四川大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

1、四川大学2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part Listening Comprehension (10%)(略)Part Vocabulary and Structures (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, there are ten incomplete sentences. Beneath each of the sentences you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and DChoose the one word or phrase that completes

2、best the sentence, and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.16The concept of a loyal oppositionthe _ of modern democracyrarely prevails and, much more frequently, opposition is equated with treason and ruthlessly suppressed.Aloop Bessence Cequivalent Dvelocity17Timmer is known as a touch manager

3、 who demands _ results.Acredible Bundeniable Cdynamic Dtangible18He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a_ of Henry Kissinger.Acasualty Bcriteria Cdissection Dnecessity19Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and

4、get a firsthand look at the _ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.Alegacy Bbequest Cconverse Dmiracle20In the search for solution to seemingly overwhelming problems, it became increasingly _to include radical, even revolutionary ideas.Astable Babsolute Cimmortal Dplausible21Researchers at Ch

5、ildrens Hospital of Pittsburgh announced they had discovered _evidence that a virus is involved in what used to be called juvenile diabetes.Aincessant Bcompelling Cidentical Dproblematic22Stephen Schneider, a climatologist at Stanford, notes that unlike greenhouse gases, which _ rapidly around the g

6、lobe, the sulfate droplets tend to concentrate over industrialized regions.Aunify Bfragment Cdisperse Dshatter23Now the juries, and ultimately the society they speak for, have to find some way to express _ at the brutality that women and children face every day.Aaggression Bextenuation Coutrage Dsup

7、pression24It was a type of urban story that continues to _ big-city dwellers forward each day, a tale of hard work and self-starting initiative, of taking matters into ones own hands to make dreams come true.Apropel Bpenetrate Cbaffle Dharness25The primordial fireball would have been a dense roiling

8、 stew of radiation and elementary particles condensing out of the _ energy, annihilating each other, recondensing, then colliding and disappearing all over again.Acolossal Baudacious Cambient DautonomousSection BDirections: In this section, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases marked A

9、, B, C and DIdentify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct, and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.26The lecturer made too a long speech, so every listener felt tired of him, and some even went out of the lecture hall without getting the

10、 permission from the speaker.A B C D27It is raining hard outside. Havent you taken an umbrella with you?A B C D28If he was to come here this afternoon, I should ask him to go to the party held by student union.A B C D29He did not like abstract painting at all, so the more he looked at the drawings e

11、xhibited in the art gallery, the little he liked them.A B C D30He is a well-known hardworking and clever student, and he often gets top scores in his class; so all his classmates are sure that he studies very hardly.A B C D31He looked a little bit nervous, that could be seen from his facial expressi

12、on.A B C D32Although the wages for all the members of the working staff increase regularly, so their expenses do; for the prices for everything are increasing dramatically at the same time.A B C D33Sound waves travel in the air in much the same way like water waves spread on the water.A B C D34Like

13、any other constant repeated action, speaking has to be learned, but once it is learned, it becomes a generally unconscious and apparently automatic process.A B C D35More and more old people whose grown - up children pay little attention to them gathered together and organize interesting activities f

14、or themselves.A B C DPart Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions: In this section, you will read five passages. Each one is followed by several questions. You are to choose the one best answer to each question, and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 3640 are based on the follow

15、ing passage.Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we kno

16、w, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies run to public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. They do th

17、is issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institution, both at home and overseas. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Ins

18、tead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country coul

19、d not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance

20、major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come fro

21、m the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.36Almost all companies involved in new production and development must _.Arely on their own financial resourcesBpersuade the banks to provide long-term financeCbo

22、rrow large sums of money from friends and people we knowDdepend on the population as a whole for finance37The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is _.Arepaid to its original owners as soon as possibleBraised by the selling of shares in the companiesCexchanged for par

23、t ownership in The Stock ExchangeDinvested in different companies on The Stock Exchange38When the savers want their money back they _.Aask another company to obtain their money for themBlook for other people to borrow money fromCput their shares in the company back on the marketDtransfer their money

