必修51 Great scientist 2016年高考英语一轮复习资料原卷版

1、Unit 1 Great scientist 【考情解读】 应该掌握的重点单词 1characteristic n特征；特性 2conclude vt. & vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束 3defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败 4attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 5expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光exposion n暴露 6cure n治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗 7challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战challenger n挑战者 8absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 9suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspi

2、cion n怀疑suspicious adj.有疑心的 10foresee vt.预见；预告foretell v预言forecast v预报 11blame vt.责备；谴责 n过失；责备 12pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染 13handle n柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵 14link vt. & n连接；联系 15announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告 16instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n教授；传授instructions n指示，说明 17construct vt.建设；修建constr

3、uction n建设；建筑物 18contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n贡献 19spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱) 20reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n拒绝；抛弃 应该掌握的重点短语 1put forward 提出 2draw a conclusion 得出结论 3expose.to 使显露；暴露 4link.to. 将和联系或连接起来 5 之外；此外除 apart from 6make sense 讲得通；有意义 7look into 调查；研究 8at times 有时 9be a

4、gainst 反对 10(be) strict with 对严格的 11be to blame 应受责备 12with certainty 肯定地 应该掌握的重点句型 1So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 因次每一次暴发(霍乱)都会有成千上万恐慌的人死去。 2Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳 放在中心位置上，天空中

5、其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 3He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着太阳转 【重点词汇突破】 使结束，终止1 conclude v. 断定，推断出；得出结论； in conclusion ， 写作高频词汇to conclude【 应试指导】 结束就某事与某人达成协议；以conclude sth.with. 推断出conclude sth.from.从 to conclude最后 得出结论arrive at/r

6、each/e to/draw a conclusion 结论make a conclusion下 in conclusion总之；最后So what can we conclude from this debate? 那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？ 【夯实基础】 语法填空(1)He concluded his speech with a famous saying. (2)What can we conclude from Stafford's research?(3)In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoye

7、d myself today. (4)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude(conclude) it with important points. 2 attend v.出席，参加；照料，护理；处理，对付 be present at 应试指导】 其高级词汇是【 上课/做礼拜attend school/class/church上学/ attend on/upon sb.伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to sb./sth.处理；倾听；照料；专心；注意sands of people attended

8、the ceremony. Thou 数千人参加了庆典。The main thing is to attend to the injured. 首要任务是照顾伤者。 夯实基础】【 语法填空Would you like to join us in the game? (1)for I have something important to attend(attend) to. ，I'm afraid not(2)You must attend to your work. 暴露；揭露；使曝光3 expose v. 应试指导】 非谓语动词句法功能的考查【 expose.to使显露；暴露 暴露

9、于；经受be exposed to 让某人接触某物；使某人暴露于expose sb.to.They have not been exposed to most diseases mon to urban populations. 城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue. 一特定问题的多种观点。这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某 【 夯实基础】 (1)The newspaper exposed his secret to the public. )The newspape

10、r let out his secret to the public.(用let out改写句子:.来源) 改写句子give away用The newspaper gave away his secret to the public.(2)Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(用v.-ing的主动形式作主语改写句子) If expose

11、d to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin injured. (用if省略句改写句子) (3)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill. Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子) 吸收液体、气体等；吸引全部注意力4 absorb v.；使全神贯注 ；使并入，吞并:.来源 absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意 absorb.

12、from.从中吸收 be absorbed in全神贯注于 be absorbed by/into被吞并吸引 Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。 She was absorbed in the book. 她专心于这本书。 思考 表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus one's attention on，devote.to，concentrate one's mind

13、on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。 【 夯实基础】 (1)用absorb的适当形式填空 When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. He had an absorbed look on his face. Where is Jimmy? Just now I saw him sitting under the tree，absorbed in his video games. (2)He was so absorb

14、ed in TV that he forgot to sleep. Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子) 5 blame v.把归咎于，责怪，指责；责任过失；n.； 责备，指责 主动形式表被动意义的用法be to blame 应试指导】 【blame sb.for.因而指责某人；把归咎于某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责；为承担责任 put/lay th

15、e blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上 Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。 The president put the blame pletely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。 【 词义辨析】 blame，charge，accuse (1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人，blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。 (2)charge控告；谴责

16、。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。 (3)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。 【 夯实基础】 (1)用blame，charge，accuse的适当形式填空 It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident. She was said to have been charged with drunken driving. I was told that he was accused of murder. (2)他把

17、考试失败归咎于老师。(一句多译) He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame.on) He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame.for) He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n) 6 contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助；是的原因之一 ；贡献；投稿 【 多词一义】 contribute to，result in，be res

18、ponsible for，bring about，lead to contribute.to.把贡献给 contribute to有助于；导致；把时间投入到 make a contribution/contributions to对作出贡献/捐款 He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion. 他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。 Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund？你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？ 图解助记】【 夯实基础】【 同义句改写(1)

19、Various factors contributed to his downfall. Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall. ) whatever is in 每个人都贡献(2)In a discussion group，it's very important that everyone (should) contribute(their minds. 提前；将7 put forward提议，提出；拿出；推荐 raise e up with，多词一义】 put forw

