构词法练习及其答案

1、高考能力测试构词法 Word Formation一.合成Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。由两个分开的词构成。方式：1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.(1)合成adj方式例词1 adj + adjred-hot2 adj + nfirst-class, full-time, part-time3 adj +现在分词good-looking, free-thinking,4 adj +过去分词ready-made5 adj + n-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded6 n + n-ediron-willed7 n + ad

2、jworld-famous, day-long8 n +现在分词beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,9 n +过去分词man-made, water-covered,10adv+ adjever-green11adv +现在分词hard-working, far-seeing12adv+过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known13 num+ nfive-year14 num+ n+adjfive-year-old15num+过去分词four-legged, six-storied(2)合成动词构成方式例词

3、1 n +vday-dream2 adv + vovercome, upturn 翻起3 adj + vwhite-wash构成方式例词1 n + nhorseback , bank-note,newspaper, cellphone,2 adj + nback-yard, forehead,3动名词+ nhiding place, reading-room4 v + advget-off, break in,5 adv + voutput, overflow(4) 合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever,forever(5)合成代词whoever,

4、 whatever, everyone, nobody,myself, something, anything,(6)合成 介 词 inside仕一里后缀例词-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-anEuropean, American, Australian形-erneastern, northern, southern容-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,词believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible、派生 Derivation前缀含义例词a-处在arise, aside

5、, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear,disorder, disagreeun-不，做相unable,unknown,uncommon,反动作uncomfortable, unfair,unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-不，非inactive,incapable, inpatient,im-incorrectir-impossible, impersonal, impolite,il-immature, impracticalirregular

6、, irresponsibleillogical,non-不，非non-existent,non-interference,non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方decentralize（分散）,defrost （解向发展冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-错误的，misdoings,misunderstand,坏的misfortunere重复，再rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-educationex以前的ex-husband, ex-pre

7、sidenttele远程telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超supermarket, superpower,-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,-ishchildish, Swedish, selfish-ivedestructive,collective,active,creative, effective-ythirsty,dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy,healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless,s

8、leepless, fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous, famous, continuous, serious,various-aryimaginary, revolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant,significant,observant,important-en

9、tdiligent, silent, excellent, frequent-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish级under-在之下underline,underground,underestimate,inter-相互，之间international, inter-changeinteract,sub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious, subcontinent,trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形),translatevic

10、e-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semi-automaticsemicircle,bi两个bicycle, biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle 三角形，tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-colouredmulti-national,kilo-千kilometre, kilogram后缀例 词动词-izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,-enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharp

11、en,widen, shorten, quicken, deepen-fySimplify, beautify, terrify,后缀例词副词-ward(s)forward,northward,backward,downward-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly三、转化Conversion :指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此 类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1 .名词 和动词 之间的转 化telephone 电话一打 电话, mirror 镜子一像镜子一样反映，drink喝一饮料，record录音一记录 ,name, d

12、ate, hand, study,完美的一一使完善3.名词转化为形容词（副词）front前面一一前面的2 .形容词转化为动词perfect4.形容词转化为名词chief主要的一一首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的，只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。man was enough not to tell the

13、manager that he would not do the B. careful C. careless Dcarelessnesssoldier died for saving the child , so his is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D.deathchild looked at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sadis an expert at chemistry. We all call him a.

14、 A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physicianthree- chair isn ' t suitable for a young child.He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legsbecame the railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadershipthe teacher praised him for working out the maths problem， Jack lookeda

15、bout at his classmates.D. pridely everyone s , the girl finished the job quite well.9. What are you doing here Oh， my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English. You can writepassage in English words ； a 600-words ； a 600-wordswords ； a 600-wordwords ； a 600-wordsone should enter the spot

16、without theof the police.11You must come with us to the police head is waiting for that animal escape was no accident ； you did it shop owner welcomed all the guests with asmile.him to pay a $100 fine.TV is out of you tell me what is thenews about Iraq WarGreat Wall is more than 6000 li in .my ， I p

17、assed the exam easily.18.Canada is mainly ancountry.he is! He is always is really a .； foolishly ； fool ； foolish ； fool ； fool ； fool ； foolish ； fool necklace that she lost is very s of great .werefish in the river in South America. dangerletter “ b” in the word “ doubt ” is.child looked at me.bla

18、ck people were against slavery and fought for theirbravely.you said soundedbut in fact it was untrue.have to learntechnology from other countries.children live in a village come here almost every day. byBlack is an in the army ， not anin the can not easily find him in his.A .official ； officer ； off

