虚拟语气讲解和练习试题

1、简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是 一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英 语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。应用条件虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有 三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去完成时，现在完成时。 在条件句中的应用： 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假 设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气 ? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟 语气，表示主观

2、愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其 所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。三. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句真 eg . If he doesn ' t hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。 （ 真实条件状语 ） （不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me非真 eg. Ifto tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语 气）I were you, I

3、 would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）if+ 主 语 + 过 去 时 + 其 他 + 主 语2、用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：+should/would/could/might+do+ 其他例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事 实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I wou

4、ld tell you. 如果 我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就if+ 主 语 +haddone + 其 他 + 主 语不会有生物。 （ 事实：地球上既有空气也有水 ） 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass

5、 the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力2、表示与过去事实相反的情况+should/would/could/might+have done+ 其他例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿， 我就会见到她。 （事实： 去晚了） 2.If he had taken myadvice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 +should/wo

6、uld/could/might+do+ 其他 +should/would/could/might+do+ 其他 +should/would/could/might+do+ 其他 if+ 主 语 +were to do+sth.+ 主 语 if+ 主 语 +did/be(were)+sth.+ 主 语 if+ 主 语 +should+do+sth.+ 主 语例：1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.如果他哪天来这儿的话， 我就跟他谈谈。 （事实： 来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy

7、 snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气， "should 动词原形 " 构成， should 可省略。4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。从句的动作与

8、过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would bean engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了Ifthey had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反， 而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如： 空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如： the crops would be

9、growing much better.If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有If he knew her, he would have greeted her.从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而 If it had not been raining too much, 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。 他一直 努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。5、当虚拟条件句的谓

10、语动词含有 were, should, had 时， if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将 were, should, had 等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用

11、他来这里工作了。6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下 文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，女口 without .,but for .等But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not havemadesuch great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。Wedidn 't know his telephone number; othe

12、rwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种 强烈的感情。省略从句Hewould have finished it. 他本该完成了。Youcould have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。省略主句 If I wereat home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it.要是我得到它了该多好啊。、虚拟语气（ Subjunctive Mood） 的其他用法1、虚拟语气用在 wish 后

13、的宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。（事实：我根本比不上你）b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词： had+done（ 动词过去分词） eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词： should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的

14、机会了）（注： if only 和as if/as though 也有相同用法）2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中1. 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略She examined the door again for fear thata thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、在 so that, in order

15、that 所引导的目的状语从句中， 从句中的谓语为： can / may/ could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear himclearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully inorder that he should not miss a word.他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。3、虚拟语气的其他用法1、一想要(desire) 二宁愿(prefer) 三命令(ma

16、nd四建议(advice. pose) 五要求 (demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“ should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 Hesuggested that we (should) take the teacher 's advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher 's advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher 's

17、 advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice注： insist 如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。女口： He insist heis a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest 意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。表情绪 . 观点的

18、形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.女口:necessary.important. impossible. natural.strange. surprising.funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。句型： It isthat结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+ 原型 或只用动词原型。虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。2、在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从 句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself,

19、heshould not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save himeven though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。3、在 whatever ，whichever ，whenever ，whoever, wherever ， however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may + 动词原形 ( 指现在或将来 ) 。如：Wewill finish it on time no matter what / whatever may

20、happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。Wewill find him wherever / no matter wherehe may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter howlate he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may + 完成式 ( 指过去 ) ，主句结构不限。 如：You mustn't be proud whatever / no matter what great progressyou may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲Wemust re

21、spect himno matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。4、一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去 had + 过去分词；现在 过去时 (be 用 were )将来 过去时 (be 用 were ) 如： I 'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I

22、'd rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。We' d ratheryou went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿5、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示： “早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语 动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about) time that +主语+ 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。如 It is time that I wentIt is high time youto pick up my daughter at school. 我该

23、去学校接我的女儿了。 should go to work. 你早该上班了。6、 简单句中的虚拟语气( 1) 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为： would / could / might / should + 原 形动词。如：Would you mind my shutting the door?我把门关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如： your youth last for ever

24、! 时，常用动词原形。如： 岁。God bless us.出请求或邀请。如： 晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？ (2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如： I would try my best to help you. You' d better ask your father a full investigation of it first. Do you think he could get here on time? would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？ 备时，常用虚拟语气。 其虚拟语气的结构为： “情态动词 should have got here ea

