全国医学考博英语试题

1、2014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1 .请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。2 .试卷一(PaperOne潜案和t卷二(PaperTwo)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。3 .试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。4 .标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。5 .听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。国家医学考试中心PAP

2、ERONEPart1:Listeningcomprehension(30%SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearfifteenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers,Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearaquestionaboutwhatissaid,Thequestionwillbereadonlyonce,Afteryouhearthequestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestans

3、wersandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEETListentothefollowingexampleYouwillhearWoman:Ifeelfaint.Man:Nowonder.Youhaven'thadabiteallday.Question:What'sthematterwiththewoman?Youwillread:A. Sheissick.B. Shewasbittenbyanant.C. Sheishungry.D. Shespilledherpaint.HereCistherightanswer.SampleA

4、nswerABCDNowlet'sbeginwithquestionNumber1.1. A.About12pintsB.About3pintsC.About4pintsD.About7pints2. A.Takeaholidayfromwork.B.Worrylessaboutwork.C.Takesomesleepingpills.D.Workhardertoforgetallhertroubles.3. A.Hehasnocomplaintsaboutthedoctor.B. Hewontcomplainanything.C. Heisingoodcondition.D. Hec

5、ouldntbeworse.4. A.Sheiskidding.B. Shewillgetaraise.C. Themanwillgetaraise.D. Themanwillgetapromotion.5. A.Herdaughterlikesballgames.B. Herdaughterisanexcitingchild.C. Sheandherdaughteraregoodfriends.D. Sheandherdaughterdontalwaysunderstandeachother.6. A.Shehurtheruncle.B. Shehurtherankle.C. Shehasa

6、swollentoe.D. Sheneedsaminorsurgery.7. A.Johnlikesgambling.8. Johnisveryfondofhisnewboss.9. Johnhasupsanddownsinthenewcompany.10. Johnhasapromisingfutureinthenewcompany.8 .A.Shewillgetsomeadvicefromthefrontdesk.B. Shewillundergosomelabtests.C. Shewillarrangeanappointment.D. Shewillgetthetestresults.

7、9 .A.Shesanoddcharacter.B. Sheisverypicky.C. Sheiseasy-going.D. Shelikesfashions.10 .A.Atastreetcorner.B. Inalocalshop.C. Inaward.D. Inaclinic.11 .A.Seafood.B.Dairyproducts.C.Vegetablesandfruits.D.Heavyfoods.12 .A.Heishavingagoodtime.B. Heverymuchlikeshisoldbicycle.C. Hewillbuyanewbicyclerightaway.D

8、. Hewouldratherbuyanewbicyclelater.13 .A.Itisonlyacough.B. Itsaminorillness.C. Itstartedtwoweeksago.D. Itsextremelyserious.14 .A.Thewomanistoooptimisticaboutthestockmarket.B. Thewomanwillevenlosemoremoneyatthestockmarket.C. Thestockmarketbubblewillcontinuetogrow.D. Thestockmarketbubblewillsoonmeetit

9、sdemise.15 .A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.B. Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.C. Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.D. Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.Section B Direction:Inthissectionyouwillhearoneconversationandtwopassages,aft

10、ereachofwhich,youwillhearfivequestions.Aftereachquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD,ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheDialogue16 .A.Becausehehaddifficultyswallowingit.B. Becauseitwasupsettinghisstomach.C. Becausehewasallergictoit.D. Becauseitwastooexpensive.17 .A.Hec

11、antplaysocceranymore.B. Hehasaseriousfootproblem.C. Heneedsanoperation.D. Hehascancer.18 .A.Abloodtransfusion.B. Anallergytest.C. Aurinetest.D. Abiopsy.19 .A.Toseeifhehascancer.depression.C.Toseeifherequiressurgery.allergyproblem.20 .A.Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.PassageOne21 .A.Thecau

12、seofCOPD.B. Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C. Menmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.D. Womenmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.22.A.954.B. 955.C. 1909.ANSWER SHE.ETB. To see if he hasD. To see if he has a food23.A. On May 18 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.B. On May 25 in San Diego.D

13、. On May 25 in San Francisco.D. 1955.24 .A.Whensmokingexposureishigh.B. Whensmokingexposureislow.C. Whenthesubjectsreceivedmedication.D. Whenthesubjectsstoppedsmoking.25 .A.Hormonedifferencesinmenandwomen.B. Geneticdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.C. Womensactivemetabolicrate.D. Womenssmallerairways.Pa

14、ssageTwo26 .A.About90,000.B. About100,000.C. Severalhundreds.D. About5,000.27 .A.WarningfromGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.B. WarningfromtheKenyanhealthministry.C. Experiencegainedfromthe1997outbreak.D. ProperandpromptAidfromNASA.28 .A.Distributingmosquitonets.B. Persuadingpeoplenottoslaughteranimals.C. U

15、rgingpeoplenottoeatanimals.D. Dispatchingdoctorstotheepidemic-strickenarea.29 .A.ThehighersurfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOcean.B. Theshort-livedmosquitoesthatwerethehostsoftheviruses.C. ThewarmanddryweatherintheHornofAfrica.D. Theheavybutintermittentrains.30 .A.WarningfromNASA.B. H

16、owtotreatRiftValleyfever.C. ThedisastrouseffectsofRiftValleyfever.D. Satellitesandglobalhealth-remotediagnosis.PartIIVocabulary(10%)SectionADirection:Inthissection,allthesentencesareincomplete.Fourwordsorphrases,markedABCandD.aregivenbeneatheachofthem.Youaretochoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesth

17、esentence.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.31 .Agoodnightssleepisbelievedtohelpslowthestomachsemptying,produceasmoother,lessabruptabsorptionofsugar,andwillbetterbrainmetabolism.A.regulateB.activateC.retainD.consolidate32 .TheexplosionandtheoilspillbelowthesurfaceoftheGulfofMexicoleftmymindinsuchat

18、hatIcouldntgettosleep.A.catastropheB.boycottC.turmoilD.mentality33 .Coronaryheartattacksoccurmorecommonlyinthosewithhighbloodpressure,intheobese,incigarettesmokers,andinthosetoprolongedemotionalandmentalstrain.A.sympatheticB.ascribedC.preferableD.subjected34 .Mostcoldsareacquiredbychildreninschoolan

19、dthentoadults.A.conveyedB.transmittedC.attributedD.relayed35.SeveralofthemostpopulousnationsintheworldatthelowerendofthetableofrealGDPpercapitalastyear.A.fluctuatedB.languishedC.retardedD.vibrated36.Presentlythiskindofanti-depressantisstillinclinical,eventhoughtheconcepthasbeenaroundsince1900s.A.tri

20、alsB.applicationsC.implicationsD.endeavors37.Studiesrevealedthatexposuretolow-levelradiationforalongtimemayweakentheimmunesystem,aging,andcausecancer.A.haltB.postponeC.retardD.accelerate38 .Themayorcandidate'spersonalitytraits,beingmodestandgenerous,peopleinhisfavorbeforetheelection.A.predispose

21、dB.presumedC.presidedD.pressured39 .Withitsgracefulmovementsandsalubriouseffectsonhealth,TaiChihasastrongtoavastmultitudeofpeople.A.flavorB.thrillC.appealD.implication40.1 fyouarecatchingatrain,itisalwaysbettertobeearlythanevenafractionofaminutetoolate.A.infinitelyB.temporarilyC.comfortablyD.favorab

22、lySectionBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefourwordsorphrasesbeneatheachsentence,Choosethewordorphrasewhichcanbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart,MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET41 .AllNobelPrizewinners'successisaproc

23、essoflong-termaccumulation,inwhichlastingeffortsareindispensable.A.irresistibleB.cherishedC.inseparableD.requisite42 .TheQueen'spresenceimpartedanairofelegancetothedrinksreceptionatBuckinghamPalaceinLondon.A.bestowedB.exhibitedC.imposedD.emitted43 .Physiciansareclearthatthyroiddysfunctionismanif

24、estingrowingchildrenintheformofmentalandphysicalretardation.A.intensifiedB.apparentC.representativeD.insidious44 .Themechanismthattheeyecanaccommodateitselftodifferentdistanceshasbeenappliedtoautomaticcamera,whichmarksarevolutionarytechniqueadvance.A.yieldB.amplifyC.adaptD.cast45 .Differencesamongbe

