高考英语时态和语态

1、动词动词谓语动词谓语动词时态、语态时态、语态虚拟语气虚拟语气非谓语动非谓语动词词不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词的分类动词的分类 语态语态时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v. /v.sam /is /are + done一般过去时一般过去时V+edwas / were + done一般将来时一般将来时will + v.will be + done过去将来时过去将来时would + v.would be + done过去完成时过去完成时had + donehad been + done现在完成时现在完成时have /has + donehave /

2、has been + done将来完成时将来完成时will have + donewill have been + done现在进行时现在进行时am /is / are + doingam /is /are + being + done过去进行时过去进行时was /were + doing was /were + being + done最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every , sometimes,on Sundays 现在进行现在进行now现在完成现在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, yet, till

3、/until, up to now, in the past years, recently 一般过去一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, at eight yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来一般将来

4、next, tomorrow, in 过去将来过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作动作 1) 1)经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D. play2.-_my glasses ? -Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Ha

5、d you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 2)2)客观真理，科学事实或格言警句客观真理，科学事实或格言警句 Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and sugar. A .is serving B. serves C. is served D. ser

6、ved 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 3 3）按时刻表将要发生的事。句中有时有将来的时间状语，）按时刻表将要发生的事。句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。主语通常是车，船，飞机等但不用将来时。主语通常是车，船，飞机等 The train leaves at three this afternoon. 4 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。在时代替一般将来时。 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. -Put these glasses a

7、way before they _. -OK. Ill put them in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken Ive brought my tennis things along in case we _ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have-Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green? -You can when

8、you _ a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 1 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态1.-Look! Someone has spilt coffee on the carpet. -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughte

9、r. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。I wrote a letter this morning.

10、今天上午我今天上午我写了写了一封信。（信已写完）一封信。（信已写完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我今天上午我在写在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）完） 1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet? -I have no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did2.As she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep. A . read, w

11、as falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown4.-Im sorry , I shouldnt have been so rude to you. -You _ your temper but thats OK. A. have lo

12、st B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing. 一般将来时一般将来时1 .1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。注定要发生的事情。2 .2 .表示将来时的几种形式表示将来时的几种形式 will /shall + will /shall +动词原形动词原形 be going to do be going to do be about to do( be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么) ) be to do be to do be going to be going to 有很强

13、的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。然性。 1） -The telephone is ringing. -I _ answer it.will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to 2） -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going t

14、o 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.3. 3. be to be to 和和 be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。 be to do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to=be going to be to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示

15、而做某事. . be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思： 就在这就在这时，是并列连词时，是并列连词be

16、 about to do when. I was about to leave when it rained. 注意注意（1 1）一般现在时一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。时刻表中安排好的。 The plane leaves tomorrow.The plane leaves tomorrow.（2 2）某些瞬间动词）某些瞬间动词 go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take take 等用等用现

17、在进行时现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。表示将要发生的动作。 Ive won a holiday for two to Florid. I _my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been 现在进行时现在进行时 1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不，但说话时不一定正在进行一定正在进行。I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretar

18、y comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change -Ann works very hard. -In fact. I think she_ now. A.studied B.is studying C.studies D. will stud Please call again. Jim _ a bath now. A.

19、 has had B. was having C. is having D. has My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before Ive none in hand.A.has run out B. is running out C.has been run out D.is being run out I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing

20、 D. were wearing特殊用法： 现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。 Were moving to the new building next week. 现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 You are always forgetting the important things. 1.You _things about . Look, what a mess in

21、 you room!A. always throw B. have always thrown C. are always throwing D. have always been thrown2.You _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching3 3有些词不用于进行时态：表示有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所存在、所有、知觉、认应付，感情有、知觉、认应付，感

22、情”等状态等状态存在：存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of 所有：所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold 知觉：知觉： sound， look /seem /appear ， smell, taste, feel , see , hear 认识：认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think情感：情感：like, love, hate , prefer 过去进行时 1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时

23、间正进行的动作 。通常有时。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。 1.-Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing C.I havent noticing D.I wasnt noticing 2.-Hey ,what did I say? -I _. A.Im not listening B.I was not listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listen2 2

24、表示表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。-Why werent you at the meeting? -I _ for a long distance call from my father in Australia. A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been Good heavens ! There you are ! We _ anxious about you . We _ you back much earlier all

25、 through the night.A. are , expect B. were, had expected C. will be ,are expecting D. have been ,were expecting3.在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the t

26、ime.has worked B. was working A. C. had been working D. had workedPractice Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think its smart. A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont make D. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly a