中考人教版二轮复习学案专题3—冠词

1、中考人教版二轮复习学案专题3一冠词精讲必备考点考点一不定冠词考点二定冠词考点三零冠词的用法考点四词组中有无冠词的区别冠词是放在名词前起修饰限定作用的虚词，可以分为不定冠词（a,an）和定冠词（the）两类。考点一不定冠词不定冠词的用法用法例句用于第一次提到的人或事物前。Long,longago,therewasamountain.很久以前，这里有一座山。泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他的种类。Myuncleisanactor.我叔叔名演员。泛指同类中的任何一个，意为“某一”，含后/、确定的意思。Ateacherislookingforyououtside.外向有一位老师正在找你。表示单位量

2、词，含有“每一”的意思。Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.这药每天吃二次。附于杲些固定短语中。Ifyouaretired,pleasesitdownandhavearest.如果你累了，就坐卜来休息一下。用于某些不可数名词前表示数量“一次；一阵；一份；一类”。Therewasaheavysnowinourcitylastnight.昨晚我们这里卜大雪了。用于可视升-体的两个名词前。There'sacupandsauceronthetable.桌子上有一个茶杯和一个茶托。注意:1 .不定冠词a与an的区别以元音音素开头的词前用an;以辅音音素开头的词前用a。如果

3、名词之前有修饰语，用a还是an要根据修饰语的第一个音素来定。有些单词如useful,university,European等虽然是以元音字母开头，但却是以辅音因素开头，所以需要冠词修饰时用a;有些单词如hour,honest等虽然是以辅音字母开头，却是以元音因素开头，所以需要冠词修饰时用an。以元音因素开头的字母：a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x。2 .不定冠词的位置当名词被such,half,what,many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。Heleftinsuchahurrythatheforgottoclosethedoor.他离开得如此匆忙以至于忘了关门。Ittookme

4、halfanhourtowritetheletter.写那封信花了我半个小时。Whataninterestingbookitis!这是多么有趣的一本书啊！Manyamanhasgonetothebigcitiesforwork.许多人至U大城市打工去了。当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词后。Shewassoniceagirlthatshetooktheblindmantothestation.她是这么好的一个女孩，她把那位盲人带到了车站。当名词前的形容词前有quite,rather或very时，不定冠词放在quite或rather之后，very之前。quite

5、agoodbook一本相当好的书ratherausefultool一种相当有用的工具averyinterestingstory个非常有趣的故事【典例精析】1. Doyouknowaspaceshipfliesataboutnineteenkilometerssecond?A.theB.aC./D.an2. 一MyfamilyandIwillgotoChangshathissummerholiday.-Havegoodtime.A.aB.anC.the3. 一DoyouknowRobert?Yes,heisuniversitystudent.Helikessportsandrunsforhour

6、everymorning.A.a;aB.a;anC.an;anD.an;a考点二定冠词定冠词的用法用法例句双方都知道的人或事物。Lucyisintheroom.露四在那个房间里。特指某人或某物。Canyouseethebirdinthetree?你能看见树上的鸟吗？表小上文已经提到过的人或事物。Abagisonthedesk.Thebagismine.椅子上有一个书包，那个书包是我的。表示世界上独f二的事物。Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大。用在一些固定短语中。Bytheway,where'sthepostoffice?顺便问一下，邮局在哪里？与姓氏的复

7、数连用，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。TheSmithsaregoingforatripnextweek.史密斯一家准备下周去旅行。用在表示方位和乐器的名词前。ontheleft在左辿playthepiano弹钢琴用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。Tomisthetallestboyintheclass.汤姆是班里最高的男孩。用在某些国家、江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等名词前。TheUSAisinNorthAmerica.美国在美洲的北部。与某些形容词连用，表示一类人。Therichshouldhelpthepoor.富人应该帮帮穷人。【典例精析】1. It'sjustashortdista

8、ncefromheretorestaurant.A.aB.anC.theD.不填2. 一Doyouknowgirlingreen?Sheisourmonitor.A.aB.anC.theD.不填3. ThereisAmericanboyinourclassandboycanspeakgoodChinese.A.an;theB.an;anC.a;anD.a;the4. Thereisnolivingthingonmoon.（2012福州）A.theB.aC./5. Tony,what'smatterwithyou?-Ihavetoothache.A.a;theB.the;aC./;the

9、D.the;/6. 一Doyouplaypianoinyourfreetime?No,Ilikesports.Ioftenplaysoccerwithmyfriends.A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD.a;a7. GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.A.The;theB.A;aC.The;a考点三零冠词的用法零冠词的用法用法例句表示公园、街道、车站、学校等的专有名词前/、用冠词。FifthAvenueisverybusy.第五大街一片繁忙。不可数名词或复数名词表泛指时，其前不用冠词。Mancan'tlivewithoutwater.人类离

10、小开水。表示学科名称、三餐、球类或棋牌类的名词前/、用冠词。Whatdoyouhavefordinner?你晚饭吃的什么？节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前不用冠词。Springcomesafterwinter.冬天过后就是春天。表示职业、身份、头衔等的名词前不用冠词。WashingtonwasmadePresidentoftheUSA.华盛顿被选为美国总统。由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的街名、路名、山名等名词前/、用冠词。NanjingRoad南京路HainanIsland海南岛与by连用的交通工具名词前不用冠词。bycar乘小汽车bybike骑自行车“kindof+名词"或&quo

11、t;sortof+名词”结构中的名词前不用冠词。Whatkindofflowerisit?这是什么花？Ilikethissortofbook.我售欢这种书。在某些固定短语中不用冠词。Don'ttalkinclass.上课的时候不要说话。【典例精析】1.一HaveyouheardofHouYifan,femaleworldchesschampion?Yes,sheisfromTaizhou.We'reproudofher.A. a;/B.the;theC.a;theD.the;/B.2. Ithinkit'sreallyhardworkformetofinishthejo

12、bintwentyminutes.A.aB.anC.theD./3. Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?-Apieceofbreadandegg.A.a;anB./;theC.a;theD./;an4. Let'splaysoccer.-Idon'thavesoccerball.A./;aB.the;aC.a;theD./;the5. ThethirdSundayofJuneisFather'sday.It'sspecialdayforchildrentoshowtheirlovetotheirfather.A.a;theB.th

13、e;aC./;a6. Itisagoodhabittogotobedearlyandgetupearly.A.aB.anC.theD./7. 一IsMr.FrancoHollandhonestandcapableman?-Yes.AndthatiswhyhewaschosenpresidentofFrance.A.aB.an;/C.the;theD.a;/考点四词组中有无冠词的区别后同词无冠词attheschool在上学atschool在学校atthetable在桌子旁边attable在吃饭bythesea在海边bysea乘船gototheschool到学校去（不一te是学生）gotoscho

14、ol去上学（是学生）gotothebed向床走去，走到床前（不一定是去睡觉）gotobed就寝，上床睡觉inthebed（某物）在床上inbed（躺、睡）在床上intheclass在班级里inclass在上课inthehospital在医阮里（不是病人）inhospital因病住院inthefuture各来infuture今后inthefrontof在内部的前回infrontof在外部的前回thenextyear第二年nextyear明年ontheearth在地球上onearth究竟taketheplace(of)代替takeplace发生onthehorseback在马背上onhorseba

15、ck骑着马thetwoofus我们两人（共计两人）twoofus我们当中的两人outofthequestion不可能，不允许outofquestion星无疑问atthedesk在书杲为atdesk在读书或做作业attheschool在学校（指教职，等）atschool在校上学（指学生）atthesea在海边atsea在航海中bytheday按日，论日（计算）byday在白天outoftheoffice离开办公室outofoffice离职outoftheprison（因事）从监狱出来outofprison（因犯罪）出狱【针对练习】考点一：不定冠词【经典习题】()1.DoyouknowDavid?

