计算机专业英语测试题及答案

1、计算机专业英语测试题一、词汇测试题（每小题1分，共20分）（1） .TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsintoChinese（共10分，每题1分）1. Cybercafe2. microcomputer3. ROM4. Object-orientedprogramming5. utilityprogram6. systemspecification7. databaseadministrator8. modulator-demodulator9. client/servermodel10. spreadsheetprogram（2） .Transl

2、atethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromChineseintoEnglish（共10分，每题1分）1 .中央处理器2 .广域网3 .超级计算机4 .电子商务5 .计算机安全6 .计算机文化7 .网站8 .域名9 .数据库管理系统10 .软件工程二、完型填空题(每空1分，共20分)Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthelistfollowingeachparagraph,makingchangesifnecessary:1. Computerhardwareistheinvolvedintheofacompute

3、randconsistsofthethatcanbephysicallyhandled.Thefunctionofthesecomponentsistypicallydividedintothreemaincategories:,and.Componentsinthesecategoriesconnectto,specifically,thecomputerscentralunit(CPU),theelectronicthatprovidesthecomputationalabilityandcontrolofthecomputer,viawiresorcircuitrycalledbus.m

4、icroprocessorscomponentprocessingfunctionoutputequipmentinputcircuitrystorage2. Intherelationalmodel,dataisorganizedintwo-dimensionalcalled.Thereisnoorstructureimposedonthedata.Thetablesorrelationsare,however,relatedtoeachother.Thedatabasemanagementsystem(RDBMS)thedatasothatitsexternalisaofrelationo

5、rtables.Thisdoesnotmeanthatdataisstoredastables:thephysicalofthedataisindependentofthewayinwhichtheislogicallyorganized.hierarchicalsetorganizerelationalrelationdatastorageviewnetworktable三、英译汉题(每题10分，共20分)TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:1. Thefieldofcomputersciencehasgrownrapidly

6、sincethe1950sduetotheincreaseintheiruse.Computerprogramshaveundergonemanychangesduringthistimeinresponsetouserneedandadvancesintechnology.Newerideasincomputingsuchasparallelcomputing,distributedcomputing,andartificialintelligence,haveradicallyalteredthetraditionalconceptsthatoncedeterminedprogramfor

7、mandfunction.Inparallelcomputingpartsofaproblemareworkedonsimultaneouslybydifferentprocessors,andthisspeedupthesolutionoftheproblem.AnothertypeofparallelcomputingcalleddistributedcomputinguseCPUsfrommanyinterconnectedcomputerstosolveproblems.Researchintoartificialintelligence(AI)hasledtoseveralother

8、newstylesofprogramming.2. High-levellanguagesarecommonlyclassifiedasprocedure-oriented,functional,objected-oriented,logiclanguages.Themostcommonhigh-levellanguagestodayareprocedure-orientedlanguages.Intheselanguages,oneormorerelatedblocksofstatementsthatperformsomecompletefunctionaregroupedtogetheri

9、ntoaprogrammodule,orprocedure,andgivenanamesuchasprocedureA”.Ifthesamesequenceofoperationsisneededelsewhereintheprogram,asimplestatementcanbeusedtoreferbacktotheprocedure.Inessence,aprocedureisjustamini-program.Alargeprogramcanbeconstructedbygroupingtogetherproceduresthatperformdifferenttasks.四、汉译英题

10、（20分）最著名的互联网例子是因特网因特网起源于20世纪60年代初的研究项目。其目标是发展一种能将各种计算机网络连接起来，使它们运行时能够成为一个不因局部灾难而崩溃的互联系统。最初的大多数工作是由美国政府通过国防部高级研究计戈碣(DefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency)发起的。随着岁月的推移，因特网的开发从一个国防项目转变成一个学术研究项目。如今，它在很大程度上是一个商业项目，连接着全世界的广域网、城域网和局域网，涉及数百万台计算机。五.写作题(20分)下面是一篇论文的引言，请根据引言写出该论文的摘要，不超过200个单词。Thefollowingparagr

11、aphsconstructtheintroductionofapaper.Pleasewriteanabstractaccordingtotheintroductionforthepaper,thenumberofwordsintheabstractshouldbelessthan200words:ANewParallelAlgorithmforEZWWiththefastdevelopmentofInternettechnologyandmultimediatechnology,digitalcommunicationtechnologyhasbroughtusmuchconvenience

12、andefficiency.Butbecausetheamountofmultimediaespeciallyimagedataisverybiganditstransmittingspeedisverylimited,thetransmissionofmultimediahasbecomethebottleneckofthefurtherapplicationofthesetechnologies.Theeconomicalandtechnologicalconditionalsoshowsthatthisproblemcannotbesolvedjustbyhardwaretechnolo

13、gy.Hence,itisnecessarytoapplydatacompressiontechnologytoreducetheamountofmultimediadataandimproveitstransmittingspeed,inordertomakedigitalcommunicationtechnologybeappliedmorewidelyandtobringsocietymoreefficiencyImagecompressiontechnologyoriginatesfromShannonsinformationtheoryin1940s.Underthistheoret

14、icalframe,severallosslessencodingschemeshavebeendeveloped,suchasRun-lengthencoding,Huffmanencoding,Arithmeticencoding,Dictionaryencoding,etc.Butthecompressionratiosoftheselosslessschemesarestillverylow,theycannotmeetmostrequirementsofimagestorageandtransmission.Hence,manypeoplehavewidelystudiedlossy

15、compressionschemes,theyhavetriedtoincreasecompressionratiothroughremovingtheredundantinformationanddetailsnotsensitivetovision.Inthisrespect,KLTransform,DiscreteCosineTransform(DCT)andothertransformshavebeendevelopedearlyorlate.Butthesetechniqueshavetheirowndrawbacks.Forexample,thesetechniquesfreque

16、ntlycauseartifacts,suchastheblockingeffectinJPEG.Ontheotherhand,since1990s,manynewtransmittingmediarepresentedbyInternethavesetnewdemandonthebrowsingandtransmissionofimages,suchasrequiringembeddedcodestreamandmultiresolutioncodestream.Thisrequiresimagecompressionalgorithmstoprovideflexiblyhierarchic

17、alcodingstructureforimagequalityandresolutionandsoon.ButsuchflexibilitycannotbeprovidedbyDCTencodingscheme.Inthelate1980s,thedevelopmentofwavelettheoryprovidedefficienttoolsformultiresolutionalsignalprocessing,andwavelettransformprovidedfoundbasisforvarioushierarchicalimageencoding.Theresearchofwave

18、letimagecompressionhasalsoshownthatmanycharacteristicssuchasmultiresolution,multi-qualitycontrolandembeddedcodestreamrequiredinmodernapplicationsallcoincidewiththehierarchicalstructureofwaveletimageencoding.Atgreatercompressionratio,thereconstructionqualityofwaveletimagecompressionismuchbetterthanth

19、atofDCT.Hence,inthenewstillimagecompressionstandardJPEG2000,waveletimageencodingisadoptedasakeyalgorithm4.Inthedomainofwaveletstillimageencoding,EmbeddedImageCodingUsingZerotreesofWaveletCoefficients（EZW）isoneofthemostefficienttechniques3,5.AlthoughEZWisabetterencodingtechnique,itsencodingspeedisver

20、ylimited,becausethewaveletcoefficientsarenumerousandthecoefficientstructureisverycomplex2.Hence,itisnecessarytouseparallelcomputersystemstospeedupthecomputationofencoding1.ThispaperjustintroducesahighefficientparallelEZWimplementedonaPRAM-CREWmodel.Thecomputationalcomplexityoftheproposedalgorithmiso

21、bviouslylowerthanthatofsequentialEZWandmanyotherexistedparallelEZWs.答案一、词汇测试题（每小题1分，共20分）（一）1.网吧2.微型计算机3.只读存储器4.面向对象编程5.实用程序6.系统规格说明7.数据库管理员8.调制解调器9.客户/服务器模式10.电子数据表程序（二）1.centralprocessingunit2.WideAreaNetworks（WANs）putesecurity6.cyberculture7.Website8.domainname9.databasemanagementsystem10.softwar

22、eengineering二、完型填空题（每空1分，共20分）1 、equipmentfunctioncomponentscontrolinputoutputstoragemicroprocessorsprocessingcircuitry2、tablesrelationshierarchicalnetworkrelationalorganizesviewsetstoragedata三、英译汉题（每题10分，共20分）1、由于计算机使用的增加，自20世纪50年代以来，计算机科学领域发展迅猛。作为对用户需求和技术进步的响应，计算机程序在这一时期经历了许多变化。计算领域的新思想，如并行计算、分布式计

23、算和人工智能，从根本上改变了一度决定程序形式与功能的传统概念。在并行计算中，一个问题的组成部分由不同的处理器同时处理，这样就加快了问题的解决速度。一种称为分布式计算的并行计算，使用多个互连计算机的中央处理器来解决问题。人工智能研究已经带了来其他几种新的编程风格。2 .高级语言通常分为面向过程的语言、函数式的语言、面向对象的语言或逻辑语言。如今最常用的高级语言是面向过程的语言。在这些语言中，一个或多个相关的执行某种完整功能的语句块被组织成一个程序模块或过程，并被给予诸如“procedureA”这样的名字。如果程序中别的地方需要同一个过程，就可以用一个简单的语句来调用该过程。实质上，一个过程就是一

24、个小小的程序。可以将执行不同任务的过程组合起来构成一个大程序。四、汉译英题（20分）ThemostnotableexampleofaninternetistheInternet,whichoriginatedfromresearchprojectsgoingbacktotheearly1960s.Thegoalwastodeveloptheabilitytolinkavarietyofcomputernetworkssothattheycouldfunctionasaconnectedsystemthatwouldnotbedisruptedbylocaldisasters.Mostofthi

25、soriginalworkwassponsoredbytheU.S.governmentthroughtheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency（DARPA）.Overtheyears,thedevelopmentoftheInternetshiftedfromadefenseprojecttoanacademicresearchproject,andtodayitislargelyacommercialundertakingthatlinksaworldwidecombinationofWANs,MANs,andLANsinvolvingmillionsofcomputers.五.写作题（20