外研版七年级下册英语语法专题复习(含练习)(同名4284)

1、七下英语重要知识点梳理语法知识点1 .词类：物主代词、情态动词 can和方位介词短语2 .时态：一般将来时态和一般过去时态3 .句型：特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句词类1）物主代词：表示所属关系的代词（属于谁的）人称单数复数形容词性物主代 词名词性物主代 词形容性物主代 词名词性物主代 词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirTheirsherhersitsits形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系:形容词性物主代词：必须和名词在一起。My father, your teacher物主代K名词性物主代词：相当于与之

2、相对应的形容词性物主代词 +名词。This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt.练习（1）选择题。)1. Look at . A. him B. heC. his)2. I driveto the park every day. A. theyB. their C. them)3. classroom is big.A. we B. us C. Our)4. I loveA. she B. her C. hers)5. Do you know ? A. I B. my C. me)6. I am son. A. they B. their C. them)7. T

3、his is not desk. My desk is over there. A. I B. my C. me()8. Can you spell name, Harry? Sorry. A. you B. your C. yours()9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is room. A. they B. them C. their()10. We are in the same class.classroom is very nice. A. our B. my C.ours()11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. I '

4、; m student. A. he B. his C. him()12. That ' s a is Mimi.A. It B. It ' s C. Its(2)用括号里的代词的适当形式填空1, Mr Yang is(we) teacher.(him) is from Beijing.(his) teaches(our) English.2, Look,there is a cat.(they) is Lily's.(it) name is Mimi.3, Let(I) tell(she) about(he) life at school.4, Th

5、is is(they) room.Where is(our)?5, Don't use the eraser.is(me).6, The lady under the tree is(me) aunt.(her) often sings with(she) husband2)情态动词can1 .含义：表达人或物的能力，能或会 2 .特点：情态动词can没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。3 .否定形式：cannot(正式用法)=can' t(语)4 .句型结构：肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他+。She / They can swim well.否定句： 主语+情态动词

6、+ not +动词原形+其他+ 。She / They can not swim well.一般疑问句： 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他+ ?Can she / they swim well?Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can ' t.特殊疑问句： 疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他+ ?Why can she / they swim well?Who can swim well?练习：()1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.A. mustB. c

7、an ' tC. shouldn't()2) How many books you see on the desk?A. may B. can C. should（）3） - you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I can ' t.A. Can B. Can ' tC. Should4. I can run fast. I fast. （否定句）5. He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句）he basketball well?3) 介词Lingling sits between Tony

8、and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间among在三者或三者以上之间Miss Li is among lots of students.李老师在许多同学之间注意：介词短语常和be动词连用。时态1) 一般将来时时间状语：in+一段时间；tomorrow ; in the future; next+ 时间；this+时间(表 示将来时间的状语)(I) be (is,am.are) going to 的用法。含义：计划，打算做某事将来时句型结构：一般将来时be going to+动词原形肯定句结构：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他.否定句结构：主语+be not going t

9、o +动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：be动词提前Be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答：No,主语+be not.注意：表示计划到某地去，谓语动词go与going重复，一般只说be going to + 地点.come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。Eg：I am going to London next year.She is going to check her email.Look! The bus is coming.（H ）由shall和will引导的一般将来时含义：将会特点：助动词shall和

10、will没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。shall在一般将来时中，一般用于第一人称之后。例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我们将有一节英语课。否定形式： shall not = shan' t will not = won' t将来时句型结构：肯定句：主语+shall/will+do否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do （will not 可缩写成 won' j）一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+ do特殊疑问句：疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do2） 一般过去时1 . 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发

11、生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时问状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2 .标志性时间状语：yesterday （昨天）,last week （上周），last month （上个 月）,last year （去年）,two months ago （两个月前）,the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 （在1990年），in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时 问状语连用。3 .动词结构：V-ed动词过去式变化规则:1 . 一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .结尾是 e 力口

12、d,如：taste-tasted3 .末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，冉力口 -ed,如：stop-stopped4 .以 辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i, 冉加-ed,如：study-studied5 .不规则动词过去式：drink（喝）-_ drive（驾驶）-eat（吃）fall（洛下） _fly（飞）forget（忘）give（给）go（去）-grow（成长）-know（知道）-lie（躺）ring（按铃）write（写）-ride（ U奇）see（H"见）wake（弄醒）-sing（唱）-speak（讲话）-wear（穿）-sw