16、Yes.Heisuniversitystudent.Helikessportsandrunsforhoureverymorning.A.a;aB.a;anC.an;anD.an;a()2.-HaveyoueverseenthefilmPaddington?Yes.It'ssointerestingthatIwanttoseeitsecondtime.A.theB.aC./D.an()3.It'sasunnydaytoday.Let'sgoforwalk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD./【考点点拨】不定冠词a和an用于单数可数名词前，表示首次提及或者泛指。a

17、用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前。不定冠词可用来表示某一类人或事物，也可用来表示某一类人或事物中的某一个。不定冠词表示数量“一”，但数的概念不如one强烈。不定冠词可置于序数词前，表示数量或序数的增加。在某些固定搭配中用不定冠词，如：talkawalk,haveacold等。考点二：定冠词【经典习题】()1.ManypeoplethinkGuoJingmingisoneofgreatestwritersinChina.A.aB.anC.theD./()2.Mylittlebrotherplayspianowellandhewantstobeapianistwhenhegr

18、owsup.A.aB.anC.theD./()3.woundedweretakentohospitalatonce.A.AB.TheC./D.An【考点点拨】定冠词the的常见用法：用于表示第二次提到或谈话双方都知道的人或事。用于有定语从句或of短语结构修饰的名词前。用于世界上独一无二的事物名称前。 用于某些形容词前表示一类人。 用于序数词、形容词最高级前。 用于姓或名的复数形式前，表示某一家人、某夫妇或同名的某几个人所组成的小群体。 用于西洋乐器名词前。 用于某些固定词组。考点三：零冠词【经典习题】()1.Shejusthadacupofmilkforbreakfast.A.aB.anC.t

19、heD./()2.-Jim,shallwegoandplayfootballinthepark?-Idon'tthinkthat'sagoodidea.A.aB.theC./D.an()3.Minniehadbadcold.Shehadtostayinbed.A.a;aB.a;theC./;theD.a;/【考点点拨】零冠词的常见用法： 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等前使用零冠词。 星期、月份、季节、节日(中国传统节日除外)等名词前用零冠词。 学科、一日三餐、语言、球类运动和棋类游戏等名词前用零冠词。当表示独一无二的头衔、职位或身份的名词用作表语、补语或同位语时，名词前用零冠词

20、。 某些固定词组中要用零冠词。一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。Fewstudentslikehomework,butitisanimportantpartofmiddleschoollifeintheUK.TheUKhastheserulesforhomework:Grades7and8(ages11to13):45to90minutesperday;Grade9(ages14to15):1to2hoursaday.Today,manyhomeworktasksaredoneonacomputer.Forexample,prepari

21、ngreports,usingtheInternetordoingonlinetasks.Soschoolsareusuallyopenbeforeandafternormalhours.Inthisway,studentswithoutcomputersortheInternetathomecanusetheschools'facilities(设备).Sometimes,studentsaregivenextendedlearningtasks.Thatmeanstheyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis(分析).Buthoweverbigataskis

22、,teachersalwaysgivefeedback反馈)tohelpstudentsfindtheareaswheretheycanimprove.Someschoolssendstudentshomewithhomediaries.TheyadviseparentstocheckontheirChildren'sprogress.Sadly,noteveryparenttakesmuchinterest.Inasurveyof1,000studentsaged11to18,over10percentsaidthattheydidnothavespaceathometodohome

23、work.Almost15percentsaidtheirfamiliesdidnotsupportthemenough.(1)IntheUK,whichoneofthefollowingshouldn'tdohomeworkformorethan90minutes?A. Astudentof12.B.Agirlof14.C.Aboyof15.Ifastudentdoesn'thaveacomputerortheInternet,howcanhefinishhisonlinehomework?A.Hedoesn'thavetofinishit.B. Hecanaskhi