20、ard，【 放回原处；积蓄将收起；把put away 忽视；不理睬；储存put aside 延期put off 扑灭put out信函、故事等 写进put in放入；把 May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the mittee? 我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？ 【 夯实基础】 选择方框内的短语填空 put away，put off，put aside，put out，put forward (1)Far water doesn't put out near fire. (2)Encourage children

21、 to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents. (3)The association has put the event off until October. (4)Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put away. (5)Class Three has put forward a reasonable proposal. 之外；此外除8 apart/aside fromexcept ，作为高级词汇替换besides【 应试指导】 的短语：之外”表示“除except，

22、之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besidesapart from/aside from除 。或except for other等连用。also，more，in addition to除之外(还，也)，常与besides，none，nonothing等含有整体肯定或否定)，常与all，every，都except除外(意义的词连用。 except for除以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。 Apart from the cost，the dress doesn't suit me. 姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。 【 夯实基础】 用

23、besides，except，except for，apart from填空 (1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom. (2)We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two. (3)Apart from/Except for the ending，it's a really good film. :Z,xx,k.来源 【句法语法突破】他不，so he only published it as he lay dying

24、in 1543.1 He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church 年临终前才公布了这一观点。想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543:.来源句型公式：形容词作状语 (1)形容词dying在句中作状语，说明谓语动词lay发生时，主语所处的状态。 (2)形容词(短语)作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。 One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing wind. 有一个女人躺在床上，毫无睡意，听着疾驰而过的大风。 【 夯实基础】 用形容词(短

25、语)作状语改写句子 (1)She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied. Happy and satisfied，she suddenly appeared. (2)The boy ran home with fear full of him. The boy ran home，full of fear. 2单元语法根据句意补全句子 (1)The United States is a country which has developed. The United States is a developed country. (2)He

26、 told us of the great wrong which had been done to him. He told us of the great wrong done to him. (3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo. (4)Everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star. (5)There are four used (use) stamps. 【对点训练】 .单项填空 1He became ins

27、pired when he thought about helping ordinary people_to cholera. Aexpose Bexposed D Cexposing to expose 2When he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on the sofa，_in conversation. Aabsorbing Babsorbed D Cto absorb to be absorbed 3Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I _ it

28、，but I was busy preparing for a job interview. Aattended Bhad attended D would have attended Cwould attend 4I think you need some outdoor exercise.Plenty of fresh air will_good health. Acontribute to Bdevote to D adjust to Capply to 5The doctor_you for your cough is sure to_it. Acuring；treat Bcures；

29、treating D treats；cure ；Ctreatingcure 6The_，I think，he drew from his simple experiment is not scientific. Aattention Bconclusion Cpromise Drelation 7_ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. AFar from BApart from D Instead of C Regardless of I was surprised t

30、o see wild flowers in Alaska. 8Many people think there is nothing there _ice and snow. Aexcept for Brather than Dregardless of C apart from 9To be honest，my carelessness_a lot to my failure. Acontributed Bdonated D offered Cprovided 10The building around the corner caught fire last night.The police

31、are now _the matter. Aseeing through Bworking out D watching over Clooking into 11Stay a bit longer，please.It's been such_fun having you here. Thank you，but I've got_early start tomorrow morning. A/；the Ba；an C/；an Dthe；an 12_ for the breakdown of the school puter network，Alice was in low sp

32、irits. ABlaming BBlamed DTo be blamed CTo blame 13_his eyes，Tom found himself_on the roadside. AOpened；lied BOpened；laid DOpening；lain COpening；lying 14The Dead Sea is so salty_it's hard for anything to live in it_is why it's called the Dead Sea. Athat；which Bthat；that D /C；that ； what 15How

33、 did he catch so many fish? By using a_. Abamboo long fishing line Blong bamboo fishing line Cfishing long bamboo line Dbamboo fishing long line .完形填空 I have always been an independent person，but I have e to know that being independent does not mean refusing help.I may still be_1_with asking for hel

34、p，but I try to accept.Furthermore，I will even_2_help and when my offers are refused，I am_3_willing to walk away.And all these changes came from a disaster on an island. Sometimes a person's independence is a_4_of pride，daring，stubbornness and luck.I used to be choosing instead to struggle with m

35、aps ，too_5_since I was little.I was once a traveler who never asked for_6_ and signs until I found my way. Then one day on the island of Koh Phangan，in Thailand，everything_7_.I was swimming in the ocean with Sean，my fiance(未婚夫)，when he was_8_by a box jellyfish(箱型水母)He_9_within three minutes,25 years

36、 old.Yet when onlookers and travelers asked if I wanted_10_，stubborn pride and force of habit_11_me accepting.But two young Israeli women stayed._12_my protest(反对)，they were with me even when the police tried to cover up the_13_of Sean's death.It was listed as drunk drowning to avoid hurting the