13、im（泳）-take（拿）throw（扔）-become（成为）-come（来）-run（跑）-lose（丢失）make（制造）一mean（意思）-meet（见）-pay（付）say（说）sell（卖）send（送）一sit（坐）sleep（睡）-smell（嗅）-spell（拼写）spend（度过）-stand（立） -teach（教）tell（告诉）win（赢）-think（想）-understand（ 理解）-begin（开始）-blow（吹）break（打破）choose（选择）-do（做）draw（画）-4.句式变化规则：Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:(1) am 和is在一般过去时

14、中变为 was。 ( was not=wasn't)(2) are 在般过去时中变为 were。 (were not=weren't )(3)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not, 一般疑问句把 was或were调到旬首。句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定旬：didn't + 动词原形，如： Jim went home yesterday.一般疑问旬：在旬首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Jim went home yesterday.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim w

15、ent home yesterday.1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I have a picnic with my friends.I have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。Whatnext Monday?I play basketball.What you do next Monday? I play basketball.3. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)Nancy going to go camping.4. I ' ll go and join them.(改否定)I go

16、 join them.5. I ' m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30. (改一般疑问句)meet at the bus stop at 10:30.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1 .Tom(visit) a farm last week.2. The twins(water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning.3. I(watch) a film w

17、ith my friend last Friday.4. My father(be) in London last year.5. What(do) you do three days ago?6. (be) there any parks here in 1950?7. What(do) you do just now? I(wash) my clothes.改写句子1. We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We all happy.2. I visit my grandparents every week.( 用 last week 代替 every week)3. Th

18、ere were some zebras in the zoo last year.( 改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 四、用所给词的适当形式填空。I.Today is a sunny day. We(have) a picnic this afternoon.2. My brother(go) to Shanghai next week.3. Tom often(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He (go) to school by bike.4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually(

19、watch) TV and (catch) insects?It ' s Friday today. What she(do) this weekend?She (watch) TV and(catch) insects.6. What(do) you do last Sunday? I(pick) apples on a farm. What(do) next Sunday? I(milk) cows.7. Mary(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.8. David(give) a puppet show next Monday.9. I(plan)

20、 for my study now.句型1）特殊疑问疑。含义：以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。特殊疑问词总结：what什么（职业，姓名等）what day 星期几 What day is it today?what size 多大尺码 What size are your shoes?what time =when 什么时间what colour 什么颜色what size多大号when什么时候（就时间提问）where什么地方（就地点提问）who谁（问人的身份，姓名等）which哪一个why为什么（就原因提问，常用because回答）how怎么样how many 多少（提问可数名词数量）How ma

21、ny books do you have多少（提问不可数名词数量）How much water is there in the glass?How much .多少钱（提问价格）How old几岁（提问年龄）l 多长（提问长度）How long is this ruler?How long y这把尺子有多长？L 多长时间（时间持续多久）How long do you go to school你去学校要多长时间？How often多久（提问频率既单位时间发生多少次）How soon （还要多久时间才能开始或结束）How soon will he come backHow far（提问距离有多远）

22、他多久才能回来？How heavy （提问有多重）句型结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？Eg :Why do you like watching TV ?当堂检测：就划线部分提问。1. He often has lunch in the factory . he often lunch ?2. They will come back in a month . will they come back ?3. He hurt his leg last Sunday . he hurt his leg ?4. I got up at six this morning .you up this morn

23、ing ?5. They were drawing a horse when I came in . they when I came in ?6. I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold . you go to school ?7. You'd better take the No . 3 bus. bus I better take ?8. He's feeling well .he feeling ?9. The girl in a red coat is my sister .is your sister ?

24、10. He comes to China once a year.he to China ?11. He goes to see his grandma （ twice a week ）.的括号部分提问 ） ?12. My father goes to work by car.（ 改为特殊疑问句 ） ?13. It take （ 15 minutes ） for a ferry to cross the river.（对括号部分提问 ）?14. You can dial （ 110 ） to call the police.（对括号部分提问 ） can you dial to call th

25、e police15. Ted put his bag in the desk .（改为特殊疑问句 ） Ted in the desk?16. The students ( went camping ) last week.(对括号部分提问) ?17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ).附括号部分提问) Diogenes ?18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise).( 对括号部分提问 ) the way to ?2)祈使旬祈使旬指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 you常省略，谓语 动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。(1) 定的祈使句(1)动词原形+其他Stand up, please. = Please