牛津上海版高二英语非谓语动词之一自制超好用学生版

1、高二非谓语动词专题一（本部分主要讲不定式和动名词，让学生通过例句来总结知识点，适合自主学习性比较强的学员）1.什么是非谓语动词：在英语中，不作句子 ，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的 ，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有 （the Infinitive）； （the Gerund）； （the Present Participle）； （the Past Participle）。NO.1动词不定式动词不定式：（to）+do，具有 、 、 的特征。1. 不定式的形式：2不定式的句法功能: 不定式在句子中充当 、 、 、 、 、（一）不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用 ，其位置有以下两种：

2、(1) 把不定式置于句首。 骑自行车到那会花费我们两个小时。(2) 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。 It做形式主语 常出现在以下四种句式中：句型一： 这样的形容词有 等。如：It is difficult for him finish homework by himself。 句型二： 这样的形容词有 等。如：Its clever of him to leave that company.句型三： 表示“ ”。如：It takes me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting. 句

3、型四：It is十名词+to do sth. 也是一种常见的用法。如：（二）不定式作宾语 (1) 通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词： 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心坚。(2) 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即： 如:(3) 介词but, except, besides +to do(do) 在这种句型中，如介词前 ，后面应接 ；如 ，则 ，即前 , 如： (4) “ ”常常用作动词或介词的宾语。I don't know where to spend my holiday.

4、 （三）不定式作表语 放在 后，解释 ，形成表语。例如： （四）不定式作定语 (1) 在 后面常跟不定式做定语，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一一个做.的人”。例如：The secretary is usually the first to come to the meeting and the last to leave.(2) 表示抽象概念的名词后面接不定式做定语，对其进行解释说明：如 等。例如：竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛，但也使他们的精神始终处于紧张状态。His ability to read people' minds makes him special.(3) 出现在 句型中，表

5、示“有.事情要做”。例如： 我有许多事要做。 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。判定不定式的主语： Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗？ Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗？ (4) 名词+to do+介词或者副词，则须保留介词、副词：（五）不定式作状语 (1) 做目的状语： (只能放在句中，否定式： ); in order to（可以放在句中，也可以放在句首） 相当于 引导的目的状语从句，表示“为了.”。例如：=He st

6、udies hard in order to go to college.(2) 做结果状语：相当于 引导的结果状语从句，常见句型：否定： 肯定： 表示意料之外，事与愿违情绪： 例如： 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 注意： 。例如：（六）不定式作宾语补足语 (1) 常要求不定式作宾补的动词有： 等。如： Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2) 部分动词后常接to be形容词、名词短语等形式，有时to be可省略，如： 等。 We

7、all believe John (to be) honest. I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. (3) 感官动词(五看： 两听： 一感： 和使役动词( )后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。 I didn't hear anyone say anything about it. They make the students do too much homework every day. (4) 部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如： You may depend on

8、 them to be there early. 常这样用的短语动词有： 等。(5) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。常用的动词有： 等例如： We didn't expect there to be so many people there. You wouldnt want there to be another war. 3不定式的几点说明（一）不定式的独立结构 高中阶段还有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可以称它们为插入语。 说老实话 坦率地说 首先 简言之 长话短说 精确地说 姑且不说 总而言之 诚然，固然 未完待续 使事情更糟糕的是（二）介词to 和不

9、定式to(1) 必背：常见的带不定式符号to的短语 应该做某事 决心要做某事 未能做某事 全力以赴做某事 有胆量做某事 决定做某事 不辞辛苦地做某事 有思想准备做某事(2) 必背：常见的带介词to的短语 习惯 胜任 反对 献身于 着手做 引起 导致 盼望 反对 注意 与有关 坚持（三）不定式符号“to”的有无(1) 最好 宁愿 想做(2) why, why not引导问句不带to,句型为： ?例：Why spend so much money on such a coat? (3) 连接词引导省略主语的陈述句时要加to, 句型为： 例：I really dont know what to do

10、 now. (4) 情景对话中，省略不定式时，to常要留下。例： Do you want to watch the match? Id like to, but Im not free now. 二、典型例题精讲1. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _ society for real-life experience. A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored2. As Jack left his membership card at home, he was

11、n't allowed into the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. Gone3.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face. A. losingB. to be losing C. to be lostD. having lost4. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students&#

12、39; bathrooms.A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce5. David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 三、专题过关1. He is said to _ _ to his country because a new president comes into power.A. be allowed to

13、return B. allow to returnC. allow returning D. be allowed returning2. He spoke in such a high voice _ _at the further end of the room.A. as to be heard B. to be heard C. as to hear D. to hear3. - Do you work in the lab every afternoon?- No, but sometimes, I wish I_ _ .A. had time to B. had time to d

14、o C. have time to D. have time4. Could you tell me the way youve thought of_ _?A. to do it B. doing it C. do it D. has to do it5. Whom would you rather _ _ the work?A. to have to do B. to have do C. have to do D. have do6. Smith appears _ _a long time. He is impatient for my arrival. A. to wait B. t

15、o be waiting C. to have waited D. to have been waiting7. He is said_ _ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. to have been badly treated B. treating badly C. being badly treated D. to be treated badly8. - Why was he fined? - He happened to _ _ several flowers in the park. A. be

16、seen pick B. be seen picking C. be caught to pick D. catch picking9. For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only _ _ to come again the next day. A. telling B. to be told C. told D. being told10. - Why so serious, dear? - Nothing. Im just thinking about the problem _ _ tomorrow. A. discus

17、sed B. will be discussed C. to be discussed D. being discussedNO.2动名词1.动名词的形式：动名词既具有 的一些特征，又具有 的句法功能。动名词的形式： 语 态 式主动语态被动语态一般式完成式否定式： 2. 动名词句法功能：动名词在句子中充当 （一）动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用 ，其位置有以下两种： (1) 把动名词置于句首。如： (2) 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句后，常用于下列句式中：It is fun doing shopping in small markets.注意：important, ne

18、cessary, essential, impossible等形容词后只能用不定式。注意2：1） 2） （二）动名词作宾语 句型一：动词+动名词充当宾语在一些动词后只可以用动名词做宾语而不可以用不定式做宾语例如： Nowadays, many people are considering going abroad for further study.句型二： 例：I found it useless arguing about it.Do you consider it worth buying a house in the country?句型三：主动形式表被动意义： 等词后面，通常接动名词

19、的主动形式来表达被动意义：如：1) The grass needs cutting = 2) Many nurses were worth praising because they did a good job in the Asian tsunami 3) Many nurses deserved praising(to be praised) because they did a good job in the Asian tsunami句型四：作介词的宾语，放在类似于 等的词组后作宾语。1）We are thinking of making a new plan for the nex

20、t term.2）Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?3） 4） 句型五： ，“做某事没有好处、用处、意义”There is no good (in) doing so much homework every day without thinking if it is worthwhile.句型六：作形容词的宾语，通常用在be worth doing, be busy doing的句型中：（三）动名词作表语 例：My favourite sport is swimming。（四）动名词作定语 动名做定语置于 ，说明所修饰词的 以

21、及 ，具有 。例：a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping（五）作同位语 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。NO.3不定式和动名词的区别一). 从含义上，不定式： 动名词： 例如： 注意：平衡原则： 二). 作主语时：动名词： 不定式： 三). 接不定式和动名词作宾语含义不同的词组典型例题1. Young people m

22、ay risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone2. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of 3.Its no use _ without taking action. A. complain B.

23、complaining C. being complainedD. to be complained4. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding5. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.（2009年） A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. ho

24、ld 专题过关1. While shopping, people sometimes can't help _ _ into buying something they don't really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 2. Tony was very unhappy for_ _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not

25、having been invited 3. He came to the party without_ _, which made all of us surprised. A. inviting B. being inviting C. having been invited D. being invited4. What worried the child most was _ _ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allow

26、ed D. having not been allowed 5. _ _in extra-curricular activities gives students many priceless lifelong skills that will be valuable to them forever. A. Being involved B. Involving C. To involve D. Involve6. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ _ when we talked on the phone.A. to pro

27、mote B. having been promotedC. having promoted D. to be promoted7. All the staff in our company are considering _ _ to the city centre for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone8. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use_ _with him. A. to argue

28、B. arguing C. argued D. having argued9. I cant stand_ _ with Jane in the same office, as she is always talking, which distracts my attention.A. working B. work C. worked D. being worked10. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A.