37、_14_industry.The Israeli women_15_have walked away._16_，without even telling me，they_17_their schedule rather than leave me behind. _18_I didn't realize it at the time，I now believe I would not have_19_the disaster without these great women.Actually，the person who needs help the most is usually

38、the last person to ask for it.I have learned_20_is better than refusing because it not only helps you walk out of trouble，but also helps you know the real meaning of life. 【语篇解读】独立并不意味着要拒绝帮助，接受帮助比拒绝帮助好，这是作者通过自己的亲身经历领 悟到的道理。 1A.struggling Bdealing D Cconfused satisfied Cseek 2A.offer Ddesire Baccept

39、3A.occasionally Bfrequently D seldom Cusually Cway Dmix 4A.range Bsymbol 5Bbrave A.adventurous Cindependent D creative B6 A.money equipment D suggestions Cdirections B messed 7 A.happened Cchanged D disappeared Cfollowed Dimpressed 8A.attacked Bcaught B A.sunk Cfailed Drecovered died 9Badvice A.pany

40、 10 Cfort Devidence D 11 A.kept suggested B prevented Cdenied 12A.In spite of BIn case of D As a result of CIn terms of Cfact A.proof Dcause Bnews 13 14 A.medicine Bentertainment tourism D fishing C 15A.could Bneed Cshould Dmust 16 A.Therefore BOtherwise C Instead DBesides Cconsidered Dthrew 17A.del

41、ayed Bmade B DCBecause If While 18A.When 19experienced BA.survived Cavoided Dsuffered Cgiving Dbegging 20A.refusing Baccepting 【押题专练】.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We will have a further discussion before we draw a final_(conclude) 2.The prime minister is making an important_(announce) at the moment. 3.Because of t

42、he severe_(pollute)，the water in the river is too dirty to drink. 4.The student_(absorb) in taking down data. 5.The belief that the world is flat is not_(science) 6.Edison_a lot to the development of the world.I admire his great_.(contribute) 7.He tried to_forward，but he could hardly make any_.(move

43、) 8.He was_about making predictions for the success of the program，so we responded_to his decision.(cautious) 9.Many buildings are under_(construct) over there. 10.She_(private) told the secret to me and I promised to keep it. .完成句子 1.Professor Wang said the reason for short-sightedness is plicated

44、and there is still_(没有治疗方法) 2.Keeping prices from going up too sharply is_(对中国是一个挑战)as well as the whole world. 3.Water can_(吸收和放出大量热量)without big changes in temperature，thus creating a stable environment. 4.The army was well-trained and well-armed，and had little difficulty_(打败敌人) )will do harm to y

45、our skin. 暴露在阳光下很长时间5._(6.According to the driver's explanation，it was not his carelessness but the bad road conditions that_(负责任)the accident. 7.Our carelessness_(导致) some cases in recent days. 8.Apart from this，we also_(提出) several suggestions. .阅读理解 Apart from psychological illness，we are all

46、 largely responsible for our own emotional health.What we say to ourselves over and over for days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves.This also contributes to many mental health disorders. our of with negative thoughts playing on the channel Many of us have pr

47、oblems your wearing be could buried in them and believe them，they minds，but if you're switch need to Here are a few beliefs that indicate you may esteem (自尊)sense of self- ？/I'm a failure？I'm not good enoughthe channel：？/I don't deserve.？/No one likes meand they get Negative thoughts

48、 remind you of your bad feelings and they bring your focus on your failures，you nowhere. Here are some suggestions：What can you do？its appear.Self-thoughts talk is not so obvious that we often notice don't channel Switch the when negative the former keeps you ：effect on our mood and belief syste

49、ms.Key things to notice are“if only”or“what if”statementswhile the latter keeps you fearful of the future.There is nothing you can do about the ，stuck in the past with regretso stay in the present moment. and the future isn't here yet，past，Recognize that actions always follow beliefs.You'll

50、find yourself behaving in ways that are consistent to your act as if you believe that you're a valuable and worthy person. ，beliefs.Sostart believing the best about yourself：talk.Instead of always looking down upon yourself in your Develop positive self-talk rather than negative self-？yourself.W

51、hat are your good atyou strengths？What are about actually things of ，headthink some you like ，try saying，“I am capable./I'm good at./I accept myself the way I am.”Instead of saying“I'm a loser”:来源limiting.Decide today to turn off the Thinking poorly about ourselves gets us nowhere and is ext

52、remely self-talk channel in your mind and develop your true potential. negative self- 语篇导读：文章主要告诉大家抛弃消极的思想，培养积极的思想。1.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that_. esteem lots of people have no sense of self-ABfocusing on negative thoughts may have bad effect on people Cnegative thoughts will str

53、engthen our sense of self-esteem Dfew people have negative thoughts and mental problems 2.The underlined word“wearing”in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to“_” Astrengthening Bprotecting Cweakening Dreplacing 3.What do the suggestions in the text tell us？ AOur beliefs always e after actions. BPositive self-talk does good to our mental health. CLooking down upon ourselves is a sign of modesty. D“What if”keeps you stuck in the past with regret. 4.This text is most likely to appear in_. Aa recreation guide Ba medical journal Ca science textbo