Unit6CommercialLitigation高级综合商务英语

1、Unit 6 Commercial LitigationQuizQuiz Reviewing (Unit5)1. gravitate towards iPod2. a smooth-functioning society3. peripheral advantage4. instill enthusiasm 5. Silly String6. 圣诞老人圣诞老人7. 异态混搭异态混搭8. 死胡同死胡同9. 消费主义消费主义10.灵丹妙药灵丹妙药 Previewing (Unit6)11. 思维模式思维模式12. 唯命是从唯命是从13. 建设性关系建设性关系14. 人身伤害人身伤害15. 机密情报

2、机密情报16. at the outset17. material informaion18. anecdotal evidence19. contingency fee20. rule of thumbQuiz Reviewing (Unit5)1. gravitate towards iPod2. a smooth-functioning society3. peripheral advantage4. instill enthusiasm 5. Silly String6. 圣诞老人圣诞老人7. 异态混搭异态混搭8. 死胡同死胡同9. 消费主义消费主义10.灵丹妙药灵丹妙药 Review

3、ing (Unit5) 被被iPod吸引吸引 运转正常的社会运转正常的社会 无关紧要的好处无关紧要的好处 灌输热情灌输热情 /提高积极性提高积极性 喷彩摩丝喷彩摩丝 Santa Claus bisociation a cul-de-sac / a dead end consumerism an elixirQuiz Previewing (Unit6)1. 思维模式思维模式2. 唯命是从唯命是从3. 建设性关系建设性关系4. 人身伤害人身伤害5. 机密情报机密情报6. at the outset7. material informaion8. anecdotal evidence9. cont

4、ingency fee10. rule of thumb Previewing (Unit6) mindsetmindset n. a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations 思维模式思维模式; 思想倾向思想倾向; 心态心态 The greatest challenge for the Americans is understanding the mindset of Eastern Europeans. 对美国人来说，

5、最大的挑战在于理解东欧人的思维方式。对美国人来说，最大的挑战在于理解东欧人的思维方式。Quiz Previewing (Unit6)1. 思维模式思维模式2. 唯命是从唯命是从3. 建设性关系建设性关系4. 人身伤害人身伤害5. 机密情报机密情报6. at the outset7. material informaion8. anecdotal evidence9. contingency fee10. rule of thumb Previewing (Unit6) mindset kowtowkowtow ,kutau If you say that someone kowtows to

6、someone else, you are criticizing them because they are too eager to obey or be polite to someone in authority. 卑躬屈膝卑躬屈膝; 唯命是从唯命是从 See how stupidly they kowtow to persons higher in the hierarchy. 瞧他们对上级唯命是从的样子是多么的愚蠢。瞧他们对上级唯命是从的样子是多么的愚蠢。Quiz Previewing (Unit6)1. 思维模式思维模式2. 唯命是从唯命是从3. 建设性关系建设性关系4. 人身伤

7、害人身伤害5. 机密情报机密情报6. at the outset7. material informaion8. anecdotal evidence9. contingency fee10. rule of thumb Previewing (Unit6) mindset kowtow constructive relationship personal injury confidential information 从一开始从一开始 at the outset at the beginning 在开始时在开始时; 从一开始从一开始 Decide at the outset what kin

8、d of learning programme you want to follow. 一开始就要定下你的学习计划。一开始就要定下你的学习计划。Quiz Previewing (Unit6)1. 思维模式思维模式2. 唯命是从唯命是从3. 建设性关系建设性关系4. 人身伤害人身伤害5. 机密情报机密情报6. at the outset7. material informaion8. anecdotal evidence9. contingency fee10. rule of thumb Previewing (Unit6) mindset kowtow constructive relati

9、onship personal injury confidential information 从一开始从一开始 实质性的信息实质性的信息material informaion Material evidence or information is directly relevant and important in a legal or academic argument. 实质性的实质性的 (证据或信息证据或信息) Quiz Previewing (Unit6)1. 思维模式思维模式2. 唯命是从唯命是从3. 建设性关系建设性关系4. 人身伤害人身伤害5. 机密情报机密情报6. at th

