2013新人教版八年级上册英语知识要点短语句型语法讲解修改版

1、初中英语八年级上册复习要点Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?重点短语：（1）go on vacation/holiday 去度假 take a vacation/holiday 度假（2）stay at home 呆在家（3）go to the mountains 去爬山（4）go to the beach 去沙滩（5）visit museums 参观博物馆（6）go to summer camp 去夏令营 (7) visit my uncle 看望我的叔叔（8）quite a few(+可数名词复数)=quite a lot of 相当多，不少（9）st

2、udy for为而学习（10）go out 出去（11）most of the time 大多数时间（12）taste good 尝起来不错（13）have a good time过得愉快（14）of course 当然 = sure= certainly（15）feel like 给.的感觉，感受到（16）go shopping 去买东西（17）in the past 在过去（18）walk around.四处走走（19）too many(+ 可数名词复数) 太多too much（+不可数名词） 太多much too+ adj. 实在太（12）because of + n./pron./v-

3、ing 因为 because + 句子（14）one bowl of 一碗（16）find out 查明，弄清（18）take photos 照相（19）something important 重要的事情（20）up and down 上上下下（21）come up 上来（22）come down 下来（23）make a difference 有影响，起作用重点句型：（1）Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.（2）Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Every

4、one was on vacation.（3）Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father.（4）How was the food? Everything tasted really good.（5）Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.习惯用法：（1）buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物（2）taste + adj. 尝起来 look + adj 看起来（3）nothing .bu

5、t + V.(原形) not anything =nothing（4）seem + (to be) + adj 看起来（5） arrive in + 大地点 arrive at + 小地点 到达某地reach+ 地点 到达某地get to +地点 到达某地（注：若地点为副词home/there/here则要省掉介词）（6） decide to do sth. 决定做某事= make a decision/resolution to do sth.（7） try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 尽力/努力/设法做某事 try ones best to do sth

6、尽力做某事try过去式：tried, 三单：tries（8）enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself 玩得开心（9）want to do sth. 想去做某事（10）start / begin doing sth. 开始做某事 start / begin to do sth. 开始做某事（11）stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事 stop to do sth 停下来做(另一件)某事（12）dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 dislike to do sth. 不喜欢做某事（13）Why not do sth. 为什么不做.呢？ =

7、Why dont you do sth.（14）so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于（15）tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事（16）keep doing sth. 一直做某事 Keep on doing sth. 坚持/继续做某事（17）forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（remember 记得， 用法一样）（18）wait for sb./ sth. 等待某人或某物语法点：1.seem的用法（1）seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.（2

8、）seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold No one seemed to be bored.（3）It seems / seemed that+ 句子 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believes you. 2. decide to do sth.决定做某事 We decided to go to the beach.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to start.3. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more than

9、My father is over 40 years old. We waited over an hour for the train.4. because of 因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。He cant take a walk because of the rain. We couldnt see anything below because of the bad weather.I didnt buy anything because it was much too expensive.5. eno

10、ugh 用法：enough用在名前形副后（enough用在名词前形容词副词后） 名前: enough money/time My father didnt bring enough money. 形副后: happy enough fast enough 6.下小雨： rain a little 下大雨： rain hard/heavily7. 感叹句：（1）What a/an + adj.+ n. (单数)+主语+谓语! What a kind boy he is! What an interesting book it is.（2）What +adj. +n. (复数或不可数) +主语+谓

11、语!What beautiful girls they are! What great weather it is!(3) How adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语！ How kind he is! How interesting the book is! How fast he ran!8. a few / few / a little / little a few (少数的，几个，一些)a little (一点儿，少量)表示肯定few (很少的，几乎没有的) little (很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词1. people can live to 100,but p

12、eople can live to 150. 2. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk? 9. none / no one none指人或物，强调数量，用how many提问，常与of连用。no one 多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。1、 of the pens are mine . 2、 is in the classroom.语法1.一般过去时1） 一般过去时的含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2）

13、标志时间：yesterday, last night/week/month/year, three days ago等过去时间的词。3） 动词过去式的变化规则：规则动词原形动词过去式一般词尾加-edhelpplayhelpedplayed以不发音的e结尾加-dlivehopelivedhoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplanned结尾是“辅音字母+y”的，先变y为i再加-edcarrystudycarriedstudied4) 句型（1）含实义动词 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它. Tom lived in the US

14、two years ago.否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+其它. Tom didnt live in the US two years ago.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它? Did Tom live in the US two years ago? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 did. Yes, he did. 否定回答：No, 主语 didnt. No, he didnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它? Where did Tom live in the US two years ago?5） 含be动词肯定句：主语+ was/were+其它. He

15、 was a primary school student last year.否定句：主语+wasnt/ werent+ 其它。He wasnt a primary school student last year.一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+ 其它? Was he a primary school student last year?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？What was he last year? 2. 复合不定代词：（1）复合不定代词：something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, anyo

