初中英语语法专项名词

1、学习资料收集于网络，仅供学习和参考，如有侵权，请联系网站删除学习资料初中英语语法专项名词（讲义）一、名词（n.）表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词（一）名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy,desk,cat,window ）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,police ）。不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water,paper,silk,money ）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如： wor

2、k,happiness,music,difficulty,housework ）专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States ）（二）名词的数1可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：（1） 一般情况下，在词尾力口 s. eg.book-books,dog-dogs,pen-pens,boy-boys（2） 以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的词名词变复数时，要在词尾加 es.eg.beach-beaches,brush-brushes,bus-buses

3、,box-boxes （ es 读音为iz（3） 以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词，先变 y 为 i,再加 eeg.city-cities,family-families,（注：以”元音字母+y结尾的词，直接在词尾加 -s.eg.boys,holidays,days）（4）以元音字母 o 结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：1力口 eg.tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes 结尾是两个元音字母的 加s,eg.zoo-zoos,radio-radios3某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. pia no-pia nos4一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s, eg.photo （ p

4、hotograph ） -photos,kilo（kilogram） kilos5zero 变复数时，既可加 s,也可加 eg.zeros/zeroes（5）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时，先把 f 或 fe 变为 v,再加 es.eg.wife-wives,leaf-leaves,half-halves,knife-knives,thief-thieves (res 读音为vz妻子骑牛拿起刀 , wife-wives; calf-calves; knife-knives;追得贼狼满街跑，thief-thieves; wolf-wolves 碰倒架子丧己命手帕树叶半空飘.leaf-lea

5、ves half-halves eg,people,police,trousers,pa nts,clothes另外，当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。eg.a n apple tree,five apple trees,a girl frien d,two girl frien ds,a twin sister但是，当 man 和 woman 作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。eg.two menshelf-shelves; self-selves; life-lives（6）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加eg.ma n-men, woma n-wome n,

6、policeman-policeme n, En glishma n-E nglishme n,Fre nchma(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。(8 )另一些名词本身即是s 或 es,而是变换其中的字母。foot-feet,tooth-teeth,eg.Ch in ese,Japa nese,sheep,deer,fish works复数形式，不可用作单数。学习资料收集于网络，仅供学习和参考，如有侵权，请联系网站删除学习资料teachers,three wome n doctors2可用量词+of+名词复数这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.a room Of students,two

7、 boxes Ofpen cils2不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的量的表示方式如下。（1）表不定数量时，一般用 much, （ a）little,a lot of /lots of,some,any 等词修饰。（2）表确定数量时，一般用数词+量词+of+不可数名词。女口： two/three /.+量词复数十 of+ 不可数名词。eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。eg： fruit 水果-fruits 表示不同种类的水果； food 食物-foods

8、各种食品；fish 鱼-fishes 鱼的种类；drink 饮料、酒-a drink杯/一份饮料、 一杯酒； cloth 布-,a cloth 桌布、抹布； sand 沙-sands 沙滩；tea 茶-a tea 一杯茶；chicken 鸡肉-a chicken 小鸡；orange 橘汁-an orange 橘子；glass 玻璃-a glass玻璃杯,glasses 眼镜； paper 纸-a paper 试卷、论文； wood 木头-a wood 小森林；room 空间、余地-a room 房间（三）名词的所有格（表示人或物的所属关系）（1）有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家

9、等的名词所有格。1不是以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s. eg.Mikes watch ； Womens Day2以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加。eg.teachersoffice,studentsrooms3两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s.eg.Tom and Mikes room 汤姆和迈克的房间（表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房）4两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s.eg.Marys and Jennys bikes 玛丽和詹妮的自行车（表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车）5在表示店铺，某某家，诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰

10、的名词。at his brothersat the doctors at the barkersat Mrreads6用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：ten mi nu tes drive 十分钟车程，a mo nths holiday一个月的假期7用所有格表示节日的方法： Teachers Day, Childre ns Day 需要注意的是除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示，因为爸爸妈妈每个人就只有一个所以不用复数，Mothers Day, Fathers Day（2） 无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of 结构 eg.a map of Ch in a,the begi nn

11、ing of this game,thedoor of the room（3 ）特殊形式1可用s 和 of 短语表示的名词所有格eg.the boys name=the name Of the boy （男孩的名字） the dogs legs=the legs of the dog （狗的腿）Chin as populati on=the populati on Of China （中国的人口）Chin as capital=the capital ofChina 仲国的首都）2双重所有格eg.a fiend of my mothers 我妈妈的一个朋友a picture of Toms 汤

12、姆的一张图片学习资料收集于网络，仅供学习和参考，如有侵权，请联系网站删除学习资料（四）名词作主语时的主谓一致（1）.如主语是单数，后跟 with,together with, as well as,like,but,except 等引导的短语时，谓语动词 仍用单数形式.Li Hua with me ofte n goes to the cin ema. The woma n with two childre n is coming here.（2）.复数形式单数内容的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式.The n ews is surpris ing. Maths is an importa nt

