牛津上海版高二英语非谓语动词之二自制超好用学生版

1、高二非谓语动词专题二（本部分主要讲分词，包括现在分词和过去分词，让学生通过例句来总结知识点，适合自主学习性比较强的学员）1.什么是非谓语动词：在英语中，不作句子 ，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的 ，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有 （the Infinitive）； （the Gerund）； （the Present Participle）； （the Past Participle）。NO.1现在分词1. 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。否定式：not + 现在分词（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作 ，完成式表示的动作在谓语动

2、词所表示的动作 发生，常作状语。例如：他们边唱边说向公园走去。做完作业，他开始打篮球。（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词 的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词 的被动的动作。正在被讨论的问题很重要。被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词 ；如果是 做定语放在名词 。在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。（2）现在分词作表语：正在这家上演的电影很棒。当前的形势鼓舞人心。（3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： 等。例如：你能听见她在隔壁唱

3、歌吗？他让小汽车在门口等着。（4）现在分词作状语：作时间状语：在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。作原因状语：由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。作方式状语，表示伴随：他呆在家里，又擦又洗。作条件状语：要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。作结果状语：他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。作目的状语：几天前他去游泳了。作让步状语：虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。与逻辑主语构成独立主格：我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。作独立成分：从外表看，他一定是个演员。 一般说来，女孩子更细心。动名词和现在分词的区别：动名词与现在分词的区别主要是：1. 如果i

4、ng形式在句中作表语，那么它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区别方法是：动名词作定语时， （可以用" "这个结构代替），它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上 ，可以与主语交换位置；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的行为，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上 ，不能与主语交换位置，（可以扩展为 ）。E.g.: a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢 （sleeping此处为 a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子 （sleeping此处为 2. 动名词具有名词的性质： 可以和名词一样有

5、或 等修饰； E.g.: A knocking at the door was heard 可以和名词一样有所有格、复数形式； E.g.: 可以带有所有格已表明动作者。 E.g.: 3. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同，前者的重音在“ ”上（a sleeping suit），而后者的重音在“ ”上（a sleeping child）。4. 动名词用法的特殊情况 No+动名词用于简短的禁令或禁律 E.g.: （是不可能的）= It is impossible to = No one can (or We cannot )E.g.: (谁也不知道永久的和平何时到来) （每次都）=

6、wheneverE.g.: （是不用说的）= It is needless to say thatE.g.: Do+动名词（做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情）动名词之前都有the、所有格或some/a little/ much/ a lot of 之类的形容词。E.g.: Do you do much fishing? （当，一就）=when (or as soon as) +S. + V. （自己的）=-ed by oneselfE.g.: （必定，重视）= make it a point to E.g.: （正要）= be just about to 5. 如果ing形式在句中充当 和 ，那

7、么它一定是现在分词。如果ing形式在句中充当 、 、 ，那么它一定是动名词。现在分词和动名词形式上相同，但语法作用不同。现在分词起 作用，作 、 、 ；而动名词起 作用，作 、 、 。现在分词与动名词作定语的判断(1)v-ing 同它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，不表示名词本身的动作、行为，通常表示被修饰名词的用途时，v-ing为动名词：如： 一个游泳池；     一根拐棍(2) v-ing 同它修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示名词本身的动作、行为时，v-ing 为现在分词。单个现在分词作前置定语，现在分词短语则作后置定语。如： 沙发上坐着

8、的那个男孩是我的一个同学。 一个说话的男孩；现在分词和动名词在复合结构中的判断(1)在“ ”的复合结构中，v-ing 的(逻辑)主语为 或 ，此时为动名词。如： 你介意杰克和你儿子在这里玩吗？ 你介意我在这里抽烟吗？(2)在“ ”的复合结构中，v-ing 的逻辑主语为 或 时，它一般被判断为现在分词。如： 每天早晨我经常能够听到学生们在校园里读英语。 当我下了火车后，我见到他们亲切地握手。v-ing 作表语，是现在分词还是动名词的判断1)在“主语+系动词+ v-ing”结构中，如果表语与主语是处于同等的位置，即 ，v-ing 为动名词。如： 她的工作是看小孩儿。(2)当主语表示 ，v-ing为

9、现在分词。如： 他所说的话很鼓舞人。 . 音乐很令人兴奋。(3)在“主语+系动词(如： ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ，etc)+ v-ing”结构中，v-ing 为现在分词。如：The story sounds moving. 这个故事听起来很动人。NO.2过去分词1. 形式： 动词的过去分词只有一种形式，绝大部分的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些过去分词是不规则的。2. 动词的过去分词的否定形式 动词过去分词否定形式是由 或 加过去分词构成。 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。3. 动词的过去分词的特征动词的过去分词有 的意思，有时也可表示 。动词的

10、过去分词表示完成被动的动作过去分词带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。有人发现其中一个杯子破了。鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。及物动词的过去分词一般表示 的意思要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。 不及物动词的过去分词只表示 的意思，并不带有 的含义 逃犯 （= a prisoner who has escaped） 退休工人 （= a worker who has retired） 新来的客人 （= a guest who has just arrived

11、）我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。人们应该注意到变化了的形势。专题过关1. The repairs cost a lot ,but its money well . A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded3. Linda worked for the

12、 Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, _as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known过去分词的句法功能1. 作表语： 这座城市三面环山。1） 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。 2） 图书馆关门了。3） 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 2. 作定语：作定语的过去分词相当于 或者 ,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语，既 ；不及物动词的过去分词作定语， 。 1）过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词 。 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 2）过去分

13、词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。 他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。3. 作状语：3. 1 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 1） 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 3. 2 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致； 1） 再给我一个小时，我也能解这

