选修7第二单元补充知识点

1、选修7第二单元补充知识点1embarrass v She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go她感到很尴尬，叫他赶快走开。 Are you trying to embarrass me?你是不是想让我难堪?I felt embarrassed atby his comments about my clothes 他对我的衣服说长道短让我很难堪。 She felt embarrassed atby her being late她因迟到而焦虑不安。 embarrass用作动词，主要有三个义项：使窘迫；使难堪；使焦虑不安。 embarrassment

2、是其名词形式。有两个义项：困窘，难堪；让人难堪的人或事。 embarrassing是形容词，“令人难堪的；让人不安的”。 embarrassed也是形容词，“感到难堪的；不安的”。2.envy v. What a sweet victory to be envied by those woman 一场多令那些妇女嫉妒的甜蜜胜利啊! I envy your success=I envy you your success 我羡慕你的成功， n. His new car excited their envy他的新车激起了他们的嫉妒。 She is the envy of the whole stre

3、et. 她是整条街上人们羡慕的偶像。 envy既可作名词又可作动词。作动词时固定搭配；+名词；+复合宾语。 envy作名词主要有两个义项：羡慕，嫉妒；令人羡慕的对象。 envious是其形容词，固定搭配形式：be envious of。3. divorce n Soon after his divorce in 1873，Asimov married again 在他1973年离婚后不久，Asimov再婚了。 v.They are divorcing each other 他们正闹离婚。 She divorced her husband two years ago. 她两年前同丈夫离婚了。 W

4、e shouldn't divorce theory from practice 我们不应该把理论与实践分开。 divorce既可作名词又可作动词。作动词主要有两个义项：离婚；使离婚。 常见短语有：ask for a divorce；get divorced；divorcefrom4 certain (1) 作前置定语，意为“某个，某些” (2) 意为“确定的，有把握的” 用法相当于sure 一般可互换。但在It is certain that 句型中只能用certain be sure of sth Im sure of the victory. sure be sure to do

5、 sth We are sure to win the match. be sure that Im sure that he can come on time.5 experiment (1) n“试验，实验”常用词组：make /perform /carry out/ conduct an experiment进行试验/实验 (2) vi experiment with 测试，尝试 6 absent (1)缺席的，不在场的 (+from) be absent from school/ a meeting / work 不上学/不到会/缺勤 Three members of the clas

6、s were absent this morning. He is absent on business. 他因事缺席。He is absent from Hong Kong.他不在香港。 (2) 不在意的，漫不经心的,心不在焉的 an absent expression / look 茫然的表情/样子 an absent look on his face He looked at me in an absent way.他茫然地望着我。He had an absent look on his face.他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。absence (n) absence of mind心不在焉的

7、 in ones absence =in the absence of sb 在背地里，在某人不在时 （3）缺少的,不存在的Snow is absent in his country. 他的国家不下雪。（4）vt. 不在；缺席 Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? 昨天你为何不到校？absent 的反义词是present出席的,在场的 How many people were present at the meeting? 到会的有多少人?7 persuade 说服（成功地说服了某人做某事）如果表示说而不服用try to pers

8、uade sb to do sth 或advise sb to do sth 常见用法persuade sb to do sth persuade sb into doing sth persuade sb that-clause persuade sb out of doing sth(1.) 说服,劝服(+into/out of)/ (+sb to do sth.) She persuaded me into buying it.她说服我买下了它。The salesman persuaded us to buy his product.那个推销员说服了我们买他的产品。He persuade

9、d her to go/into going with him . I persuaded him out of smoking . I advised him to do it but he wouldnt.= I tried to persuade him to do it but he wouldnt.(2). 使某人相信 (+of) / (+that) How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢?We worked hard to persuade them that we were genuinely intereste

10、d in the project.我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。 8 elegant 高雅的，优雅的 an elegant woman 高雅的女士 elegant manners优美的举止 an elegant piece of furniture 反义词：inelegant elegance (n) elegantly (adv) 9 reach for 伸手触到，抓到He reached for his gun . I reached across the table for the jam.伸手到桌子那端去拿 reach out ( to sb/sth ) 帮忙 We

11、 must reach out to those in need. beyond /out of reach 手不可及，够不到 within reach 伸手可及 10 strike (struck, struck/ stricken) (1) 打，击，敲，常表示用力打，可以是一次或多次 Strike while the iron is hot.(2)触（礁），撞 His head struck the table as he fell. (1)发起进攻/袭击；（灾难，疾病）侵袭 Our troops struck the enemy camp at dawn. This area was s

12、truck by an outbreak of SARS.(2)擦（火柴） I struck a match and held it to his cigarette .(3)(钟)敲响 I left immediately the clock struck twelve. The clock has just struck six. (4)(某种想法)突然出现，忽然想到A good idea struck the scientist. It struck me that we ought to make a new plan(5)给（人）某种印象或感觉，打动，感动某人 How does th