10、e outset7. material informaion8. anecdotal evidence9. contingency fee10. rule of thumb Previewing (Unit6) mindset kowtow constructive relationship personal injury confidential information 从一开始从一开始 实质性的信息实质性的信息 轶事证据轶事证据 anecdotal evidence Anecdotal evidence is based on individual accounts, rather tha

11、n on reliable research or statistics, and so may not be valid. 轶事证据轶事证据 Quiz Previewing (Unit6)1. 思维模式思维模式2. 唯命是从唯命是从3. 建设性关系建设性关系4. 人身伤害人身伤害5. 机密情报机密情报6. at the outset7. material informaion8. anecdotal evidence9. contingency fee10. rule of thumb Previewing (Unit6) mindset kowtow constructive relati

12、onship personal injury confidential information 从一开始从一开始 实质性的信息实质性的信息 轶事证据轶事证据 胜诉费胜诉费contingency fee n. a fee that is payable only if the outcome is successful (as for an attorneys services) 胜诉费胜诉费Quiz Previewing (Unit6)1. 思维模式思维模式2. 唯命是从唯命是从3. 建设性关系建设性关系4. 人身伤害人身伤害5. 机密情报机密情报6. at the outset7. mate

13、rial informaion8. anecdotal evidence9. contingency fee10. rule of thumb Previewing (Unit6) mindset kowtow constructive relationship personal injury confidential information 从一开始从一开始 实质性的信息实质性的信息 轶事证据轶事证据 胜诉费胜诉费 经验法则经验法则rule of thumb n. a rule or principle that provides guidance to appropriate behavi

14、or (根据实践或经验总结的根据实践或经验总结的)经验法则经验法则 Unit 6 Commercial LitigationLead-inIn Court1. If you have an argument about your divorce, you may settle it in a _. A. tennis court B. legal court C. civil court D. criminal court Key: C. civil court 民事法庭民事法庭In Court2. Did you know the _ of OJ Simpson in the US was

15、the longest ever, costing over $20,000,000 to fight? A. court B. judge C. sentence D. trial Key: D. trial 审判的过程审判的过程In Court3. The decision guilty or not guilty is known as _. A. the verdict B. making your mind up C. the decision D. the choice Key: A. the verdict 陪审团的评决陪审团的评决In Court4. Which of the

16、following is NOT correct: He got a 5 year _ for committing a series of burglaries. A. verdict B. sentence C. stretch D. prison term Key: A. the verdict 是判决是判决, 并不是惩罚或者刑期并不是惩罚或者刑期In Court5. The lawyer who fights the criminal case is called the defence (辩方律师辩方律师), but what do we call the lawyer on the

17、 other side? A. persecution B. prosecution C. attacker D. opposition Key: B. prosecution 控方律师控方律师In Court5. The lawyer who fights the criminal case is called the defence (辩方律师辩方律师), but what do we call the lawyer on the other side? A. persecution 迫害迫害 B. prosecution C. attacker 进攻者进攻者D. opposition 反

18、对派反对派 Key: B. prosecution 控方律师控方律师In Court6. In the UK the decision whether somebody is guilty or not guilty is made by 12 members of the public; these people are known as _. A. the lawyers B. the barristers C. the judge D. the jury Key: D. the jury 陪审团陪审团 In Court6. In the UK the decision whether s

19、omebody is guilty or not guilty is made by 12 members of the public; these people are known as _. A. the lawyers B. the barristers (英英)(有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的)专门律师专门律师C. the judge D. the jury Key: D. the jury 陪审团陪审团 Reducing the Risk of Commercial Litigation in the United StatesTitlelitigation n

20、. the process of fighting or defending a case in a civil court of law 诉讼诉讼 The settlement ends more than four years of litigation on behalf of the residents. 这次和解结束了代表居民的长达四年多的诉讼。这次和解结束了代表居民的长达四年多的诉讼。commercial litigation 商业诉讼；商事诉讼商业诉讼；商事诉讼Reducing the Risk of Commercial Litigation in the United Sta

21、tesTitleReducing the Risk of Commercial Litigation in the United StatesStructure AnalysisStructure Analysisv Para. 1 Introduction: inevitability of litigation and prospect of making it less severe v Paras. 2-4 The mindset: limiting tangible risks v Paras. 5-13 The environmental risk of litigation Re

