主动语态和被动语态的转换

1、主动语态和被动语态的转换语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态态则表示主语是动作的执行者。(1)各种时态的被动语态1)一般现在时的被动语态它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分(PassiveVoice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。主动语Wesweeptheflooreveryday.Wecleanthewindowseveryweek.Thefloorisswepteverydaybyus.Thewindowsarecleanedeveryweekbyus.2）现在进行时的被动语态MissChenisteachingmeEnglishnow.Iambe

2、ingtaughtEnglishbyMissChennow.Iamwritingmyhomework.Myhomeworkisbeingwrittenbyme.Thegirliswateringflowers.Theflowersarebeingwateredbythegirl.3）现在完成时的被动语态Wehaveboughtanewhouserecently.Anewhousehasbeenboughtrecentlybyus.Wehaveplantedalotofflowersintheclassroom.Alotofflowershavebeenplantedinourclassroom

3、.4）一般将来时的被动语态Ishall/willdoabetterjobnexttime.Myfatherisgoingtostopsmoking.Heisgoingtohelpmetomorrow.Abetterjobwillbedonenexttime.Smokingisgoingtobestoppedbymyfather.Iamgoingtobehelpedbyhimtomorrow.Whereareyougoingtoputthesetables?Wherearethesetablesgoingtobeputbyyou?Youaretodelivertheseflowersbefore

4、ten.Theseflowerweretobedeliveredbeforeten.Iamtofindaninterestingstory.Aninterestingstorywastobefound.Manypeopleareabouttolosetheirjobs.Theirjobslost.Iamabouttofinishmyhomeworkwhenhecomesin.Myhomeworkwhenhecomesin.一般将来时的动词形式1. 主动语态2. 主动语态3. 主动语态4. 主动语态shall/will+v.am/is/aregoingto+v.am/is/areto+v.am/

5、is/areaboutto+v.被动语态:被动语态:被动语态:被动语态:shall/willbe+v-ed.am/is/aregoingtobe+v-ed.am/is/aretobe+v-ed.am/is/areabouttobe+v-ed.注意:只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。不及物动词，不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。5）一般过去时的被动语态哪些句子可以变成被动语态？Aram（公羊）sawafencebuiltwithbambooandwoodinfront.Thefenceblockeditsway.Itcastasidelongglaneeatthefence,lowe

6、reditsneckandlunged（刺）atthefence,hopingtoknockitdown.Thefenceremainedintactbuttheraminjureditsownhorns.Aram（公羊）sawafencebuiltwithbambooandwood.Afencebuiltwithbambooandwoodwasseenbyaram.Thefenceblockeditsway.Itswaywasblockedbythefence.Itcastasidelongglaneeatthefence.Asidelongglaneewascastatthefenceby

7、it.Theraminjureditsownhorns.Theram'shornswereinjuredbyitself.6）过去进行时的被动语态HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.Hiscarwasbeingcleanedbyhimthen.Iwasdoingmylessonsthen.Myhomeworkwasbeingdonethen.7) 过去完成时的被动语态'ttastegTbdyhadbeencooked(cook)fortoolong.8)过去将来时的被动语态Heknewhismotherwouldpunishhimforit.

8、Heknewforit.Shesaidyou.Shesaidyouwouldbelookedafterbyher.Judywasgoingtomeetus,butshewasillandcouldn'tcome.Hermotherwasgoingtotakecareofher.花在十点前送至叽Youweretodelivertheseflowersbeforeten.Theseflowersweretobedeliveredbeforeten.Iwastofindaninterestingstory.AninterestingstoryManypeoplewereabouttolose

9、theirjobs.Theirjobslost.过去将来时的动词形式1. 主动语态：would+v.2. 主动语态：was/weregoingto+v.3. 主动语态：was/wereto+v.4. 主动语态：was/wereaboutto+v.(2) 含情态动词的被动语态Youmoretreesinthisarea.Youmustn'picktheflowersinthepark.TheflowersTheenvironment被动语态：wouldbe+v-ed.被动语态：was/weregoingtobe+v-ed.被动语态：was/weretobe+v-ed.被动语态：was/w

