过去分词作状语_导学案

1、Unit3 Life in the future（导学案）Grammar学习内容：过去分词作状语学习目标：掌握过去分词作状语的用法，并灵活运用学习重点：过去分词作状语的几种情况学习难点：过去分词与现在分词及不定式作状语的区别过去分词短语作状语， 其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，与主语关系是动宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词作状语时的具体用法：1过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句 。例如：Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.当他被问问题的时候 ,他低下了头。2过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句 。例

2、如：Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. 因为害怕老虎 , 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。3过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句 。例如：Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better

3、.如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。4过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句 。例如：Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.虽然 John 被单独留在房间里 , 他一点都不害怕。5 过去分词作状语表示 伴随动作或状态 。例如：The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。1. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词做状语与过去分词做状

4、语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。a.现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。b.过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对

5、这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。2. 动词不定式和分词作状语的区别a.分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。 (目的 )b.分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条

6、件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。 (原因 )Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 (时间 )Reading carefully，you'll learn something new只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。 (条件 )His family was too poor to support him

7、他的家庭太穷， 不能维持他的生活。 (结果 ) The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。 (结果 )We are glad to hear the news我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因 )高考练习：()1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. ( 90全国 )A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given.()2. The computer center, _ last year, is very

8、popular among the students inthis school(93 全国 )A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened()3. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(94 全国 )A. having written B. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written()4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the c

9、ar in front ofhim.(96 全国 )A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose)5. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (01 全国夏 )A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered()6. The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.(02 全国 )

10、A. beginsB. having begun D. beginningD. begun()7. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the UnitedStates.(00上海 )A. Being foundedB. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding()8. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year(02. 上海春 )A. completedB. completingC. being compl

11、eted D. to be completed()9. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.(02 京皖春 )A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying()10. Dontuse words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. (02 上海 )A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD

12、. known()11. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at theconference.(03上 海春 )A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having invited()12. Friendship is like money: easier made than _(03. 北京 )A. keptB. to be keptC. keepingD. having kept()13. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel(

13、03. 北京春 )A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring()14. _ time, he makell a first-class tennis player.(03 北京 )A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given()15._into use inApril2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water andheating supply breakdowns.(20XX年上海卷 )A. Put

14、 B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put阅读理解：What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, red? If you do, you must be an optimist(乐观者 ), a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer grays(灰色 )and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rath

15、er follow than lead. If you love green, you are strong-minded and determined(意志坚定的 ). You wish to succeed and want other people to see you are successful. At least this is what psychologists(心理学家 )tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference

16、(爱好 ), and the effect(影响 )that colors have on human beings. They tell us that we don't choose our favorite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful(开心的 )and

17、 more comfortable(舒服的 )than a dark green one, and a red dress rings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing(压抑 ). Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. It is a fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer acc

18、idents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or dark gray.Remember, then, that if you feel low, you can always brighten your day or your life with a new shirt or a few colorful things. Remember also that you will know your friends and your enemies better when you find out what col

19、ors they like and dislike. And don't forget that anyone can guess a lot about your character when you choose a piece of handkerchief.1. According to this passage, _.A. one can choose his color preferenceB. one is born with his color preferenceC. one's color preference is changeableD. one has

20、 to choose his favorite color as soon as he can see clearly2. We would pay attention to colors because _.A. colors do have effect on our moods(情绪 )B. colors may have effect on our work and studyC. light and bright colors make people happyD. you can know your friends better by the colors they like or

21、 dislike3. The main idea of this passage is _.A. one's color preference shows one's characterB. you can brighten your life with wonderful colorsC. psychologists have been studying the meaning of color preferenceD. one's color preference has something to do with his character and colors h

22、ave effects on human beings4. The writer believes that in realizing the four modernizations of country, we need more people who love _.A. yellowB. redC. greenD. black5. "I am feeling black" means _.A. I am feeling well B. I am very happy C. I am excited D. I am depressed 改错：Choose what to

23、eat is no longer as easy as it once was. Our eating habits1.have changed , as have our way of life. And the fuel we need for our2.body is also different. Tradition diets often have too much fat and too3.stmuch calories for the 21-century person. If we want to keep up with the 4.high pace of modern l

24、ife, we had better to learn to make theright choices 5.about what and how we eat. Because we have so much to choose, panies offer advice about what we shouldeat. It s good if we spend7. our time and money in buying food and keep a balanced diet. Instead of eating8. expensive diet or going o

25、n unhealthy diets, we can simply try to eat little 9. sugar and take more exercise. I hope that everyone keeps a good health10.考一考答案： 1-5 ADDC A6-10DCAB D11-15AAADA阅读： BADCD改错：1. Choose 改为 Choosing 。动名词作主语2. have 改为 has 。倒装句中助动词取决于后面的主语3.Tradition 改为 Traditional4.much 改为 many 。 calories 是 calorie （卡