25、lieversarecommon;however,itwasthepressureofreligiouspersecutionthatexacerbatedtheirconflictsandcreatedthesplitoftheunion.A.eradicatedB.deterioratedC.vanquishedD.averted46 .WhenPicassowasparticularlypoor,hemighthavetriedtoobliteratetheoriginalcompositionbypaintingoveritoncanvases.B. eliminateC. subst

26、ituteD.A.duplicatecompile47 .Forthesakeofanimalprotection,environmentalistsdeploredtheconstructionprogramofanuclearpowerstation.A.disapprovedB.despisedC.demolishedD.decomposed48 .Politicalfiguresinparticularareheldtoverystrictstandardsofmaritalfidelity.A.loyaltyB.moralityC.qualityD.stability49 .Thep

27、atientcomplainedthathisdoctorhadbeennegligentinnotgivinghimafullexamination.A.prudentB.ardentC.carelessD.brutal50.Shehasbeenhandlingallthecomplaintswithoutwrathforawholemorning.A.furyB.chaosC.despairD.agonyPartIIICloze(10%)Directions:Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtennumberedblanks.Foreachblank,the

28、rearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDontherightside.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEETForyears,scientistshavebeenwarningusthattheradiationfrommobilephonesisdetrimentaltoourhealth,withoutactuallyhavinganyevidencetobackthese_51_up.However,researchnowsuggeststhatmobilephoneradia

29、tionhasatleastonepositivesideeffect:itcanhelppreventAlzheimers,_52_inthemicethatactedastestsubjects.Itsbeensuspected,thoughneverproven,thatheavyuseofmobilephonesisbadforyourhealth.Itsthoughtthatwalkingaroundwithacellphonepermanentlyattachedtothesideofyourheadisalmostsuretobe_53_yourbrain.Andthatmayw

30、ellbetrue,butIdratherwaituntilitsprovenbeforegivingupthatpartofmydailylife.Butwhathasnowbeenproven,inaveryperfunctorymanner,isthatmobilephoneradiationcanhaveaneffectonyourbrain._54_inthiscaseitwasapositiveratherthannegativeeffect.AccordingtoBBCnews,theFloridaAlzheimersDiseaseResearchCenterconducteda

31、studyon96micetoseeiftheradiationgivenoffbymobilephonescouldaffecttheonsetofAlzheimers.Someofthemicewere“geneticallyalteredtodevelopbeta-amyloidplaquesintheirbrains”_55_theyaged.TheseareamarkerofAlzheimers.all96micewerethen“exposedtotheelectro-magnetic_56_generatedbyastandardphonefortwoone-hourperiod

32、seachdayforseventoninemonths.”Theluckythings._57_theexperimentshowedthatthemicealteredtobepredisposedtodementiawereprotectedfromthediseaseifexposedbeforetheonsetoftheillness.Theircognitiveabilitiesweresounimpairedastobevirtually_58_tothemicenotgeneticallyalteredinanyway.Unfortunately,althoughtheresu

33、ltsarepositive,thescientistsdontactuallyknowwhyexposuretomobilephoneradiationhasthiseffect.Butitshopedthatfurtherstudyandtestingcouldresultinanon-invasive_59_forpreventingandtreatingAlzheimersdisease.Autopsiescarriedoutonthemicealsoconcludednoill-effectsoftheirexposuretotheradiation.However,thefactt

34、hattheradiationpreventedAlzheimersmeansmobilephones_60_ourbrainsandbodiesinwaysnotyetexplored.Anditssuretherearenegativeaswellasthisonepositive.51.A. devicesB. risksC.phenomenaD.claims52. A.atleastB. atmostC. asifD. aswell53. A.blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A.ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD.