16、ne, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere（2）形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置。something special 某些特别的事情 anyone interesting 任何有趣的人 anywhere warm 任何温暖的地方（3）some 常用于肯定句。 I did something interesting last summer vacation. any 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I didnt do anything special

17、. Did you go anywhere interesting? 当some用在疑问句中，表示希望得到对方的肯定回答。 当any用于肯定句中，表示任何。（4）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everything was excellent. Someone asks me to keep on writing. Unit 2 How often do you exercise?短语：（1）help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事（2）go shopping 去买东西（3）on weekends 在周末（4）how often 多少次（5）hardly ever几乎从不（6）o

18、nce a week 一星期一次（7）twice a month 一个月两次（8）go to the movies 去看电影（9）every day 每天（10）use the Internet =go online上网（11）be freebe not busy=have time 有空（12）have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈和钢琴课（13）swing dance 摇摆舞（14）play tennis 打乒乓球（15）stay up late熬夜到很晚（16）go to sleep 睡觉（17）go to bed上床睡觉（18）at least 至少，不少于，

19、起码 （19）go to bed early 上床睡觉早（20）play sports 做运动（21）be good for 对.有好处（22）be good at doing sth擅长做某事（23）go camping去野营（24）in ones free time 在某人的业余时间里（25）the most popular 最受欢迎的（26）such as 例如.像.这样 （27）go to the dentist看牙科医生（28）more than 多于（29）less than 少于（30）old habits lie hard 旧习难改（31）junk food垃圾食品（32）ta

20、ke care of sb 照料某人（33）look after sb照顾某人（34）have to do sth必须做某事（35）get in 进入（36）be late for =arrive late for迟到（37）eat a healthy breakfast 吃一份健康的早餐语法要点：（1）What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.（2）What do they do on weekends? They often help my mother with housework.（3）What does she do

21、on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.（4）How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month.（5）How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.（6）Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.习惯用法：1. help sb. with sthhave sb do sth 帮助某人做某事2. How/What about doing? .怎么样？/

22、.好不好？3. be healthy for 对是健康的4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少.5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过做某事10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth. 开始做某事12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式13.be

23、 full of=be filled with 装满14.what about doingsth？做某事怎么样？15.not.at all 一点儿也不 16. the answers to .的答案 （the key to 的钥匙）17.keep/be/stay healthy=keep/be in good health 保持健康18.be good for(反：be bad for) 对有利19. be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事20. be good to sb. =be friendly to sb 对某人友好21. be good with sb. 与某人相处得

24、好22. use sth. for fun 使用某物来玩23. 基数词-year-old（16-year-old） 多少岁的(16岁的)24. favorite =likebest 最喜欢25. twice = two times 两次词语辨析：1. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 2. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 ho

25、w come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep

26、强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty per

27、cent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passes.7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.8. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某

28、事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心：Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid to tell my father. Im afraid I have to go now.9. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连

29、用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. sometime 副词，某时。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.如：I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read

30、the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long. 如： I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?10.how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to

31、get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how far 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.how soon, 多快, 用来询问多快 How soon will you finish your work? In two days.语法：频度副词1） 定义：表示频率副词叫做频度副词。2） 常见频度副词always总是，一直，始终100%usually通常80%often常常，经常60%sometimes有时，不时40%h

32、ardly ever几乎不，很少5%never从不0%3） 用法：频度副词在句中位于系动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。对频度副词提问用how often.How often do you exercise? Three times a week.4）次数表达方法：除once, twice(two times),其他都用: 基数词+times, 如： three times, ten times Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister重点短语：（1）more outgoing更外向 (15）want to do sth.想要做某事 （2）the singi

33、ng competition唱歌比赛 (16）be similar to与相像的/类似的 （3）the same as和相同；与一致 （17）be different from与不同（4）care about关心；介意 （18）be like a mirror像一面镜子 （5）the most important最重要的 （19）as long as只要；既然 （6）bring out使显现；使表现出 （20）get better grades取得更好的成绩（7）reach for伸手取 （21）in fact事实上；实际上 （8）make friends交朋友 （22）the other其他

34、的（9）touch ones heart感动某人 （23）be talented in music有音乐天赋（10）be good at擅长 （24）be good with与相处得好（11）have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 （25）a good listener 一个好听众 （12）make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 （26）should do sth. 应该做某事（26）make sb./sth.+ adj. 使某人某物处于某种状态 （27）as +adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样 （28）Its（not）necessary for sb. to do

35、 sth. 对某人来说，做某事是（不）必须的。（29）be talented in 在某方面有天赋语法知识：（1）Is Tom smarter than Sam? No, he isnt. Sam is smarter than Tom.（2）Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isnt. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.（3）Are you as friendly as your sister? No, Im not. Im friendlier.（4）Does Tara work as hard as Tina?

