高考英语一轮巩固达标练题Unit1GreatScientists(含解析)新人教版

1、小学+初中+高中GreatScientists李仕才一、阅读理解。Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstat

2、edthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushtheblo

3、odbacktotheheart.Youwon'tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn-outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong-termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?Don'tkeepyourlegscrossed.Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongth

4、eoutsideofyourleg,explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis（麻痹）ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyouranklewhatweknowasthat“pinsandneedles"sensation.Whilethefeelingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossin

5、gyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.1 .Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone'slegs?A. Itisaverybadsocialhabit.B. Itisu

6、suallypracticeddeliberately.C. Itcanmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.D. Itcandoharmtopeople'shealth.2 .Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan.A.resistgravityeffectivelyB.affectyourbloodpressureC.leadtoheartattackseasilyD.improvethefunctionoflegs3.1 nthethirdparagraph"pinsandneedles&qu

7、ot;probablymeans.A.seriousmuscleinjuriesB.beingalittlenervousC.slightsharppainsD.beinghighlyflexible4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A. Togivereaderssomeadvice.B. Tocomparecommonhabits.C. Toevaluateeffectsofanexperiment.D. Tointroduceresearchmethods.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现跷二郎腿对身体有害，大家要改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。1.D

8、【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的"itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof."可知，跷二郎腿对健康有害。2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的"sittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure."可知，跷二郎腿会使血压升高。3c【解析】词义猜测题根据坦I线词前的Fiispressurecancausenumbnessandtcmpoiaiypaialysis编痹)cfsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg.

9、preventingyoufrombeingabletofalseyouranlclef知,这种压力会造成腿部和脚部肌肉的麻木和短暂性麻痹，从而使你不能感觉到这种轻微的疼痛，故画线词词义为啜徵的癖痛二4.A【解析】文章意图题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.”及最后段中的"Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor."可知，研究发现跷二郎腿对健康有害

10、，因此这篇文章的目的是建议大家改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。二、语法填空。Chinawillallowallcouplestohavetwochildren,1(give)upitsdecades-longone-childpolicy,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)2(announce)afterakeymeetingonThursday.Thechangeofpolicyisintendedtobalancepopulationdevelopmentandmeetthechallengeofanagingpopulation,accordingtoacommunique

11、(公报)_3_(issue)小学+初中+高中最新高考英语一轮复习强化训练aftertheFifthPlenarySessionofthe18thCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)CentralCommitteeheldfromMondaytoThursday.Theproposalmustbeapprovedbythetoplegislature(立法机关)_4_itcomesintoforce.China'sfamilyplanningpolicywasfirstintroducedinthelate1970s_5_(control)therapid_6_(grow

12、)ofthepopulationbylimitingmosturbancouples_7_onechild,andastoruralcouples,theycanhavetwochildrenonconditionthattheirfirstbornchildwasagirl.Thepolicywaslaterrelaxed.Parents_8_werebothonlychildrenintheirfamilycouldhave_9_secondchild.Theone-childpolicywas10(far)loosenedinNovember2013aftertheThirdPlenar

13、ySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee,andcouplesareallowedtohavetwochildrenifoneofthemisanonlychild.1. ..10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来。1. giving考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语China与giveup之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语，故填giving。2. announced考查动词的时态。根据时间状语onThursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。3. issued考查非谓语动词。分析句子

14、结构可知，issue与communique之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。4. before考查连词。句意：提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before在之刖。5. tocontrol考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。6. growth考查词性转换。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。7. to考查介词。limit.to.“限定到”是固定搭配。8. who/that考查定语从句的引导词。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为parents

15、,关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。9. a考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。这里指“再生一个小孩，或可生第二个孩子”。10. further考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事情的程度，故填further。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、日C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。Everymorning,onmywaytowork,Iseehomelesspeoplesleepingonsidewalks.Clearly,they'reinneedof_1_.Ifeeli

16、ta(n)_2_toseethis,andmostpeoplewalkby,_3_thehomelessdon'texist,anddon'tofferanyhelpatall,notevena_4_.Recently,it'sbeenextremelycold,makingthingsespecially_5_forthehomeless.UsuallyIarriveatworkaround8am,whenthehomelessarestillasleep.I'mnotsurewhetherit'sagood6toleavesomethingforth

17、emwhilethey're_7_,asitmaygetstolenortheymaynoteven_8_it._Today,I_9_someone,whoseemedtobehomeless,sittingonthesidewalk,awake.Ihadsometime_10Iwasduetostartwork,soIdashedacrossthestreettoaskifIcouldgetanythingforhimtodrinkoreat.Hewantedacola,soIwentandgotthisforhim_11_abanana.Igavehimthedrinkandban