13、e plan strike you? I was deeply struck by her beauty. (6)(n，v ) 罢工,斗争 be on strike The workers are on strike . They are striking for higher pay. beat 指海浪，棍棒等连续不断地击打,也指心脏跳动 Waves beat the shore. I feel my heart beating fast.hit 打，击中（指仅击一次）强调击中；另有“袭击，遭受” 之意。 be hit by natural disasters hit +sb + on th

14、e back/head 打某人的背/头 in the face /chest 打某人的脸/胸膛11 ring sb/some place up =call sb/some place 给打电话 Ring up the airport and find out when the plane leaves. 打电话的表示方法：(1) ring sb up (2) call sb up (3) telephone sb (4) phone sb (5) give sb a phone call (6) give sb a ri 12 As she turned around ,there stood

15、 Gladys Claffern. there stood 此句为存在结构，常用于这种结构的动词有stand, seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, live, come, enter, lie 等 There happened to be nobody in the room. There used to be a cinema here. There is sure to be a restaurant there. There remained just twenty pounds.There happened to be a war be

16、tween her heart and her mind.Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There are likely to be more difficulties than you were prepared for. 13 test out 试验，测试，检查 They tested out the new sports car. 他们测试了那部新车。14. It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire. 这项试验将由拉里的妻子克莱尔来尝试。

17、1) 本句是一个过去将来一般时的被动语态。过去将来一般时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，如：He said that the bridge would be built next year. 他说这座桥明年将建成。This book was going to be lent to the assistant of the professor. 这本书将要借给教授的助手。15. It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human. 机器人如此有人情味，使得她烦恼而且害怕。1) it 是形式主语，that引导的句子是这

18、个句子的主语，即that 从句是一个主语从句，有时候that可以省略。It'sclear(that)hehasdonehisbest. 很明显他已经尽力而为了。 Itwasstrangethathehadmadeamistake. 真奇怪，他竟然错了。 有时为了强调that从句的内容，也可以将从句放在句首，这时that不可以省略。 Thatweneedmorefoodisquiteobvious. 我们需要更多的食物，这是很明显的。 但是疑问句中，只能用先行词it结构。Was it disturbing and frightening that he looked so human?2

19、) human 有形容词和名词的词性，在本句中用作形容词词性，作连系动词look的表语。 人的；人类的They were researching the ancient human affairs. 他们在研究与古人类有关的事。 To err is human. 人皆有过。 有人性的；通人情的His cruelty suggests that he is less than human. 他的残忍表示他没有人性。He seems quite human when you know him. 如果你了解他,你就会觉得他是很有人情味的。 用作名词，表示“人”，human作名词时等于human be

20、ing，在将人与动物、神仙、鬼等比较时常用human。如：Are robots as clever as humans？机器人跟人一样聪明吗？That was the beginning of the lift of us humans那就是我们人类生活的开始。We are all human beings. 我们都是人。 human, humane都表示具有或者显出人类特质的。而human 指属于人类的感情，包括缺点； humane 主要指人类对动物及孤苦零丁的人怜悯/ 同情的情绪或行为。 16. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered

21、sympathy by a robot.克莱尔觉得机器人向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。1) 本句中的it是宾语从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。2) ridiculous 形容词词性，表示“可笑的，滑稽的，荒谬的” ridiculous，absurd均含“不合情理、荒唐、可笑的”意思。ridiculous 意为“荒谬的、令人发笑的”, 常会有“鄙视”之意, 如:How ridiculous! 真滑稽! (含“岂有此理”意味)absurd 强调“不符合人情或常识的”, 如:It's clear to everybody that the creation of the world b

22、y God is absurd. 人人都清楚, 上帝创造世界的说法是荒谬的。17. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.她刚一转身，就看到格拉蒂斯·克拉芬站在那里。克莱尔想，被格拉蒂斯发现了，这多么难为情啊。1）as作连词，"当的时候",引导时间状语从句。表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。只用as, 而不用when或while。如:I thought of it just as you opened

23、 your mouth. Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.2）turn around(=turn round)表示“转过去, 转身” Now please turn round. 现在请转过身来。17. But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt you cannot have women falling in love with machines. 但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还是得作一番改造总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。1

24、）even though和even if的意义和用法相同，只是even if较为常用。引导让步状语从句时，该从句往往是表述可能性不大或假设的事情，可译为“尽管，即使，纵然”等，可用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。如：Nothing could have saved him even if he has been tended without delay即使当时他得到及时的救护，他的生命也无法挽救。Even if you cant finish it，others many go on即使你做不完，别人也可以接着做。18. Asimov had both an extraordinary imag

25、ination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有着惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。test out sth.=put sth. to the test对新试做的物品或新产生的理论进行“试用”或“检验考验”，检验其试用的程度或有效性，以便加以改进。Scientists test out theories by experiment. 科学家靠实验检验理论。2. Claire didnt want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but