29、living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived一、 能力培养1. President Obama claimed that the rise of China could be a big threat and the world needs_.(reshape) 2. Although parents seem _(give) good advice to their sons and daughters, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when i

30、t comes to dealing with lifes difficulties.3. Doctors warn people that _ (control) anger through unnatural methods is much more harmful to a persons health than the anger itself. 4. Children with bad grades can always think of brilliant ways to escape _. (punish)5. Owing to the adequate preparations

31、, the research team did not have much trouble _ (locate) the wrecked ship. 6._ (expose) to radiation in the laboratory too often caused Marie Curie's death. 7. The “magical apple”, which we wish not to be the last one _ (fascinate) us, has inspired the imagination and passion of millions of peop

32、le. 8. Mr Wang made up his mind to devote all he could_ (improve) his oral English before going abroad.9. The flu is believed _(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 10. People are not allowed to enter the garden to prevent the flowers . A. being des

33、troyed B. destroying C. destroy D. to destroy二、能力检测1. A red light is a warning to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need _ . A. make B. to make C. to be made D. made2. By _ classes, the college students are wasting their parents money and failing to treas

34、ure the opportunity to acquire knowledge. A. being avoided B. to avoid C. avoiding D. avoided3. My son is very shy, but can you imagine _ at the English party in the presence of all his classmates and teachers? A. him to singB. him singingC. him singD. his to sing4. _ global temperature rising, the

35、UN Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun, Mexico last year. A. Prevented B. Preventing C. Having prevented D. To prevent5. It has been proved that _ vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. A. eat B. to be eating C. eaten D. eating6. _ all night in s

36、uch cold weather caused her to suffer from a high fever and terrible cough. A. Bettys workingB. Betty to workC. Betty workedD. Betty working7. I have tried everything I can _ him to stay, but without success, so I wish him good luck. A. persuade B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade8.Your

37、job is to make my work easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to makeC. not to makingD. not making9.Are you worried about _ by groups of unfamiliar people from foreign countries? A. surrounding B. to surroundingC. being surroundedD. to be surrounded10.Many factors contribute to_, but the mo

38、st destructive is the role that humans have played. A. animals to dieB. dying animalsC. animals died outD. animals dying out11. You can never imagine what great trouble I have _ this marble in my house. A. found               B. for finding      

39、60;   C. finding  D. to find12. The first black president of the United States of America, Barack Obama, won the election in the end, but it remains, of course, _ whether he can overcome the present difficulties. A. to see B. seen C. seeingD. to be seen13. You should allow two weeks for yo

40、ur visa application . A. to process B. to be processed C. processed D. to be processing14. David apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not ableB. him not to be able C. his not being ableD. him to he not able15. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the

41、 spread of disease is for people _ their hands with soap and water. A. to washB. washedC. washingD. being washed16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the clouds around me. A. enjoy             B.

42、enjoying          C. enjoyed       D. to enjoy17.The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed _ for it pretty well. A. to prepare           &

43、#160;                            B. to have prepared C. having prepared              

44、                D. to be preparing18.It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped _ in a traffic accident. A. being killed B. killing C. to be killed D. to kill19. Studies show that daydreaming contributes significantly to con

45、centration powers and the ability with others. A. communicating B. to be communicated C. to communicate D. to communicating20. While staying home is a tradition at the Spring Festival, a trip with family members can also be a nice alternative. A. to take B. taking C. took D. taken21. The General Bur

46、eau has put a severe ban on TV series scenes of smoking cigarettes. A. to show B. shown C. showing D. to be showing22. The plan _ by 2019 will expand the citys telephone network to cover as many users as possible. A. accomplishedB. being accomplishedC. to be accomplishedD. having been accomplished23. With more and more tourists invading, lots of