14、道题. 2） 从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。 1） 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。2） 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。 3.3 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句. 1） 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 2） 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 3.4 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 4. 作宾语补足语：（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类： 4.1表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如： 等。 1） 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。2） 他发

15、现他的家乡变化很大。4.2表示“致使”意义的动词。如： , , , , 等。 1） 明天我要理发。 2） 他昨天把牙拔了。 3） 要把那些事情做完。 4.3表示思维活动的动词如 ， ， 等后。如： 1） 我认为这件事解决了。 2） 我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。 4.4表示爱憎,意愿的动词如 ， ， ， 等后。如： 1） 我要预定两张机票。 2） 他不愿这事被提起。 （二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 1过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 他的钱给偷了2 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如： 他的腿断了。专题过关1. As we joined the big crow

16、d, I got _from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed2. I dont know the restaurant，but it is _ to be quite a good one.A. saidB. toldC. spoken D. talked 3. The young man seems to be _in law A. interesting B. interested C. interest D.being interested4. Have you read the news in today's n

17、ewspaper？This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 5. -Shall we go swimming ? -OK. Ill just go and get _.A. changed B. to change C. to be changed D. Changing6._ into use in April 2019, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdow

18、ns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put7._ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed8. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losi

19、ng9. When _help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry you达标检测一、单选1. _ by the beauty of nature, the gi

20、rl from London decides to spend another two days on the farm.A. AttractingB. Having attractedC. To be attracted D. Attracted2. They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. fix B. to fix C. to be fixed D. fixed3. You will see this product _ wherever you go. A. t

21、o be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising4._the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. Our self-respect increased when _by others. A. feeling accepted B. accepted C. we feel accepted

22、 D. accepting6. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing7. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 8. She f

23、elt rather _that she should drive the car at such a_ speed. A. frightening, frightening B. frightened, frightened C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening9. Cleaning women in big cities get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay10. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?A. to

24、be held B. having been held C. held D. being held11. Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on 12. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write13. Th

25、e rooms are _, so you cant move in.A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted14. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost 15. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; di

26、sappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by 16. The murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behinds his back . A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied17. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having rec

27、eived D. Having not received18. _ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving19. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having l

28、ost C. Lost D. To lose20. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparingC. Comparing D. When compared2、 语法填空1. The students, _ (surprise)at the way the questions were put, didn't know the answers to them. 2.Prices of daily goods _(buy

29、) through a computer can be lower than store prices. 3. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _ _ (considere) insufficiently popular with all members. 4._(separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country

30、in the world. 5. Dont spend time beating on a wall, _(hope) to change it into a door.6.Dont let the sadness of your past and the fear of your future _( ruin) the happiness of your present. 7. Always remember to get every bit of criticism _ ( sandwich) between two thick layers of praise. 8.To avoid _

31、 (lay) off, you should be prepared to state how your contributions will benefit the company. 9. The latest research _ (undertake) shows that micro blog is the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens. 10._ (set) our life goals will guide us to a bright future, without which we may

32、waste our lifetime. 11. The government will come up with more volunteer projects just _ ( promote) the volunteer industry. 12. _ (make) several important decisions based on emotion instead of reason, he felt bitterly regretted. 非谓语动词易错题集锦：1.Most students cant understand the sentence, so it wants _on

33、ce more.A being explained B explaining C to explain D explained2.He told us whether_ a picnic was still under discussion.A to have B having C have D had3. After his journey from abroad, Richard returned home,_.A exhausting B exhausted C being exhausted D having exhausted4.Every day I spare as much a

34、s I can _my baby company.A keep B to keep C kept D keeping5.He called the police for help, _that the problem was more than he could deal with.A having realized B to realize C realized D realizing6.walking downhill may benefit people too fat or weak _normal exercise.A starting B not starting C to sta

35、rt D not to start7.we are aware that , _, the situation will get worse.A if not dealing with carefully B if dealt with carefully with C if not carefully dealt with D if not carefully dealing with8. I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. follow C. to follow D. being followe

36、d9 .Attention should be paid to _ the jewelry shop _.A prevent , being robbed B preventing , being robbed C prevent, to be robbed D preventing, to be robbed 10. _ into a first-rate university was what her parents wished for.A The girls admitting B The girl was admittedC The girl to admit D The girls

37、 being admitted11. Im examining the composition he has just finished _ the possible mistakes in it.A to correct B correct C corrected D correcting12._ for a long time, but he tried his best to make up for what he missed.A Being abroad acting in the new filmB Having been abroad acting in the new film

38、C He was abroad acting in the new filmD To be abroad acting in the new film13 There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose from C to chose D for choosing14 The students entered the classroom, smiling and _ , and _down to have their lessons.A. talked; sat B. talkin

39、g; sitting C. talking; sat D. talked; sitting15 As my car was under repair, I decided to buy a motorbike_.A to go to work on B to go to work C to go to work by D for going to work16 She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor's office.A. put B

40、. to put C. putting D. having put17 The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station.A. to build B. building C. build D. built18 How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last.A. to have come B. to has come C. to having come D. has

41、 come19 _the road round to the right and youll find his house.A Followed B Following C To follow D Follow20 _with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task in time. A. Face B. Faced C. Facing D. To face21 The person _in the chair, _ up all the time, is my father. A. seated; looking B. seating;

42、 looked C. seated; looked D. seating; looking22 I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _good. A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds23 You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking24 Which do you enjoy _your weekend, fishing or watching TV? A. spending B. to spend C. spend D. in spending25 The last one_ pays the meals.AgreedA. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving语法新题型强化题：语法填空