13、 subject.(3) .单数形式复数内容的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式.The police have caught the thief. The people there are very kind.(4) .一些集体名词如 family,class,team 等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式.His family is not a large one.他家不是个大家庭。 Her family are watching TV.他全家人在看电视。 Theteam is playing very well.这个队打得很出色。The team are

14、 all famous players in our country.全体队员都是我国有名的运动员。(5) .表示时间,金钱,距离的名词加 s 后，应视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数形式.Two hours is eno ugh for us to get there One hun dred dollars is eno ugh.Five kilometers is a long way for the childer n.复数名词 shoes,trousers,glasses 等由 pair 修饰时，谓语动词的单复数形式要由pair 决定.The pair of shoes looks ni

15、ce. That two pairs of trousers are both too long.(7) 由 and 连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，如表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式.若表示个体概念，谓语动词用复数形式 .My old friend and classmate has just come back from abroad .我的老校友刚从国外回来.The sin ger and dan cer is to atte nd our En glish evenin g.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语 晚会.(8) The number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要

16、用单数形式。A number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。(9) neither. nor ;either.or. ; noton ly.but also 等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近 原则。(10) of + 抽象名词 =形容词 be of importance= be important2 .不可数名词量的表示方法 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示 量的概念，可以用以下两种方法：(1 )用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money .

17、 There is some milk in the bottle . Is there any water in the glass?I dont like win ter because theres too much snow and ice .(2) 用 a piece of 这类定语，例如： a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of breada bottle of orange a glass of water (milk) a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of ri

18、ce如果要表示两杯茶、”四张纸这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any,much 等来修饰。初中英语语法专项习题1-名词1.( ) 1 She was very happy. Shein the maths test.学习资料收集于网络，仅供学习和参考，如有侵权，请联系网站删除学习资料A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mista

19、kes D. makes few mistake()2 We n eed some more_ . Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoesD. potatoe()3_ are_ for cutt ing thin gs.A. Kni fe/used B. Kni ves/used C. Kni fe/us ing D. Kni ves/us ing()4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes()5 Please rem

20、ember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave()6 -Ca n we have some_ ?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oran ges C.apple D. pear2( ) 1 They got much_ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. in formati on D. stories()2 He gave us_on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C

21、. an advice D. a advice()3 When we saw his face, we knew_was bad.A. some n ews B. a n ews C. the n ews P. n ews()4 What_lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, tha nks. I have drunk two_ .A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oran

22、 ges D. few, bottle of oranges()2 He is hun gry. Give him_ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads()3 It really took him:_to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. l ong time D. some time()4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two gl

23、ass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks()5 Can you give me_?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea()6 Please give me_ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of()7 Joh n bought_ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoe

24、s D. two pairs shoes4( ) 1 -How many _ have you got on your farm?-Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D.chicke n()2 Some_came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germa ns B. Germe n C. Germa ny D.Germa nies()3. A group of_will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hun garia n B. Australia n C. Japa nes

25、eD.America n5( ) 1 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass()2 -What would you like to have for lun ch, sir?-Id like_ . !A. chicke n B. a chicke n C. chicke ns D. the chicke n()3 Childre n should make_for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room6( )

26、1 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. woode n D. woods()2 I wonder why_ are so interested in action ( 武打片)films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples()3I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works7( ) 1 Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. t

27、he Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park()2_ Chin ese people are_ hard worki ng people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a()3 How manywere there in the street whe n the accide nt happe ned?A. policema n B. polices C. police D. peoples学习资料收集于网络，仅供学习和参考，如有侵权，请联系网站删除学

28、习资料8( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_ .A. set B. one C. piece D. pair()2 Last week I bought a TV_ .A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block()3 There is a of wood left on the groun d.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair9( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. wome ns teacher B. wome n t

29、eachers C. woma n teachers D. wome n teacher()2 There are five_ in our factory.A. woma n driver B, wome n driver C. woma n drivers D. wome n drivers10( ) 1 They write most of their_ in En glish.A. bus in ess letter B. bus in ess letters C. bus in esses D. bus in esses letters()2 We came to a_ at las

30、t .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop ,C. watch ing shop D. watchs shop()3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop()4 She broke a_ while she was wash ing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine

31、 glass()5 rve forgotte n both of the_.A. room nu mbers . B. rooms nu mber C. rooms nu mbers D.room nu mber11.1. September 10th is_ in Chi na.A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. TeachersDay()2 -Is the broom un der_ desk? -No, its under_ .A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mi ne C. teachers

32、; me D. the teachers; mine()3 Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms12( ) 1 The football un der the bed is_ .A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys()2 This is my_ dicti on ary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Marys D. sister

33、s Marys()3 He went to_shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors()4 Joa n is_.A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister13( ) 1 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. year

34、s D.years()2 Its about _walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. tenmi nu tes()3 The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_ .A. thirty minu tess walk B. thirty mi nu tes walk C. thirty minu tes walk D. thirty mi nu tes walk()4 Half_teleph one calls are made in En gli

35、sh. A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds14( ) 1_face to the south.A. Win dows of the room B. The win dows of the room C. The rooms win dows D. The win dows in room()2 Please take two_ .A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D.picture of a park()3 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the houseD. this roofof house15( ) 1 Miss Sm