35、 Besides55. A.untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A.rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A.ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A.identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A.effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A.doaffectB. didaffectC. isaffectingD. couldhaveaffectedPartIVRe

36、adingComprehension(30%)Directions:Inthisparttherearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyfivequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHE.ETPassageoneIhavejustreturnedfromMexico,whereIvisitedafactorymakingmedicalmask

37、s.Facedwithfiercecompetition,theownerhascuthiscostsbyoutsourcingsomeofhisproduction.Scoresofpeopleworkforhimintheirhomes,threadingelasticintomasksbyhand.Theyarepaidbelowtheminimumwage,withnojobsecurityandnohealthcareprovision.Usersofmedicalmasksandotherlaboratorygearprobablygivelittlethoughttowheret

38、heirequipmentcomesfrom.Thatneedstochange.Asignificantproportionoftheseproductsaremadeinthedevelopingworldbylow-paidpeoplewithinadequatelaborrights.Thisleadstohumanmiseryonatremendousscale.Takelabcoats.ManyaremadeinIndia,wheremostcottonfarmersarepaidanunfairpricefortheircropsandfactoryemployeesworkil

39、legalhoursforpoorpay.One-fifthoftheworldssurgicalinstrumentsaremadeinnorthernPakistan.WhenIvisitedtheareaacoupleofyearsagoIfoundmostworkerstoiling12hoursaday,sevendaysaweek,forlessthanadollaraday,exposedtonoise,metaldustandtoxicchemicals.Thousandsofchildren,someasyoungas7,workintheindustry.Towininte

40、rnationalcontracts,factoryownersmustofferrock-bottomprices,andconsequentlydrivedownwagesandlaborconditionsasfarastheycan.Welaboratoryscientistsinthedevelopedworldmayunwittinglybeencouragingthis:weaskhowmuchourequipmentwillcost,butwhichofusaskswhomadeitandhowmuchtheywerepaid?Thisisnosmallmatter.Scien

41、ceissupposedtobenefithumanity,butbecauseoftheconditionsunderwhichtheirtoolsaremade,mayscientistsmayactuallybecausingharm.Whatcanbedone?Aknee-jerkboycottofunethicalgoodsisnottheanswer;itwouldjustmakethingsworseforworkersinthosemanufacturingzones.Whatweneedistostartaskingsupplierstobetransparentaboutw

42、hereandhowtheirproductsaremanufacturedandurgethemtoimprovetheirmanufacturingpractices.Itcanbedone.Manyuniversitiesarecommittedtofairtradeintheformofethicallysourcedtea,coffeeorbananas.Thatmodelshouldbeextendedtolaboratorygoods.Therearesignsthatthingsaremoving.OverthepastfewyearsIhaveworkedwithhealth

43、servicesintheUKandinSweden.Bothhaverecentlyinstitutedethicalprocurementpractices.Ifscienceistrulygoingtohelphumanity,itneedstofollowsuit.61. Fromthemedicalmaskstolabcoats,theauthoristryingtotellusA. thepracticeofoccupationalprotectioninthedevelopingworldB. thedevelopingcountriesplaguedbypovertyanddi

44、sease.C. thecheapestlaborinthedevelopingcountries.D. thehumanmiserybehindthem.62. Theconcerningphenomenontheauthorhasobserved,accordingtothepassage,.A. isnothingbuttherepetitionofthemiserablehistory.B. couldhavebeenevenexaggerated.C. isunfamiliartothewealthywest.D. isprevailingacrosstheworld.63. The

45、authorarguesthatwhenresearchersinthewealthywestbuythetoolsoftheirtrade,theyshould.A. havethesameconcernwiththedevelopingcountries.B. beblindtotheirsourcesforthesakeofhumanityC. pursuegoodbargainsintheinternationalmarket.D. spareathoughtforhowtheyweremade.64. Apropercourseofactionsuggestedbytheauthor

46、is.A. torefusetoimporttheunethicalgoodsfromthedevelopingworld.B. toaskscientiststotellthetruthastheprimevalueoftheirwork.C. tourgethemanufacturerstoaddresstheimmoralissues.D. toimprovethetransparencyofinternationalcontracts.65. Bysayingattheendofthepassagethatifscienceistrulygoingtohelphumanity,itne

47、edstofollowsuit,theauthormeansthat.A. thescientificcommunityshouldstandupforallhumanityB. theprimevalueofscientistsworkistotellthetruth.C. laboratorygoodsalsoneedtobeethicallysourced.D. becauseofscience,thereishopeforhumanity.PassagetwoAlittleinformationisadangerousthing.Alotofinformation,ifitsinacc

