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1、新人教版初二下册英语知识点归纳:Un it -1 -What' s-the-matter一询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时,常用以下句型:1. What 's the matter (with sb ) ? 2. What 's the trouble / problem ( with sb ) ?3. What 's wrong ( with sb)? 你怎么了? 4. What's one's trouble / problem ?5.What ' s up ? 6. What happened to sb ?7.Are you
2、OK ? 8. Is there anything wrong with sb ? 二表达身体不适或疼痛时,常用以下结构:1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名称: have a cold( 患感冒 )/ fever / cough / temperature注: have a cold 相当于 get a cold/catch a cold/have got a cold;havea bad cold( 患重感冒 ) ; have a heart problem有心脏病2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身体部位: have a sore throat
3、/ back3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身体部位 +ache( 构成疾病名词 )have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache4.Sb + hurt(s) +身体部位 / oneself ; Hehurt his leg . 或身体部位 + hurts My head hurts badly .5.There is something wrong with one' s + 身体部位。6.Sb +have /has a pain in one' s + 身体部位三情态动词 should /
4、 should ' t 的用法:意为'应该,应当' 后接动 词原形,无人称和数的变化。通常表示提出意见或建议,或义务和责任,还可表 示命令责备或要求等语气 ;1. You should lie down and rest . 2.You should' t eat so much nexttime . 3. What should I do ?4. Should I put somemedicine on it ? Yes ,you should ./ No, youshould ' t.四、if引导的条件句,如果主句是祈使句、含有情态动词或用一般将来时
5、, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。Section A1. sore adj.疼痛的 可作定语或表语 She has a sore throat / back . Myleg is very sore .2. back n.后面,背面 He sat at the back of the classroom. adv .回(原处) come back3. lie 躺 , 卧 -lay.lain.lying lie down 躺 下 撒 谎-lied.lied .lying You are lying to me .n. 谎言假话 tell a lie / lies lay .-laid .laid.
6、laying产卵 下蛋放置4. rest 休息 v./n. You should rest for a few days . get some rest= have(take) a rest /a break / breaks 休息一下5. to ones surprise使某人惊讶的是 常作插入语,位于句首 ,其后用逗号与其他部分隔开。 To his surprise,she failed the exam .To one's +表示感情色彩的名词,意为使 / 令某人 的是; to one's joy 令/使某人高兴的是, to one's disappointmen
7、t 令/使某人失望的是 to one' s satisfaction 令 / 使 某 人 满 意 的 是 ; in surprise 吃 惊 地 surpris ing( 物)What surpris ing n ews !Surprised(人) be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprisedthat 6. much too+形容词,太,too ma ny+可数名词复数,太多too much环可数名词,太多(前)也可做副词修饰动词(后)talk too much7. enough 形容、副词 ,足够的/地, (1) en
8、ough + 名词; enough water (2) 形畐寸 + eno ugh ; good eno ugh (3)e no ugh 后常接(for+ 名词 / 代词)to do sth. 意 为足够/ 能做某事18. sound like+ 名词代词和从句:听起来像 It sounds like you don't know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.Sound( look/feel/taste/smell)+ 形容词 听起来 . eg. The music soundsnice.9. need (1). 需要,实义动词 人作主语
9、 need+sth ,需要某物; need (sb)to do sth. 需要做某事,(2). 物作主语; sth needs doing/ to be done ; The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned.(3) 情态动词 , 多用于否定句或疑问句Need I stay here ?-Yes, youmust . /No, you need ' t.10. agree同意,赞同 -disagree( 反义词 ) agree with sb. 同意某人 ( 意见或观点 )agree to dosth.同意做某事11. right away =rig
10、ht now =at once ,意为 马上 。12. advice(不可数 ) 建议 , 意见 a piece of advice一条建议 give sb.advice on sth./ take one's advice advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事13. hurt及物动词,使疼痛,受伤, He hurt his leg. He hurther feelings.不及物动词,(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.14. hit -hit (过去式)(用手或器具)打;击打 T
11、he boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背, on 用在所打较硬的部位;hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach/mouth打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子、嘴巴, in 用在所打较软的部位。当名词用时; get hit on the head 头部受到撞击15. see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事(强调看见某个动作正在进行)I saw a boy playing football near my home.See sb do sth 看见某人做某事(强调看
12、见动作发生的全过程)We saw him cross the road.类似于 see 这种用法的动词,常见的有 watch,hear,notice 等。16. shout to sb 向某人喊话 shout at sb 冲某人叫喊(贬义) shout for help 大声呼救17. expect sb to do sth 期待某人去做某事。18. think about( +doing 考虑 think of 想起,认为 think over 仔细考虑think up 想出19. falldown( +from)摔倒,跌倒(相当于fall off从跌落下来)fall behind 落后,跟
13、不上 fall into 落入fall asleep 入睡 fall in love with 爱上 fall over 跌倒20. 反身代词 myself./ yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves /yourselves / themselves作同位语; Did you make the cake yourself ? 做表语 I 'm not myself today .enjoy oneself (玩得高兴) help oneself to (随便吃 . ) by oneself (独自、单独) hurt/ cut