24、steacherforhelp.C. Hecanfinishitatschool.(3) Theunderlinedword"extended"inParagraph4probablymeans.A.扩展的Bl别的则难的(4) Whydosomeschoolssendstudentshomewithhomediaries?A. Toadvisestudentstodotheirhomeworkintime.B. Toadviseparentstolearnmoreabouttheirchildren'sprogress.C. Toadviseparentstohel

25、ptheirchildrenwiththeirhomework.(5)Whichpartisthepassageprobablyfrominanewspaper?A.Education.B.Sports.C.Amusement.【答案】(1)AC(3) A(4) B(5) A【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了英国学生的家庭作业情况。不同年龄段的学生家庭作业时间不同。现在大部分的学生都通过电脑完成作业。学生们还需要做一些扩展作业。学校也希望家长配合来更好的帮助学生完成家庭作业。(1)细节理解题。根据Grade9(ages14to15):1to2hoursaday。可知，14到15岁的学生需要做

26、1到2小时的作业。根据Grades7and8(ages11to13):45to90minutesperday可知，12岁的学生只需要做45到90分钟。故选Ao(2)细节理解题。根据Soschoolsareusuallyopenbeforeandafternormalhours。Inthisway,studentswithoutcomputersortheInternetathomecanusetheschools'facilities因此，学校通常在正常时间前后开放，这样，没有电脑或家里的互联网的学生就可以使用学校的设施。可知，没有电脑的学生可以在学校完成在线作业。故选Q(3)词义猜测

27、题。结合语境，Sometimes,studentsaregivenextendedlearningtasks。根据Thatmeanstheyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis(分析).可知此处表示有时候，学生们会做一些扩展的学习任务。故选A。(4)细节理解题。根据Theyadviseparentstocheckontheirchildren'sprogress。可知，学校让孩子们带家庭日记回家，是为了让家长了解一下孩子们的进展。故选B。(5)推理判断题。通读全文TheUKhastheserulesforhomework英国有这些家庭作业规则，可知本文主要讲解

28、英国的学生的作业情况。所以，本文应该出自报纸的教育部分。故选Ao【点评】此题考查阅读理解。此题涉及到细节理解，词意猜测和推理判断等题型。对于细节理解题，可直接从短文的细节中找出问题答案。对于词意猜测题，要根据上下文的联系，进行推理，确定词在文章中的意思，对于推理判断题，要根据文章的细节及作者的观点和对文章的认知进行推测判断，找出正确答案。2.阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。BlueLightninggo-kartSallylovedcarsmorethananythingelse.Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoen

29、terfortheGo-GoRace.Sosheaskedherdadforhelp."Well,"hesaid."Howaboutthis:youdosomeresearchfirstandthencomebacktomewithadesign."Aweeklater,SallybroughthernotesanddrawingstoDad.Shenamedhergo-kart"BlueLightning".Dadlookedoverherwork,thinking."Well,that'sinteresting,

30、"hesaid."Haveatry.JustbuildBlueLightningasyou'vedesigned."Overthreeweekendsofhardwork,Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpainteditlightblue.Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.Sallyagreed.Aftershedidthat,SallydrovebacktoDad."Well,"shesaid."NowIknowwhyyouwan

31、tedmetohaveatestdrive."Oh,doyou?"hesaid."Pleaseshare.""WhenIdrovefast,therewasalotofpushback,"shesaid."Ithinkit'sbecauseofthelightningbolt(闪电)shape.""Verygood!"Dadsaid."So,whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutthatprobleminthefirstplace?"Sallyaske

32、d.Dadlaughed."Where'sthefuninthat?Ifyougiveamanafish,he'lleatforaday.Butifyouteachamantofish,he'lleatforalifetime."Sallysaid,"Isee.Anyway,designingishalfthefun!"Dadsmiled."Good.Sometimes,learninghappensduringtheprocess.Welearnhowtodosomethingrightbydoingitafewtim

33、esfirstandmakingmistakesalongtheway."ThatencouragedSallyandsheworkedevenharder.WhensheshowedDadhernewgo-kart,henoddedwithpride.Finallycametherace.Sallywasn'tworriedaboutwhethershewouldwininhermind,shehadalreadywon,bybuildingsomethingbetterthaneverbefore.11) Sallythoughtofbuildingago-kartto.