22、ducing the Risk of Commercial Litigation in the United StatesDetailed ReadingPara. 1v What can we do to lower the risks of coming down with the common cold?come down with If you come down with an illness, you get it. 得得 (病病) Thomas came down with the chickenpox. 托马斯得了水痘。托马斯得了水痘。Para. 1v What can we

23、do to lower the risks of coming down with the common cold? Take vitamins Wash our hands Stay out of draftsPara. 1v What are the similarities between litigation and coming down with the common cold? Neither of them can be eliminated despite good efforts.Structure Analysisv Para. 1 Introduction: inevi

24、tability of litigation and prospect of making it less severe v Paras. 2-4 The mindset: limiting tangible risks v Paras. 5-13 The environmental risk of litigation Paras. 2-4v Locate all the synonyms of lawyer? Practitioner. Attorney. Advocate. Counsel. Litigator.practitioner n. someone who practices

25、a learned profession 开业者开业者, 从业者从业者, 执业医生执业医生attorney t:ni n. a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice 律师律师; 代理人代理人 At the hearing, her attorney did not enter a plea. 在听证会上，她的律师没有提出申诉。在听证会上，她的律师没有提出申诉。counsel kaunsl n. a lawyer who pleads cases in cou

26、rt 辩护律师辩护律师advocate n. a lawyer who pleads cases in court 辩护律师辩护律师litigator litigeit n. a lawyer who helps someone take legal action 诉讼律师诉讼律师 Paras. 2-4v Locate all the synonyms of lawyer? Practitioner. Attorney. Advocate. Counsel. Litigator.Para. 2v How can a commercial transaction be made? By acce

27、ntuating the positive and de-emphasizing the negative.accentuate ksentjueit vt. emphasize; stress; make more noticeable 强调强调; 使突出使突出 His shaven head accentuates his large round face. 他剃了的光头突出了他的大圆脸。他剃了的光头突出了他的大圆脸。de-emphasize vt. to remove emphasis from 不予强调不予强调 to de-emphasize exports and encourage

28、 domestic consumption 减少出口减少出口,鼓励国内消费鼓励国内消费IQ Testv 对那些让你觉得不舒服的人，可以对他隐身或将他从好友对那些让你觉得不舒服的人，可以对他隐身或将他从好友名单上删除。名单上删除。 It is possible to block or de-friend people who make you feel uncomfortable. l Prefix de-: remove.Para. 2v What is a source of substantial lawyer-client tension? Lawyers who often warn

29、of the risks are perceived of as a nuisance.Para. 2v In the worst situation, a lawyer can be perceived of as a gadfly, a Cassandra that can place a damper on the enthusiasm for a deal.gadfly n. any of various large flies that annoy livestock; a persistently annoying person 牛虻牛虻; 讨厌的人讨厌的人Cassandra ks

30、ndr n. (Greek mythology) a prophetess in Troy during the Trojan War whose predictions were true but were never believed 希腊神话 卡珊德拉卡珊德拉(特洛伊公主，能预卜吉凶。因拒绝阿波罗的求爱，受其诅咒，后无人再相信她的预言) 凶事预言家凶事预言家; 不为人所信的预言家不为人所信的预言家put/place a damper on . To put a damper on something means to have an effect on it which stops it

31、 being as enjoyable or as successful as it should be. 令令.扫兴扫兴 The cold weather put a damper on our plans. 寒冷的天气给我们的计划涂上一层灰色。寒冷的天气给我们的计划涂上一层灰色。Para. 2v In the worst situation, a lawyer can be perceived of as a gadfly, a Cassandra that can place a damper on the enthusiasm for a deal. 在最糟的情况下，律师被认为是一个惹

32、人讨厌的人，律师在最糟的情况下，律师被认为是一个惹人讨厌的人，律师和希腊神话中能够预言凶事的卡珊德拉一样能浇灭人们谈和希腊神话中能够预言凶事的卡珊德拉一样能浇灭人们谈生意的一腔热情。生意的一腔热情。Para. 2v What pressure is the lawyer under? To act humbly before the client.Para. 2v In the American system, which adorns the lawyer with the mantle of a gladiator, the attorney is under tremendous pre