14、oneself (伤着、割伤自己) teach oneself=learn sth by oneself (自学)21. trouble (不可数 ) ;苦恼,问题 be in trouble 处于困境 get intotrouble 陷入困境 make trouble 制造麻烦 have (no)trouble / difficulties/ problems (in) doing sth 做 有麻烦 , 做某事( 没) 有困难22. put on sth 在某物上放 put some medicine on the cut ( 伤口) 在伤口上敷些药 put a bandage on it
15、 在它上面放绷带23. in the sameway 以同样的方式 on the way to 在去的路上 in the way 挡路out of the way 不再碍事 by the way 顺便说一下 in this way 用这种方 法 in a way 在某种程度上24. get an X-ray拍 X 光片 take one 's temperature 量体温 hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 see a dentist 看牙医 go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctor 's 看医
16、生 all weekend 整个周末 on the side ofthe road 在马路边 without thinking twice没多想 get sunburned 被晒伤have a heart problem 有心脏病 feel very hot 感到很热 have a nosebleed 流 鼻血 put her head back 把她的头向后仰 save a life 挽救生命 cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖 do the right thing做正确的事 go mountain climbing 去爬山25. with (1) 具有,带有 (事物具有的性质、特征)其
17、反义词: without 没 有(后接名词、代词、动词 -ing 形式, without thinking twice 没多想。 (2) 和 在一起 talk with a friend (3)使用 with a knife26. Take one's temperature 量体温 take a message 捎口信 take a shower 洗淋浴 take a walk 散步 take one ' s order 点菜 take the subway 乘地铁 take a trip 旅行 take sb. ' s place 代替;替换 take breaks
18、(take a break) 休息 take risks 冒险27.lie (lay ,lain ,lying) (1) 躺、平躺 lie down 躺下 (2) 存在、处于 lie (in/on/to) 位于 (3) 撒谎 lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 (4) 谎言、假话 tell alie/tell lies 说谎28. for too long太长时间 介词 for 后接一段时间29. be away from 远离; 离开(后接地点,意为远离某地)30. get off 下车(下汽车、火车、飞机等) ; get on 上车(登上汽车、火 车等)后接较大的交通工具 , 反义词 get
19、 off ; get into 进入(汽车、出租车、 电梯等)后接较小的交通工具; get out of 从 下来(汽车、出租车、电梯、直升飞机等),反义词: get into31. thanks to 多亏, 由于, 因为( =because of =with the help of )并无当 面感谢的意思,后接名词或代词; thanks for 因. 而感谢 后接感谢的原因, 后接名词、代词、动词 -ing 形式32. happen vi. 发生 不能用于被动语态,且不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 (1) 表示某地 /某时发生了某事: sth.+happened+ 地点/ 时间 (2)表示某
20、人出了 某事: sth.happened to sb. (3) 当 happen 作“碰巧”时 sb.happened to do sth.( 某人碰巧做某事 ) It happened +that从句 (碰巧怎么样)33. expect 预料、期待 expect sb.to do sth.预料 / 期待某人做某事34.in time 及时(强调正好赶上事先约定的时间, 没有迟到, 其后可接 for短语,意为正赶上某事。 )on time 准时 (按计划做某事,强调不迟到,不早不 晚。)Section B1. sick adj. 生病的,有病的。作表语和定语。ill只能作表语be /feel
21、sick =be ill 恶心的 I feel a little sick. 厌倦的 be sick of I 'msick of running .2. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于适应做某事(be = get = become) He is used to getting up early .be used to do sth = be used for sth /doing被用于做某事 Wood is usedto make houses .used to do sth 过去常做某事 He used to go to work by bus .us
22、e sth.to do sth.用某物做某事 =use sth.for doing sth.3. take a risk=take risks冒险 the risk of sth /doing 的风险 atrisk 在危险中 risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事4. in a very dangerous situation在一种非常危险的情况下5. sth. run out 某物用完,用尽 When his water run out, he knew thathe would have to do something to save his own life. sb. run ou
23、t of sth. 人用尽了某物。 He run out of all his money last night.6 blood 血,不可数。 a drop of blood 一滴血 bloody 有血的,出血的 get out of 离开, 从出来7. mean-meant动词意思是;意为,表示一个人的言论或行为、某一标志或词语的意思所指,后接名词、动词-ing形式或宾语从句。? mean意味着, 后接名词或动词 -ing 形式作宾语。 meandoing sth 意味着做某事 ? 打算 meanto do sth 打算做某事 I mean to go tomorrow.meaning 名词
24、,含义;意思。 mean 形容词:小气的,吝啬的探 What do you mea n by the word ?= What does the word mea n ?= What isthe meaning of the word ?8. theimportance of (doing) sth 做某事的重要性 Do you understand the importance of studying hard ?important -unimportant (不 ) 重要的9. free 形容词:空闲的 free time ;免费的 The drink is for free ;自 由的
25、I want to become a free bird.free 【动词】使解脱,得到自由: He could not free his arm.10. makea decision to do sth.=decide to do sth = makeup one's mindto do sth =determine to do sth 下决心做某事11. be in control of 掌管,管理 The headmaster is in control of this new school.be out of control无法控制,无法管理 under control 在控制
26、之下12. death 名词(不) -die动词 dead 形容词 -dying 形容词 :垂死的,临终的He is afraid of death . She died two years ago . The dog is dead .It is a dying bird.13. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事, give up (playing) computer games / Never give up easily.14. sothat 以便,为的是 (当主句与从句主语一致是 = in order to =so asto )He worked hard so that he cou
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