18、ana,thenwentbacktomyofficeacrossthestreet,andwentupstairstogetthebagIrecently_12_witheverydayitems.I'dbeenplanningtogiveittosomeoneinneed,sothiswasagreat_13_.Ihurriedbacktogivethebagtothestranger,whowas_14.Societymayfeeluncomfortablewithhomelesspeople._15,wemustrememberthey'rejustlikeus.They

19、'rejustdownontheir_16_fordifferentreasons.Ifwe17tothoseinneed,ourheartswillgrowandwecan18makeourworldbetter.SingerPhilCollinssangasongtitledAnotherDayinParadise,which_19ustobegratefulforthemanyblessingswehaveandnotto_20_thosewhoarelessfortunate.1.A.balanceB.significanceC.performanceD.assistance2

20、.A.dutyB.regretC.advanceD.equality3.A.imaginingB.expectingC.pretendingD.announcing4.A.wordB.hugC.pityD.gift5.A.absurdB.boringC.complexDtouch6.A.ideaBexcuseC.lessonD.reason7.A.relaxedB.absent-mindedC.unawareD.dizzy8.A.knowB.wantC.shareD.afford9.A.spottedB.approachedC.recognizedD.interviewed10.A.whenB

21、.sinceC.beforeD.unless11.A.insteadofB.exceptforC.regardlessofD.alongwith12.A.replacedB.packedC.decoratedD.combined13.A.trialB.honorC.opportunityD.reward14.A.gratefulB.carefulC.hopefulD.skillful15.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.However16.A.effortB.luckC.appearanceD.reputation17.A.lookoutB.breakoutC

22、.reachoutD.turnout18.A.trulyB.properlyC.deliberatelyD.approximately19.A.intendsB.remindsC.promisesD.persuades20.A.trickB.blameC.doubtD.forget【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者帮助无家可归的人的故事。【核心词汇】extremelyadv.极其，极端dashv.急奔，急驰，猛冲paradisen.天堂blessingn.上帝的恩宠，祝福1. D根据下文的"don'tofferanyhelpatall”可知，这些无家可归的人需要帮助。assist

23、ance意为"帮助"。故选D。2. B根据下文作者帮助无家可归的人可推知，作者同情这些无家可归的人，看到他们睡在大街上感到很是遗憾。故选B。3. C根据"anddon'tofferanyhelpatall”并结合上文的"Ifeelita(n)_2_toseethis”可推知，大部分的路人对无家可归的人漠不关心，视而不见，即假装(pretending)没看到。4. A根据“even”可推知，大部分人不仅不提供帮助，甚至连一句问候都没有。5. D根据空前的"it'sbeenextremelycold”并结合语境可推知，天气特别寒冷，

24、无家可归的人的日子更加艰难(tough)。6. A结合语境可知，作者不确定自己的那种做法是否是好主意(idea)。7. C承接上文的"UsuallyIarriveatworkaround8am,whenthehomelessarestillasleep”可推知，无家可归的人在作者早上开始上班时还都在睡觉，是不会觉察到的(unaware)。8. B根据“even”的提示并结合上文作者的犹豫可推知，作者不确定自己对他们的帮助是否正是无家可归的人所需要的。9. A根据语境可推知，作者在人行道上发现了一个醒着的无家可归的人。spot表示“发现”，符合语境。10. C根据语境可知，作者离上班还

25、有些时间，所以选Co11. D根据语境以及下文的"Igavehimthedrinkandbanana”可推知，作者顺便还给这个人带了香蕉。alongwith表示"除以外(还)”。12. B根据空后的"witheverydayitems”可知，作者包里装着每天的必需品。packwithsth.表示“装着某物"。13. C根据语境可知，作者认为这是一个极好的帮助无家可归的人的机会。14. A根据语境可推知，把自己的东西馈赠给他人，别人是感恩的(grateful)。15. D根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故选D=16. B根据语境可推知，那些无家可

26、归的人只是由于某种原因一时穷困潦倒而已，downonone'sluck表示"穷困潦倒"。17. C根据语境可知，如果我们愿意帮助他们，世界会变得更美好。reachouttosb.表示“愿意为某人提供帮助”。18. A根据语境可知，帮助他人的确会让我们的世界变得更美好。truly"的确，真实地“；properly"恰当地"；deliberately"故意地"；approximately"大约"。19. BPhilCollins的歌提醒我们要感恩。remindsb.todosth.意为“提醒某人做某事”符合语境。20. D根据语境可推知，人们不要忘记那些不幸的人。四、短文改错。Oneday,anoldmanwasreturninghomeaftershopping.Suddenly,abagofwastefellinthesky,nearlyhittinghimonhishead.Hewasgreatlyfrighteningbytheunexpectedincident.Droppedthethingshehadboughttotheground,heranawayrapidly.Whatdangerousitwas!Obviously,the