25、rlier.你应该早就到这里了。it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。你要把这个教训牢记于心。( 2) 表示“祝愿”时，常用“ a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。( 3)表示强烈的“愿望”、May you have 祝你青春永驻。Long live the Communist Party of China. 上帝保佑。( 4) 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?Could I use your bike now?I should glad to meet you.我会尽力帮助你。 (3

26、) 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 你应该先全面调查一番。 你认为他能按时来吗？first.+ have +I should may + 主语 May 祝愿” 中国共产党万 (1) 提 今天我可以用一下你的单车吗？ 见到你我会很高 提出劝告或建议。如：You should make (4) 提出问题。如： Do you expect he 表示对过去情况的责You、'/兴。(5) 过去分词” 。如：You should have returned练习以及解析1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I the book from which it was

27、 made.A. have readB. had readC. should have readD. are reading2. You are late. If you a few minutes earlier, you him.A. come; would meetB. had come; would have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet3. The two students talked as if they friends for years.A. should be B. would beC. have beenD.

28、had been4.It is important that I with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spokeC. will speakD. to speak5.He looked as if he ill for a long time.A. was B. wereC. has been D. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not .A. have laid there for two hoursB. have been lied there for

29、 twohoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I with you last night.A. wentB. could goC. have gone D. could have gone8. Let ' s say you could go there again, how feel?A. will youB. should youC. would you D. do you9.I can ' t stand him. He always talks

30、 as though he everything.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. had known10. the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because ofB. In spite ofC. In case of D. But for11.If you had told me in advance, I him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had metC. would have met D. would have meetwish12. Mike can t

31、ake his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly he me how.A. teachesB. will teachC. has taughtD. would teach13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I so busythen.A. had beenB. wereC. wasD. would be14.He' s working hard for fear that he .A. should fall behindB.

32、 fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fallen behind15.If it another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.A. had rained B. would have rainedC. have seenD. rained16.He suggested that they use a trick instead of fighting.A. shouldB. wouldC. doD. had17.My father did not go to New York; the

33、doctor suggested that he there.A. not wentB. won 't goC. not go D. not to go18.I would have gone to the meeting if I time.A. had hadB. have hadC. had D. would have had19. Would you rather I buying a new bike?A. decided againstB. will decide againstC. have decidedD. shall decide against20. You lo

34、ok so tired tonight. It is time you .A. go to sleepB. went to sleepC. go to bedD. went to bed21. Why didn 't you buy a new car? I would have bought one if I enough money.A. hadB. have hadC. would haveD. had had22.If she could sew, .B. she would have made a shirtA. she make a dress23. today, he w

35、ould get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves24.His doctor suggested that he a short trip abroad.A. will takeC. takeB. would takeD. took25.The Bakers arrivedlast night. If they ' d only let us know earlier, atthe station.A. we'd meet themB. we&

36、#39;ll meet themC. we' d have met themD. we 've met them26.If I you, I more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. am; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay27.We might have failed if you us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not given D. d

37、id not give28.The law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a year.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. will have29.It is strange that he so.A. would say B. would speak C. should sayD. will speak30. Had I known her name, B. and where does she live?D. I would have invited her to lunch._ all about tha

38、t.A. or does she know mine?C. she would be beautiful.31. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he A. knowB. knowsC. knownD. knew32.If I the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.A. possessedB. ownedC. hadD. had had33. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he to the meeting.A. would come B.

39、 came C. would have come D. will come34. The librarian insists that John no more books from the library beforehe returns all the books he has borrowed.A. will takeB. tookC. takeD. takes35.I left very early last night, but I wish I so early.A. didn 't leaveB. hadn ' t leftC. haven ' t lef

40、tD. couldn ' t leave36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I no time.A. hadB. didn ' t have37.I wish that you such a bad headache because Ihave enjoyed the concert.A. hadn 'tB. didn ' t have hadC. hadn ' t hadD. ha dn' t havem sure that you would38.He insisted that we a

41、ll A. beC. would be_ in his office at one o B. to beD. shall beclock.39.Helen couldn 'tgo to France afterall.That's too badhave enjoyed it if .A. she 's goneB. she 'll goC. she 'd goneD. she 'd gom sure she would40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I an hour before thediscussion begins.A. go B. shall goC. will goD. would go15 BBDAD6 10 DDCAD1115 CDCAA16 20 ACAAD21 25 DBCCC26