记得的学校里面的人和事。 当theway做先行词且引导词在从句中做状语时，引导词用that或inwhich,也可省略。Ihatetheway(that)/(inwhich)hetalkstohiswife.我讨厌他和他妻子说话的方式。 一些以which/who开头的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复，用that引导。Whichisthebookthatyo

26、uwant?Whoisthechildthatlosthiskey? 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(只限于限定性定语从句)。Heisnotthepersonthathewas30yearsago.注意that和who的先行词都是人，但有时只用whoHewhodoesn'treachtheGreatWallisnotatruemSni长城非好汉。Asportsfanissomeonewholovestoplayorwatchsports.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者大助。总

27、结：先行词是人称代词someone/anyon电指人的不定代词those/one/oneS旨人时注意定语从句中谓语动词的单复数 Doyouknowtheboywho_is(be)standingunderthetree? Doyouknowtheboyswhoare(be)standingunderthetree?总结：如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词要与主语保持一致.Sheisoneofthestudentswhohavehave)beentoBeijing.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhdnas(have)beentoBeijing.5、as的用法:(

28、as引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)(1)如为限制性的，多用于thesameas;thesameas>uchas；asmany/muchas；soa霹结构中。如：1 .Ihavethesamebookasyou(have)我有一本和你的一样的书。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(系代词as和指示代词same连用，在从句中用作表语，先行词是same.)2 比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyes

29、terday.比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)(2)如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如,这一点"。(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc1. Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作主语)

30、=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.或:Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow（.as作宾语）或:Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.2. Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.（宾语,先行词是前面整个句子）三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行

31、词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。1） .ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。2） .Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。

32、（见上句翻译）比较:Hehasasister,whoisamusician.Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.定语从句练习一、选择题1. Doyouknowthegirlistalkingwithyourmother?A.whoB.whichC.whoseD./2. ThisisthekiteBillyFishergavetoTomA.whoB.whichC./D.BothBandC3. Hewastheonlyonewassavedintheearthquake.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.AandB4. ThisistheonlypresentIlike.A

33、.whoB.thatC.whichD.BandC5. ThisisthemostbeautifulplaceIhaveeverseen.A.whichB.whoC.whereD./6. AllIcandoistogivehimsomemoney.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what7. Isthereanythingelseyouneed?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatt far from here.8. ThemuseumwevisitedlastweekisnA.whereB.whichC.whatD.who9. Whereisthescientist

34、gaveusthetalkyesterday?A.whichB.thatC.whatD./10. MostofthepeoplelosttheirlivesintheearthquakeareSichuannatives.A.whenB.whoC.howD.which11. Doyouthinkmoststudentsprefertestshaveeasyquestions?A.whoB.whereC.whenD.that12. Mymumprefersmusicquietandgentle.A.thatareB.thatisC.whichhasD.whoseis13. Theboyyousa

35、wjustnowisTomsbrother.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD./14. Thebikeanditsriderhadrunoveranoldwomanwerehelpedupbythepoliceman.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom15. Shewasbecomingfat,botheredherverymuch.A.whichB.thatC.itD.ofwhom16. TheAmazon（亚马逊河），liesintheAndes佼第斯山脉）istheworld'slongestriver.A.itssourceB.whichsourceC.w

36、hosesourceD.thesourceofit17. ThereasonIcantcomeisIhavetoworklate.A.for,whyB.why,becauseC.because,thatD.why,that18. Whoisthatmanistellingthechildrenastory?A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whoever19. ShetellsusthatLaoWangisapersonwecanlearnalot.A.whomB.thatC.fromwhomD.aboutwhom20. Isthisthefactoryyouworkedfiveyears

37、ago?A. in whichB. in whereC. in thatD. that二、用适当的关系代词填空1. DoyoulikethepresentIboughtyouyesterday?2. Thestorybookwaswrittenbyhisuncleisquiteinteresting.3. Theboycomputerdoesn'tworkwellneedsyourhelp.4. Thisisthebestmoviewehaveseenthisyear.5. ThedoctorwemetinthestreetisfromAmerica.6. Thepassengersa