33、ssure to kowtow to the client, which often entails shying away from addressing the weaknesses of a course of action, especially where the outcome, at least in the short term, is expected to be very profitable.adorn vt. furnish with power or authority; of kings or emperors 赋予赋予mantle n. the cloak as

34、a symbol of authority 责任责任; 职责职责 We have the rare opportunity to seize the mantle of national leadership. 这次是我们担当国家领导职责的天赐良机。这次是我们担当国家领导职责的天赐良机。gladiator ldieit n. (ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat; disputer; controversialist

35、 角斗士角斗士 ; 争论者争论者kowtow ,kutau If you say that someone kowtows to someone else, you are criticizing them because they are too eager to obey or be polite to someone in authority. 卑躬屈膝卑躬屈膝; 唯命是从唯命是从 See how stupidly they kowtow to persons higher in the hierarchy. 瞧他们对上级唯命是从的样子是多么的愚蠢。瞧他们对上级唯命是从的样子是多么的愚蠢

36、。shy away from . If you shy away from doing something, you avoid doing it, often because you are afraid or not confident enough. (因害怕或信心不足而因害怕或信心不足而) 避免避免 We frequently shy away from making decisions. 我们常常因为害怕而避免做决定。我们常常因为害怕而避免做决定。address vt. direct a question at someone 重点提出重点提出 The problem will on

37、ly get worse if it is not addressed. 如果不重点解决一下，这个问题只能恶化。如果不重点解决一下，这个问题只能恶化。a course of action 行动方案行动方案Para. 2v In the American system, which adorns the lawyer with the mantle of a gladiator, the attorney is under tremendous pressure to kowtow to the client, which often entails shying away from addre

38、ssing the weaknesses of a course of action, especially where the outcome, at least in the short term, is expected to be very profitable. 美国的法律制度给律师们赋予了角斗士的职责，背负巨大美国的法律制度给律师们赋予了角斗士的职责，背负巨大压力的律师们只能尽力讨好当事人，这迫使他们尽量避免压力的律师们只能尽力讨好当事人，这迫使他们尽量避免谈及采取法律行动的缺陷，特别当人们认为诉讼结果至少谈及采取法律行动的缺陷，特别当人们认为诉讼结果至少能在短期内带来巨大经济利益

39、的时候。能在短期内带来巨大经济利益的时候。Para. 2v What is the similarity between American lawyers and gladiators? American system places lawyers in a greatly stressful working environment. Having chosen a highly profitable but stressful profession, lawyers have to fight hard to win over clients just like gladiators who

40、 fight grimly for survival. Para. 3v What kind of transaction presents significant litigation risks? Transactions that involve parties with utmost confidence in one anothers integrity, thus not making their contract airtight.Para. 3v What are the differences in perspective between the litigator and

41、corporate attorney? Corporate attorney: viewing a snapshot Litigator: viewing a motion picture at the beginning: high expectations in the middle: disillusionment, a sense of injustice in the end: mistrustl Litigator: more cynicalsnapshot n. a photograph that is taken quickly and casually 快照快照 Let me

42、 take a snapshot of you guys, so friends back home can see you. 让我给你们大家拍张快照让我给你们大家拍张快照, 这样家里的朋友们可以看到你这样家里的朋友们可以看到你们。们。motion picture n. a form of entertainment that enacts a story by a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement 电影电影disillusionment ,disilju:nmnt n. the disappointme

43、nt that you feel when you discover that something is not as good as you had expected or thought 幻灭幻灭; 醒悟醒悟 Polls have charted growing disillusionment with the campaign. 民意调查显示人们对这场运动越来越失望。民意调查显示人们对这场运动越来越失望。asunder If something tears or is torn asunder, it is violently separated into two or more par

44、ts or pieces. 化为碎片地化为碎片地Para. 4v What should a counsel keep in mind when the clients are making a transaction? To maintain a business relationship based on the corporate interests.Paras. 2-4v What are the suggestions on how to reduce the risks of litigation? Firstly, managing litigation risks entail

45、s making a dispassionate assessment of reality. It is critical for the client to establish a constructive relationship with counsel and perceive counsel as an objective and dispassionate advocate for reason and prudence.Paras. 2-4v What are the suggestions on how to reduce the risks of litigation? S