48、urateorconfusing,evenmoreso.Thisisaproblemforanyonetryingtospendorinvestinanenvironmentallysustainableway.Investorsarebarragedwithindexespurportingtodescribecompanieseco-credentials,someofdubiousquality.Greenlabelsonconsumerproductsareubiquitous,buttheirclaimsarehardtoverify.Theconfusionisevidentfor

49、mNewScientistsanalysisofwhetherpublicperceptionsofcompaniesgreencredentialsreflectreality.Itshowsthatmanycompaniesconsidered“green”havedonelittletoearnthatreputation,whileothersdonotgetsufficientcreditfortheireffortstoreducetheirenvironmentalimpact.Obtainingbetterinformationiscrucial,becausedecision

50、sbyconsumersandbiginvestorswillhelppropelustowardsagreeneconomy.Atpresent,itistooeasytomakeunverifiedclaims.Takedisclosureofgreenhousegasemissions,forexample.TherearevoluntaryschemessuchastheCarbonDisclosureProject,butlittlescrutinyofthefigurescompaniessubmit,whichmeansinvestorsmaybemisled.Measureme

51、ntscanbedifficulttointerpret,too,likethoseforwatersue.Inthiscase,contextiscrucial:alittlefromrain-soakedIrelandisnotthesameasalittledrawnfromtheArizonadesert.Similarproblemsbedevil“green”labelsattachedtoindividualproducts.Here,thecomputerequipmentratingsystemdevelopedbytheGreenElectronicsCouncilshow

52、sthewayforward.ItscriteriacomefromtheIEEE,theworldsleadingprofessionalassociationfortechnology/Otherschemes,suchasthe“sustainabilityindex”plannedbyUSretailgiantWalmart,arebroader.Developingrigorousstandardsforalargenumberofdifferenttypesofproductwillbetough,placingahugeburdenontheacademic-ledconsort

53、iumthatisdoingtheunderlyingscientificwork.Ourinvestigationalsorevealsthatmanycompanieschoosenottodisclosedata.Somewillwanttokeepitthatway.Thisiswhyweneedlegalrequirementsforfulldisclosureofenvironmentalinformation,withtheclearmessagethatthepolluterwilleventuallyberequiredtopay.Thenmarketforceswilldr

54、ivecompaniestocleanuptheiracts.Letshopewecanrisetothischallenge.Beforewecanhaveagreeneconomyweneedagreeninformationeconomy-andit'sthequalityofinformation,aswellasitsquantity,thatwillcount.66. “Theconfusion”atthebeginningofthe2ndparagraphreferstoA. wheretospendorinvestinasustainablewayB. anarrayo

55、fconsumerproductstochooseC. afogofunreliablegreeninformationD. littleinformationoneco-credibility67. FromtheNewScientistsanalysisitcanbeinferredthatinmanycases.A. eco-credibilityisabusedB. agreeneconomyiscrucialC. anenvironmentalimpactislessenedD. greencredentialspromotegreeneconomy68.Fromunverified

56、claimstodifficultmeasurementsandthentoindividualproducts,theauthorarguesthat.A. eco-credibilityisagamebetweenscientistsandmanufacturesB. neitherscientistsnormanufacturesarehonestC. itisvitaltobuildagreeneconomyD. betterinformationiscritical69. Toaddresstheissue,theauthoriscryingfor.A. transparentcor

57、poratemanagementB. establishingsustainabilityindexesC. toughacademic-ledsurveillanceD. strictlegalweapons70. Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestinferencefromthelastparagraph?A. Thetoughestchallengeisthebestopportunity.B. Itistimeforanothergreenrevolution.C. Informationshouldbefreeforall.D. Noquantity,noquality.PassageThreePeopleareextraordinarilyskilledatspottingcheatsmuchbetterthantheyaredetectingrule-breakingthatdoesnotinvolvecheating.Astudyshowingjusthowgoodweareatthisaddsweighttothetheorythatourexceptionalbrainpoweraroseth