38、ndthesuitcaseswereinthewaitingroomhadtowaitforanotherplane.7. Whoisthegirlyouwanttomakefriendswith?8. ThisisthelastlessonMr.Smithtaughtus.9. I,amyourfriend,willhelpyouout.10. Thebuildingwalliswhiteismyuncle'shouse.11. TheboyJohnspokewithismybrother.12. W川youpleaselendmetheverypictureyouboughtyes

39、terday?13. Thestudentstheteacherpraisedattheclassmeetingisourmonitor.14. Theseasoncomesafterspringissummer.15. ThisisthefirstmuseumwevisitedlastSaturday.16. Thegirllegwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentothehospital.17. Ifoundsomephotosofinterestingplaceswerenotfarawayfromourcity.18. Thereisaboydownsta

40、irswanttoseeyou.19. Theriverbanksarecoveredwithtreesisverylong.20. I'mgoingtomeetTomtheysayisagoodboy.Period4Usinglanguage自主学案词汇知识1 .(n.)祝贺(v)祝贺2 .(v)判断(n.)判断(n.)裁判员3 .(v.)尊敬(adj.)高尚的4 .(v.)表示，表达(n.)快车快递(n.)表达表情5 .(v.)骑自行车(n.)骑自行车的人重点词组1. aspeech作演讲2.betodosth乐意做某事3.beproud为.而自豪4.haveaconversati

41、on和交谈5.beknomn因为/作为而出名要点探究1. Congratulations!祝贺你！congratulation(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词1) Congratulationsonyourpassingexam!祝贺你通过了这次考试。2) Theyreceivedmanylettersofcongratulation.他们收到了很多祝贺信。【拓展】congratulate祝贺congratulatesbonsthH某事向某人祝贺congratulateoneselfonsth因某事感到高兴或者庆幸celebratesth.庆祝(节日等)即学即练3) .I.我为他们的成功向他们表示祝

42、贺。4) Hecanhavingdoneanexcellentjob.他应该为他出色的工作感到高兴。2. Youspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatthatitwasthebestonethisyear.典例赏析1) .Hisfatherusedtobeajudge.2) .She'sagoodjudgeofwine.她是鉴别酒的专家。3) .Theblindcan'tjudgecolors.4) .Don'judgeamanbyhislooks.自主探究judgen.v.judgesb./sth.

43、by/from通过判断asfarasIjudge我认为judgingfrom/by从来看，根据判断即学即练用与judge相关的词汇填空1) .hisappearance,hemustbearichman.2) .,hemustbefromthesouth.3) Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster.典例赏析1) Childrenshouldhonourtheirparents2) TheywenttoShanghaitohonourtheirmotheronher80birthday.

44、3) Itisanhonourtomeetyou.anhonoredperson4) Theyfightforthehonouroftheircountry.5) Itwasagreathonourtobeinvitedheretoday.自主探究honor(vt.)(n.)常用短语show/dohonortosb对表示敬意，给带来荣誉havethehonortodosth很荣幸地做某事inhonorof/inone'honor为2己念,以名义重点单词拓展1extreme;extremly2.nation;national3.dirt;dirty4.suffering;suffer;s

45、ufferer.5.injure,injury.6.destroy,destruction.7.electridty,electric,electrical.8.congratulation,congratulate.9.frighten,frightening,frightened.重点短语1.away2.to3.little4.as5.if6.at7.across8.in9.the10.of11.out12.a语篇导读Lead-inI.Tornadoearthquakesnowslidefiremudflowfloodtyphoonvolcanosandstormn.Earthquakem

46、.1.1).Brightlightswillflashinthesky.2) Animals,suchascows,dogs,horsesandsnakes,willbeverynervousandupset.3) Thewellhaddeepcracksinit.4) Chickenswereflyinganddogswerebarking,andpigsandcowsweretoonervoustoeat.5) Fishjumpedoutofthepond,andmiceranoutofthefields.5.1) .Don'tbenervousandkeepcalm.2) .Don'trytorunoutoftheclassroom.3) .Protectyourheadbyputtingyourbagonyourhead.4) .Squatorsitdownunderyourdesk.5) .Leavetheclassroomaftertheearthquake3 .Wecan'stopearthquakes,butwecantrytoreducethelossescausedbyearthquakes.Tobuildhousesasstrongaspossible;Tobuildhousesonrockratherthanonsand.4 Try