36、 Yes, she does.（5）Whos more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.词语辨析：（1）laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。laugh at 嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。名词：笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his j

37、oke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。（2）though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：在though引导的从句后不使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt, though. (

38、3) for example, like, such as 比如，例如 for example, 后有逗号 like与such as 后接名词,代词,动词ing语法：一、形容词副词比较级最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very, so, too, pretty, really；2）比较级，表示“较”或“更”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than, A or B, of the two, 修饰词much, a lot, little；3）最高级，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较

39、的范围。形容词副词的比较级和最高级的构成1） 规则变化构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和部分双音节词一般词尾加-er或-esthightallshortslowhighertallershorterslowerhighesttallestshortestslowest以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-estfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-estbigthinhotfatbiggerthinnerhotterfatterbiggestthinnesthottestfattest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的

40、双音节词，先把y改为i,再加-er或-esteasyfunnyearlyeasierfunnierearliereasiestfunniestearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或mostbeautifulimportantinterestingcomfortablemore beautifulmore importantmore interestingmore most beautifulmost importantmost interestingmost comfortable2） .不规则变化: 两好多坏一小一远原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestba

41、d/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfatherfarthestfurtherfurthest比较级含义：表示两者（人或事）的比较。比较级结构：含有形容词或副词比较级的主句+than 引导的从句。（当than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。）常见句型1） 含实义动词的比较级句型肯定句：主语+实义动词+副词比较级+than+比较对象。 He runs faster than me.否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+实义动词+副词比较级+than+比较对象. He doesnt ru

42、n faster than me.一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+实义动词+副词比较级+than+比较对象? Does he run faster than you?2) 含be动词的比较级句型肯定句：主语+be+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。 Im more outgoing than my sister.否定句：主语+be not+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。 Im not more outgoing than my sister.一般疑问句：Be+主语+形容词比较级+than+比较对象？Are you more outgoing than you sister?3) as+形

43、容词或副词原级+as 或 not as/ so + 形容词或副词原级+as, 表示“与一样”或“不如” He is as smart as me. He thinks as quickly as his brother. Is your sister as popular as you? Tom isnt as/so tall as Jim. He doesnt run as/so fast as me. 4) 比较级+and+比较级，more and more + 部分双音节或多音节词, 意为：越来越, 表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长。 My father is heavier and heav

44、ier. The girl is more and more beautiful.5) the+比较级， the+比较级，意为：越, 越.，表示一方的程度随另一方的变化而平行变化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.6)Which/Who +be+ 比较级， A or B ? 表示A 和B，哪一个/谁更？Which is better, the blue hat or the red one?Who is more hard-working, Lucy or Lily?7) A+ be+ the + 比较级+of + the two() 表示A是两

45、者之中较的一个。 The apple is the bigger of the two.特别注意：比较级前可用a lot, a little, a bit, much, even 和still等词修饰可说明程度。Im a little smarter than you. He feels even worse than before.She is much more outgoing than me.二、反意疑问句1.概念：表示对所提问的看法没有把握，需要对方证实。即附加疑问句。2.结构：陈述句+简短疑问句。3.肯定回答用Yes, 否定回答用No4. 速记口诀：前肯或否，前否后肯，前be后be

46、，前情态后情态，前无be或情态后加助，时态要一致。 5.注意：当陈述句主语是this, that，these, those时，附加疑问句主语用it或they. There be 结构中，附加疑问句的主语用there.He is fat, isnt he? You can dance, cant you? He went to work, didnt he?They dont work hard, do they? There are lots of books, arent there? This is Tara, isnt it?-Thats Tina, isnt it? -Yes, it

47、is. 或 -No, it isnt.Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?重点短语：（1）movie theater电影院 （2）be close to离近 (反：be far from) （3）clothes store服装店 （4）in town在镇上（5）so far（by now）到目前为止 （6）10 minutes by bus坐公车10分钟的路程（7）talent show才艺表演 （8）have.in common 有相同特征（9）around the world世界各地；全世界 （10）more and more越来越（11）and so

48、on等等 （12）all kinds of各种各样的 （13）be up to是的职责；由决定 （14）not everybody并不是每个人 （15）make up编造（故事、谎言等） （16）in fact 事实上，实际上（17）play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用 （18）no problem 没什么，别客气（19）for example例如 （20）takeseriously认真对待 （21）give sb. sth.= give sth. to sb.给某人某物 （22）come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到（23）Thanks for doing

49、 sth.因做某事而感谢。 （24）look for 寻找（25）much+ adj./adv.的比较级 得多 （26）watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事（27）make sbs dreams come true 使某人的梦想成真（28）one of+可数名词的复数 之一 （29）Can I ask you some?我能问你一些吗？（30）How do you like? （31）What do you think of?你认为怎么样?（32）how much.?多少钱？（33）How far?多远？（34）How many?多少？（35）How long.?多长？习惯用法1. be up to是的职责；由决定，主语常是it, this, that. Its up to you.2. no problems 用来回答答谢时，译为：不用谢，不客气 用来回答道谢时：没关系，没什么 用来愉快的答应别人的请求时：没问题，小事一桩重点句型：Whats the best movie theater to go to? Town Cinema. Its closest to home. And you can buy t