高中英语动词不定式

1、动词不定式动词不定式 so that adj/adv + enough to do sth be caught in as a result of as a result wake up to 形式宾语形式宾语 make/think/feel/find+it +adj to do形式主语形式主语 It is + adj+(for sb) to do/doing/从句从句 prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth one after another sweep away have an effect on take in give out I couldnt agree w

2、ith you more I have no idea in a nutshell Its scary Ill do my best from what I understand put into take away if possible try to do sth look after think about非谓语动词非谓语动词doing 动名词动名词&现在分词现在分词done 过去分词过去分词to do 不定式不定式to do 可以作除谓语之外的任何成分可以作除谓语之外的任何成分 不定式的形式：不定式的形式：主动主动被动被动一般式一般式to do to be done进行式进行式

3、to be doing /完成式完成式to have doneto have been done其否定形式：其否定形式：not to do1) 一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。He seems to know French.(同时发生同时发生)I expect to hear from you soon. hear from you 动作在动作在expect之后之后2) 进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生并在进行中。生并在进行中。He

4、pretends to be working hard.3) 完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。前。I regretted to have told a lie.先发生先发生关于句子成分：关于句子成分：必不可少的成分：必不可少的成分：主语主语 + 谓语谓语 (+ 宾语宾语) 主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语其它成分：其它成分：定语，状语，补足语定语，状语，补足语 I had a very difficult job to do in my office yesterday.主语主语谓语谓语定语定语宾语宾语定语定语地点状语地点状语时间状语

5、时间状语不定式的句法功能：不定式的句法功能：1) 作主语作主语 谓语动词用单三形式，常用谓语动词用单三形式，常用it作形式主作形式主语语To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well.you are foolish 在形式主语中在形式主语中 It is + adj+for sb to do 与与 It is +adj+of sb to do的区别的区别for sb 结构中结构中 adj 表示事情的特征，指客观情况表示事情的特征，指客观情况of sb 结构中结构中 adj 说明说明sb 的特征。的特征

6、。It is foolish of you to say such words.It is necessary for us to learn our lessons well. we are necessary2) 作表语作表语 (系动词之后为表语系动词之后为表语)Your job is to wash dishes. All I did was (to) give him some advice.表语不定式如果解释主语中表语不定式如果解释主语中do的意义时，的意义时，to可以省可以省略。略。3) 作宾语作宾语 在在vt之后之后 用用to do 形式形式此类动词：此类动词：decide,ho

7、pe,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage,agree,promise,等等She promised to give him a chance.4) 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 v + sb/sth + to do(补充说明补充说明) 此类动词：此类动词：want, wish, ask, tell, teach, allow等等He told me not to bring you anything. 注意：注意： to do 在感官动词在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等和使役动词等和使役动词let, make, have等后面等后

8、面作宾补时，省略作宾补时，省略to. 而而help之后的之后的to可加可不加。可加可不加。I never let my child stay in the house all day.I heard her say that shed like to go with me.Could you help me (to) repair the car?The doctor make him give up drinking.被动：被动：He was made to give up drinking.(主语补足语主语补足语)5) 作定语作定语 (修饰名词修饰名词) to do 作定语与所饰名词有以下

9、关系：作定语与所饰名词有以下关系：主谓关系，主谓关系，动宾关系，同位关系动宾关系，同位关系，如：，如：She was the first girl to work out the problem. (主谓关系主谓关系)He has an important meeting to attend. (动宾关系动宾关系)He keeps his promise to write to us regularly. (同位关系同位关系) 动宾关系时：定语动宾关系时：定语to do 的动词如果是不及物的动词如果是不及物动词或情况需要时动词或情况需要时，后面应加有必要的介词，如：后面应加有必要的介词，如：H

10、ave you got a pencil to draw pictures with.He is a man to depend on.6) 作状语：目的，原因，结果，条件作状语：目的，原因，结果，条件We were very excited to hear the news.(原因原因)He hurried to the school only to find nobody there. (结果结果)To look at him, you would like him. (条件条件)I came to Beijing to see you. (目的状语目的状语)作目的状语时作目的状语时to

11、do 中的中的to 可用可用 in order to 或或 so as to代替，以加强语气，代替，以加强语气，so as to 不放句首不放句首In order to see you, I came to Beijing.I came to Beijing so as to see you.否定时，用否定时，用in order not to或或so as not to而不用而不用not to.They started very early in order not to/ so as not to miss the train.They started early not to miss t

12、he train.X 两个结构：两个结构： too to 太太而不能而不能She is too nervous to answer the question.如果如果too前有前有否定词否定词，整个句子用，整个句子用否定表肯定否定表肯定，表，表示一种委婉含义，译为示一种委婉含义，译为“不太不太”Its never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚改过不嫌晚 当当too前有前有only, all, but 时时 too= veryI am only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。我非常高兴能帮助你。She was but

13、too eager to get home.她很想回家她很想回家 adj+ enough + to do 足够足够去做去做7)to do与疑问词与疑问词(how,what,where,when等等)连用连用起名词作用，可做主语，表语，宾语，补足语起名词作用，可做主语，表语，宾语，补足语He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is still unknown.No one told me where to find him.This is just what I want.8)to do 中的省略中的省略 to do 中动词中动词do

14、的省略的省略The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.not to = not to ride his bicycle in the street为了避免重复，省略了为了避免重复，省略了to 后内容后内容.常出现在下列动词之后：常出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try或出现或出现在在be glad , be happy, would like, would love等结构之后，如：

15、等结构之后，如：_Would you like to go with me?_I would like to.省略省略to 的常见情况：的常见情况：在某些情态动词和助动词在某些情态动词和助动词do, shall, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, need, dare等等后面，省去后面，省去to,如：如：You must stay here now.see, hear, watch, notice, feel make, let, have +宾语宾语+do在在“why (not)+不定式不定式”结构中，不定式不带结构中，不定式不带toWhy

16、 spend so much money?Why not let him have a try?如果介词如果介词except,but 前面有动词前面有动词do的某种形式，的某种形式，其后不定式不带其后不定式不带to,其他情况带其他情况带toMary did nothing except/but clean the dishes.It had no effect except to make him angry.下列固定短语：下列固定短语： cant (couldnt) but do cant (couldnt) help but do cant choose but do 不得不不得不 had

17、 better, would rather, 之后之后+doI cannot but solve the problem by myself.I would rather stay at home than go out.不定式的被动式不定式的被动式He preferred to be given some heavier work to do. to do 逻辑上的主语逻辑上的主语是是do动作的动作的承受者承受者时，用不时，用不定式被动形式。定式被动形式。He didnt expect the book to be so well received.He preferred to have

18、been given some heavier work to do.在在“ There be ”句型中，当说话人考虑的是句型中，当说话人考虑的是有有人去完成某事人去完成某事时，用时，用to do的的主动主动形式。如果强调形式。如果强调事情本身必须要做事情本身必须要做时，则用时，则用to do的的被动被动形式。如：形式。如：There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要（人）去做。有许多工作要（人）去做。（需要人去做工作）（需要人去做工作）There is a lot of work to be done.有许多工作要做。有许多工作要做。（工作需要被做）（工作需要被做） There is nothing to do. (什么都不做，无所事事什么都不做，无所事事)There is nothing to be done.(任何事情都做不了，没有办法了任何事情都做不了，没有办法了) 主动表被动的情况主动表被动的情况We still have many difficulties to overcome.(1)不定式不定式to do与其修饰与其修饰名词名词构成构成动宾动宾关系关系(overcome the difficulties)，又和该句又和该句主语主语构成构成逻辑逻辑主谓主谓关系关系(We overco