34、A.practicedrivingB.enterforaraceC.playwithfriendsD.dosomeresearch(2) WhatdidSally'sdadaskhertodoaftershebuiltthego-kart?A.Tohaveatestdrive.B.Totakeagoodrest.C.Togiveitacoolname.D.Topaintitlightblue.33)Sally'sstorymainlytellsusthat.A.winningaraceisimportantB.fishingbringsusalotoffunC.drivinge

35、xperienceisnecessaryD.learninghappensduringtheprocess【答案】(1)BA(3) D【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述在过程中学习，我们通过做某事数次，然后发现错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事。(1)细节题。根据Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoenterfortheGo-GoRace.可知她想造卡丁车参加比赛，故选Bo(2)细节题。根据Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.造好卡丁车后，爸爸叫她进行测试驾，故选A。(3)主旨题。文章主要讲述我们通过做某事数次，然后发现

36、错误，最后学会怎样正确地做某事，在过程中学习，故选D。【点评】细节题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3.根据短文内容理解选择正确答案。BEveryoneworries.Buthowdoyoudealwithyourworries?Whetheryourworriesarebigorsmall,youcantakethesethreestepstodealwithyourworries:Trytofindoutwhatyou'reworriedabout.Sometimes,youwillknowwhatyou'

37、;reworriedabout.Othertimes,youmightnot.Trytofinditoutfirst.Ifyoucan't,youcanaskforhelp.ThinkofwaystomakeitbetterThereisalwayssomethingyoucandotohelpyoufeellessworried.Sittingthereworryingisnofunanditwon'tsolveyourproblem.Gradesatschoolareoftenatopworryforkids.Ifyou'reworriedaboutgrades,a

38、skyourselfthesequestions:Whyaregradesimportant?Whatdogradesmeantome?HowdoIgetreadyforclass?DoIgoover(复习)mynotesevenwhenthereisn'tatest?DoIhaveagoodplacetodomyhomework?HaveItrieddifferentwaysofstudying?AskforhelpWhenyou'reworried,itcanhelptofindsomeonetotalkto.Youcanaskyourparents,friends,ort

39、eachersforhelp.(1) Howmanystepsofdealingwithyourworriesarementioned(提及)inthepassage?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Seven(2) Whenyoudon'tknowwhatyou'reworriedabout,.A.youshouldtrytofinditoutB.youcan'taskforhelpC.youdon'tneedtothinkofwaysD.youcansitthereworrying(3) Ifyou'reworriedaboutgrades,

40、youcanaskyourselfthesequestionsexcept"".A.Whyaregradesimportant?B.Whatdogradesmeantome?C.HowdoIgetreadyforclass?D.Whydon'tmyfriendslikeme?【答案】(1)BA(3)D【解析】【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了如何应对烦恼的三种方法，一是找出自己担心的问题，二是想办法让情况变得更好，三是请求帮助。细节理解题。根据Whetheryourworriesarebigorsmall,youcantakethesethreestepstodealwit

41、hyourworries:描述，可知本题主要提到了三步应对烦恼的方法。故选B。细节理解题。根据Trytofinditoutfirst;ifyoucan't,youcan'摧askforhelp你不知道自己的烦恼是什么时，不要去请求帮助。故选Ao细节理解题。根据文中列出的几个问题,可知不包括选项D。【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。4.阅读理解Myfamilyhashadagreatinfluenceonme.WhenIwasakid,Ilearnthowtoworkfrommyfamily.Mymumwouldn