46、econdly, it is important to make a risk assessment at the outset of a transaction. Counsel can easily identify and provide for litigation risks if they prevail upon the client to take the long view of its business associations. Counsel must assess the clients transaction partners and their business

47、relationships and abide by the golden rule of contemporary commercial world “business is business”. Structure Analysisv Para. 1 Introduction: inevitability of litigation and prospect of making it less severe v Paras. 2-4 The mindset: limiting tangible risks v Paras. 5-13 The environmental risk of li

48、tigation Para. 5v What are the sources of litigation risks? The tense relationship between client and counsel. constructive a near perfect flow of material information The transaction environment. Paras. 6-7v What about the transaction environment in America? Predictability (a generally positive bus

49、iness climate) Political and economic stability prevail. Unpredictability (litigation: another cost of doing business) Americans are highly litigious.prevail If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails, it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument. 占上风占上风 We hoped that com

50、mon sense would prevail. 我们希望常识能占上风。我们希望常识能占上风。IQ Testv 本合同以中文和英文书就，如有不一致，以中文文本为准。本合同以中文和英文书就，如有不一致，以中文文本为准。 This Contract shall be written in both Chinese and English. In the event of any inconsistency between the two versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.Paras. 6-7v What about the transactio

51、n environment in America? Predictability (a generally positive business climate) Political and economic stability prevail. Unpredictability (litigation: another cost of doing business) Americans are highly litigious.Paras. 6-7v Why are the American people regarded as a highly litigious? 3 lawyers in

52、 1000 people (U.S.) 1.6 lawyers in 10,000 people (China) Popular literature.Lawyers in Americav Top 100 Law Firms 79v Average Annual Income $100,000v Average Age 47v Number of Lawyer-turned-President 23Paras. 6-7v What contributes to the litigiousness in the U.S.? Thirst for easy money. Contemporary

53、 American culture: de-emphasis of loyalty and honor.Paras. 8-9v What role does contingency fee play in the litigation and frivolous litigation?contingency fee n. a fee that is payable only if the outcome is successful (as for an attorneys services) 胜诉费胜诉费IQ Testv Para. 6 Attorneys working on conting

54、encyv Para. 8 Attorneys working with the expectation of obtaining an award of damages Contingency-fee-based lawyersParas. 8-9v What role does contingency fee play in the litigation and frivolous litigation?frivolous frivls adj. not useful; not serious in content or attitude or behavior 无用的无用的; 轻率的轻率

55、的 Paras. 8-9v What role does contingency fee play in the litigation and frivolous litigation? Contigency arragements drive the legal market. Litigators are far more reluctant to work on contingency. On balance, a party with a bona fide cause of action is more likely to resort to litigation.Paras. 8-

56、9v What role does contingency fee play in the litigation and frivolous litigation? Contigency arragements drive the legal market. Litigation areas: Personal injury 人身伤害人身伤害; Products liability 产品质量责任产品质量责任; Class actions 集体诉讼集体诉讼.Paras. 8-9v What role does contingency fee play in the litigation and

57、frivolous litigation? Litigators are far more reluctant to work on contingency. Commercial litigation: Contract damages are capped.l contract damages 违约损赔违约损赔Paras. 8-9v What role does contingency fee play in the litigation and frivolous litigation? Litigators are far more reluctant to work on conti

58、ngency. Exception: The purpose of the litigation is to harass; The quality of legal work is not a high priority.Para. 8v What does retain mean in a party may be able to retain a young and eager lawyer on contingency? vt. to keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to hire; to engage 付定金聘请付定

59、金聘请Para. 8v Why is it that only a young and eager lawyer will be willing to work on contingency? Because most contingency-fee-based lawyers: Discriminating; Take on a client only when the prospects of victory are significant.discriminating Someone who is discriminating has the ability to recognize t

60、hings that are of good quality. 有鉴别能力的有鉴别能力的 More discriminating visitors now tend to shun the area. 更多有鉴别能力的游客现在趋向于避开此地。更多有鉴别能力的游客现在趋向于避开此地。Para. 9v What is the rule of thumb for counsel trying to assess the litigation risks? Less risk in disputes: factually and legally complex (辩论内容辩论内容)从事实和法律角度来说