26、路里）的复数5.better 后面的 to 去掉。 had better do sth 最好做某事6.choose 后面加 from7.正确8.keep 改为 keeping 。keeping 和前面的 buying 构成介词 in 的宾语9.little 改为 less 。 less 和后面的 more 构成对应关系10.a 去掉 。 health 是不可数，keep good health 保持身体健康过去分词在英语学习中是较难掌握的语法知识， 同时又是高考中的热点之一。 过去分词兼有动词 ?副词和形容词的特征。 过去分词作状语时， 表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间 ?原因 ?条件

27、 ?让步 ?方式 ?伴随状语等。掌握过去分词作状语可从以下几个方面考虑。一?理清过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系1) 过去分词作状语时， 过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系， 有时也表示动作已完成。 例如：Seen in the dark night， lights on top of tall buildings look likestars in the sky.(seen表示被动，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)Scolded by the teacher， the girl began to cry.被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。(scolded 表示被动且动作已完成 )【考

28、例 1】 _ into use in April 2000， the hotline was meant forresidents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.(20XX年上海卷 )A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put【解析】选 A。主句主语 the hotline与 put intouse 逻辑上是被动关系，排除 B?C； D 项表示正在进行的被动与句子意思不符。所以用过去分词put 短语作状语。2) 有些过去分词已经形成了系表结构，因此他们作状语时与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主

29、动关系，但仍然用过去分词形式。例如：Lost in thought， she nearly ran into a tree.陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。(lost 意为“迷失的”，与逻辑主语连接起来相当于 Because she was lost, ，作原因状语 ) 与 lost 类似的过去分词还有 disappointed ， dressed ， determined ， devoted ， tired ， exhausted ， prepared ， seated ， caught 等。【考例 2】Afterhis journeyfrom abroad ， RichardJones retu

30、rnedhome，_.A. exhausted B. exhaustingC. being exhausted D. having exhausted【解析】选 A。exhausted 意为“筋疲力尽的”，由过去分词演变成形容词作伴随状语。二?注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的前 ?后或中间，但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开。The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground ， surrounded by a group of students.那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。( 过去分词作伴随状

31、语 )【考例 1】 _ by the beauty of nature ， the girlfrom London decidedto spend another two days on the farm. (20XX年辽宁卷 )A. Attracting B. AttractedC. To be attracted D. Having attracted【解析】选 B。句子的主语 the girl 与 attract 是动宾关系或说是被动关系，所以要用过去分词短语作状语。三?掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间?原因 ?条件 ?方式 ?伴随

32、?让步等。所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once， when， while ， if，as if ， even if ， though ， unless 等连词，我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和系动词 be。例如：Once published，this book will be popular with the students.=Onceit is published，this book will be popular with the students.这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。( 过去分词作时间状语。注：分词前once可省略 )【考例 1】_ w

33、ith the size of the whole earth， the biggest oceandoes not seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparedC. Comparing D. When comparing【解析】选 B。主句中的 the biggest ocean与 compare 形成逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词。【考例 2】No matter how frequently_， the works of Beethoven stillattract people all over the world. (2006广东卷 )A.

34、 performed B. performingC. to be performed D. being performed【解析】选 A。动词 perform 与句子的主语the works是动宾关系，故要选过去分词 performed ，实际上相当于让步状语从句No matter how they arefrequently performed， , 。四?独立主格结构如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，主格的逻辑主语。这就叫作独立主格结构。例如：The town seen from the hill， we can see it这时必须在过去分词前加上more clearly.=If

35、the townis seen from the hill， we can see it more clearly.如果从山上看这座城市，我们能看得更清楚。Everything taken into consideration， the party was a success.将所有的事情考虑在内，晚会算是成功的。(taken 的逻辑主语不是the party， 所以添加其真正的主语【考例 1】 He sat silently， _.A. eyes are closed B. his eyes closingC. eyes closed D. eyes to closeeverything)【

36、解析】选 C。眼睛闭着表示伴随状态，如果只用过去分词closed ，则前后逻辑主语不一致，所以在其前面加上eyes 作逻辑主语， eyes closed还可用介词 with 引导， eyes closed=with his eyes closed。1. Though _ of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice. A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned2. _ from this point of view ， the question will be of great importance

37、. A. Considering B. ConsideredC. Being considered D. Consider3. _ and _， they ran out of the room.A. Being excited； happily B. Exciting ； happyC. Exciting ； happily D. Excited； happy4. _ deep down in the earth， the dead forests rotted away and became coal. A. Buried B. BuryingC. To bury D. Being buried5. If _ green， the door might look more beautiful.A. paint B