42、everletmegetawaywhentherewassomethingtobedone.Ilearnttheimportanceofeducation.Myparentswouldgiveme50dollarsifIgotAsinschool.Theytaughtmehowtouseandsavemoney.Mymumtaughtmehowtocook,howtoclean,andbasicallyeverythingIneededtoknowtoliveonmyown.Mydadtaughtmehowtogarden,howtodohomeimprovement,howtotreatwo

43、menandgirlswithrespect,andhowtoputotherpeople'sneedsabovemyown.Mybrothersandsisterstaughtmehowtomakeadecisioninconflict(矛盾).I'm22now,andI'llgetmarriednextyear.Ilearnthingsfrommyparents'marriagebyexamples.Forexample,I'veneverseenmyparentsreallyfight.Theyhaddisagreements,buttheywer

44、ealwaysincontrolandneverletangergetthebestofthem.Ithinkthat'sgreat,andI'mgoingtoworktowardsthatinmymarriage.Ihaveagreatfamily.I'mgratefulthatmyparentschosetomakeitagreatfamily.(1) Whotaughtthewritertodosomehousework?A.Themother.B.Thefather.C.Thesisters.D.Thebrothers.(2) Whenwillthewriter

45、haveanewfamily?A. Attheageof22.B.Attheageof24.C.Attheageof23.D.Attheageof21.(3)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thewriter'sfamilyinfluencethewriteralot.B. Thewriterlearnstosavemoney.C. Thewriterisagirlinthefamily.D. Thewriter'sparentsneverfightwitheachother.(4) Howwillthewriter'snewfamilyb

46、eaccordingtothepassage?A.Itwillbealargefamily.B.Itwillbeagreatfamily.C.Thefamilymemberswillbedifferent.D.Thefamilymemberswillnevergetangry.【答案】(1)AC(3) C(4) B【解析】【分析】本文介绍了作者的家庭对作者有很大的影响。(1) 推理题。根据Mymumtaughtmehowtocook,howtoclean,andbasicallyeverythingIneededtoknowtoliveonmyown.我妈妈教我如何做饭，如何打扫卫生，以及基本

47、上我需要知道的独立生活所需的一切可知，作者的妈妈教他做家务故选Ao(2)推理题。根据I'm22now,andI'llgetmarriednextyear可知，作者23岁时会有一个新家庭，故选Co(3)推理题。根据Mydadtaughtmehowtogarden,howtodohomeimprovement,howtotreatwomenandgirlswithrespect,我爸爸教我如何园艺，如何改善家庭，如何尊重妇女和女孩可知作者是男孩，作者是家里的一个女孩是错的，故选Co(4)细节题。根据Ihaveagreatfamily.I'mgratefulthatmypar

48、entschosetomakeitagreatfamily.我有一个大家庭。我很感激我的父母选择让它成为一个伟大的家庭可知，作者的新家庭会是一个伟大的家庭故选B。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。5.阅读理解GraceMurraywasbornonDecember9,1906inNewYorkCity.In1928shefinishedhereducationinVassarCollegeinMathsandPhysics.Since1931,shehadbeenteachingatVassarandcontinu

49、edherstudyatYaleUniversity,wheresheachievedalotinMathsin1934.In1930,GraceMurraymarriedVincentFosterHopper.Theywerehappytogetherfor15years.ShetaughtatVassarCollegeuntil1943,whenshejoinedtheUnitedStatesNavy(海军)tohelphercountryduringWorldWarn.ThenshewasgivenajobattheBureauofShipsComputationProjectatHar

50、vardUniversity,wheresheworkedontheMarkseriesofcomputers.In1945,shebegantodoresearchinApplied(应用)PhysicsatHarvard'sComputationLaboratory.In1949shejoinedtheEckert-MauchlyComputerCorporationandworkedwithpeopleworkinginit.Yearslater,shereturnedtotheNavy.Sheretiredin1971butcontinuedteachingforthecomputerdevelopment.BrewsterAcademy,aschoolinWolfeboro,NewHampshire,theUnitedStates,gaveitsc