19、ice ； office ； official ； official ； official ； official ； office d better give up smoking if you want to keep speaking ， I didn t do it on purpose.sounds like a good plan ， but there are somedifficulties in carrying it out.father possesses afactory ， which does most of the pollution to this river.l

20、eft his homeland for somereasons. sto persuade him to give up s verycaught twobirds in the wood last week and they are stillin the cage.； live ； live； alive； alivedoctor said that t he old man s condition was_ _and that they had tried their best.felt sothat she could hardly open her eyes.stood there

21、at ； frightful frightful； frightening ； frightdoctor s advicehim from drinking and smo king.40I d like to buy a house,modern,comfortable and above all in a Dneighbour sn.改错练习（每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正 ）Milu deer are living in the wild in a natural park.blouse is fit for him at s too long and the colorhas r

22、un.possibly that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.must strength government of the people ， by the people and for the people.sperm whale can dive to a deep of more than 1000 meters in the sea.is a very famous has played many important parts in different films.， I d

23、 rather stay at home watching TV. of her ill， she can t go out for the sight-seeing.you for your describe of the conditions here. s really dust in this s a long time since someone lastlived in it.all don t know how d ark happens. opened the envelope， folded the letter and began to read it.offered us

24、 lots of value information， which played an important part in catching the thief.wish you a pleasure journey back home.captain made an apologize to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.wish that you could interview these journals who come. is not a plant but a various of animal life.my

25、 opinion ， Harry is the most suitful person for the job. food was good but the serve was poor.meeting is of great important to all of us. comes a large collection of soldiers in the distant.he got to the destination ， he was quite out of breathe. speaking， Russia is a Europe country.24. “ Actual ” m

26、eans“ in fact ”， and we can also use “ as a matter of fact ” . is possible to persuade Adam togive up that decide.doctor said that the patience was comfortable after the operation.people say that this new discover might change the whole society completely.settlement of this matter.Chinese government

27、 treasure the friendly between the people of two countries and we are waiting for a peacefulwas afraid of high and dared not jump out of thebet you are mistake this time.plane.mother died of hungry after the flood.man said that he was merely a pass-by and that he didn ' t watch the accident.33.

28、Do you follow meYes, perfect.possess of guns causes lots of troubles in the USA. greatest wealthy is being content with a little.is the mother of success.believe our dream that humans will travel to and from the moon will come truth one day.year millions of visiters come to visit the dams.Chinese pe

29、ople are building socialist and have achieved great progress.all went up to offer their congratulate on their winning the key match.前后缀“冰山一角”练习一. 形容词后缀 1-ous结尾 advantageambitionanxietycontinuecouragedangerdisasterfamegloryhumormountainmysterynervenumberpoisonprosperreligionsuspicionvaryvigor2.以-al结尾

30、 Chemistryclasseconomyeditoreducationexceptionfinancefunctionlogicmemorynationorigin_parent personphysicspoliticsregionsubstancetechnique_technology3.以-able结尾 abilityacceptaccessadaptavailavoidcapabilitychangecomfortcompareconvertdesiredurationfavorflexibilityhonormovenoticepermitreasonsensevision4.

31、以-ful结尾 beautycarecheerdoubtfaithfruitglasshandharmhelpmouthpeacepowerskillspoonsuccessthoughtwonder二名词后缀1.以-ment 结尾 achieve_advance_advertiseagree_ disagreeargueassignattachappointdevelopembarrassencourageengageenjoyequipestablishgoverninstallmanagemovepavepaypunishshipstate2. 以-al 结尾 approve disap

32、prove arrive propose refuseremove_survivetry_ withdraw3.以-ance/-ence/-ency/cy结尾 abundant_ accurateagent_allowapplyattendbankruptcompetentcompliantconfidentconsistconvenientinconvenientcorrespondentcurrentdependentindependentinnocentdiplomatdistantefficientelegantevidentexistfluentfrequentinferinfant

33、influential_ intelligentinterfere_ offendpatient_performpreferreferresidentsignificantsilenttendurgentvacantviolent4. 以-ion 结 尾 actaddadmitattractassociatecollectcombinecompletecommitcommunicatecomposeconcludeconsiderconsumecreatedecidedeclaredefinedescribedestroydeterminedevotedirectdistinctdiscussdominateeducateelectevolveexceptexhaustexhibitexploitfoundidentifyillustrateimitateimpressincludeintendintroduceinvestigateinviteliberate locate oblige_occupy operateorganize_ participat