10、ereabouttobe+v-ed.TheparkWeshouldimprovetheenvironment.(3) 什么时候用被动语态：1）不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。Manyhouseswillbebuilthere.2）说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者）。TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish.3）动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。Youarerequestedtoattendthemeeting

11、.4）出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作的执行者。Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven.填空：1. Rice(grow)inthesouthoftheStates.2. Nowadays,English(find)veryuseful.3. Thework(finish)tomorrow.4. Theflowers(water)bythemnow.5. Therailway(build)thistimelastyear.6. Therailwayalready(build).7. Thenewrailway(build)bytheendoflast

12、year.8. Hetoldmethesportsmeeting(hold)thenextmonth.(4)不能用于被动语态的情况1)某些表示“静态”的及物动词(表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词)女口have,fit,suit,hold(容纳),cost,suffer,last(持续)等不能用于被动语态。Theyhaveanicecar.他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。Myshoesdon'tfitme.我的鞋不合适。Mybraincan'tholdsomuchinformationatonetime.我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。Howmuch/Whatdoesi

13、tcost?这值多少钱？Ourholidaylasts10days.我们的假期有十天。Thisfoodwilllast（them）（for）3days.这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：Theyarrivedatadecision.Adecisionwasarrivedat.他们作出了决定。Theyarrivedatthestation.他们至U达车站。（不说：Thestationwasarrivedat.）Helookedintothequestion.Thequestionwaslook

14、edinto.他调查了这个问题。3）动词leave（离开）,enter（进入）,join（参加）不可用于被动语态。Thecarlefttheroadandhitatree.车子离开了道路，撞上了树。4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如well,easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有sell,write,wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等。Hisnewnovelissellingwell.他的新小说很畅销。Theclothwasheswell.这布很耐洗。Thismaterialwon'twear.这种

15、材料不耐穿。Hisplaywon'tact.他的戏剧不会上演。Thewindowwon'tshut.这窗关不上。Thedoorwon'topen.这门打不开。Thedoorwon'tlock.这门锁不上。Thispoemreadswell.这首诗读来很好。5）feel,look,appear,sound,taste,smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。Tellmeifyoufeelcold.你要是感到冷就告诉我。You'relookingveryunhappywhat'sthematter?你看来很不高兴一

16、怎么回事儿？Thesouptasteswonderful.这汤味道好极了。Thoserosessmellbeautiful.那些玫瑰好闻极了。Sheappearstobefriendly.她看上去很友好。6）宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。Peterhopedtomeether.彼得希望遇见她。MrSmithenjoyedseeinghisdaughter.史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。Shecandressherself.她可以自己穿衣服。Wecouldhardlyseeeachotherinthefog.在雾中我们彼此几乎

17、看不见。8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。Theyliveahappylife.他们过着幸福的生活。Thegirldreamedasweetdream.那女孩做了个甜美的梦。9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：Theoldmanbrokehis（=theoldman's）legs.那老人把自己的腿弄断了。Thegirlshookher（=thegirl's）head.那女孩摇了摇头。（6）主动含义表被动含义的情形1）某些动词的主动形式表被动含义英语中有很多动词女口act,break,catch,cut,clean,drive,draw,let,

18、lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外，像owe,beat,cook,bake,print,build,make等，有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。Thiskindofradiodoesn'tsellwell.这种收音机不太畅销。Theshopopensateighto'clock.这个商店八点开门。Thepipedoesnotdrawwell.这烟斗不太通畅。Theseplaysactwonderfully.这些剧演得好。Kate'sbookreadslike

19、aninterestingnovel.凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。Thedoorwon'tlock.门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked.门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）Hisnovelsselleasily.他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好）Hisnovelsaresoldeasily.他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）2）某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义a. 在need,want,require,deserve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式

20、表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）.这房子需要修理。Myclothesneedwashing（tobewashed）.我的衣服需要洗了。形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.（=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.）这本画册很值得一读。SuchamanasMr.Smithisnotworthhelping.（=SuchamanasM

21、r.Smithisnotworthytobehelped.）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义a.当nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。Japaneseisnotdifficulttolearn.日语并不难学。（指日语被学）Thewaterisunfittodrink.这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）Thepieceofmusicispleasanttohear.这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）Thisbookiseasytoread.这