24、 to a more successful company39All the essential services on which we depend are _.Arun by the Government or our local authoritiesBin constant need of financial supportCfinanced wholly by rates and taxesDunable to provide for the needs of the population40The stock exchange makes it possible for the

25、Government, local authorities and nationalized industries _.Ato borrow as much money as they wishBto make certain everybody saves moneyCto raise money to finance new developmentsDto make certain everybody lends money to themPassage TwoQuestions 4145 are based on the following passage:The year 1400 o

26、pened with more peacefulness than usual in England. Only a few months before, Richard , weak, wicked, and treacherous had been deposed, and Henry declared king in his stead. But it was only a seeming peacefulness, lasting for but a little while; for though King Henry proved himself a just and a merc

27、iful manas justice and mercy went with the men of iron of those daysand though he did not care to shed blood needlessly, there were many noble families who had been benefited by King Richard during his reign, and who had lost some of their power and prestige from the coming of the new king.Among the

28、se were a number of great lords who had been degraded from their former titles and estates, from which degradation King Richard had lifted them. They planned to fall upon King Henry and his followers and to massacre them during a great tournament which was being held at Oxford. And they might have s

29、ucceeded had not one of their own members betrayed them.But Henry did not appear on the lists; whereupon, knowing that he had been lodging at Windsor with only a few attendants, the conspirators marched there against him. In the meantime, the king had been warned of the plot, so that instead of find

30、ing him in the royal castle, they discovered through their scouts that he had hurried to London, and that he was marching against them as the head of a considerable army. So nothing was left but flight. One and another, they were all caught and some killed. Those few who found friends faithful and b

31、old enough to afford them shelter dragged those friends down in their own ruin.41What does the author seem to think of King Henry?AHe was the best king England had ever had.BHe was unfair and cowardly.CHe was just as evil as King Richard.DHe was a better ruler than King Richard.42How did King Henry

32、find out about the plot?AHis scouts discovered it. BHe saw the conspirators coming.COne of the conspirators told him. DHe found a copy of the conspirators plan.43How did the conspirators find out that Henry was in London?AThey saw him leave Windsor. BHenrys attendants told them.CThey saw him at the

33、tournament. DTheir scouts told them.44Why did the nobles wish to kill Henry?AHenry had taken away power given to them by Richard.BHenry was weak, wicked, and treacherous.CHenry had needlessly killed members of their families.DHenry had killed King Richard.45It can be inferred that Richard s reign wa

34、s _.Apeaceful Bcorrupt Cdemocratic DillegalPassage ThreeQuestions 4650 are based on the following passage.The ballad and the folk song have long been recognized as important keys to the thoughts and feelings of a people, but the dime novel though sought by the collector and referred to in a general

35、way by the social historian, is dismissed with a smile of amusement by almost everyone else. Neither folk songs nor dime novels were actually created by the plain people of America. But in their devotion to these modes of expression, the people made them their own. The dime novel, interested as it w

36、as for the great masses and designed to fill the pockets of both author and publisher, quite naturally sought the lowest common denominator: themes that were found to be popular and attitudes that met with the most general approval became stereotyped. Moreover, the dime novel, reflecting a much wide

37、r range of attitudes and ideas than the ballad and the folk song, is the nearest thing we have had in this country to a true “proletarian” literature, that is, a literature written for the great masses of people and actually read by them.Although a study of our dime novels alone cannot enable anyone

38、 to determine what are the essential characteristics of the American tradition, it can contribute materially to that end. Sooner or later, the industrious researchers who have minded so many obscure lodes of American literary expression will almost certainly turn their attention to these novels and

39、all their kind. Let no one think, however, that the salmon-covered paperbacks once so eagerly devoured by soldiers, lumberjacks trainmen, hired girl, and adolescent boys now make exciting or agreeable even for the historian, much as the social and historical implications may interest him. As for the

40、 crowds today who get their sensational thrills from the movies and the tabloids, I fear that they would find these hair-raisers of an earlier age deadly dull.46The principal intention of the author of a dime novel was to _.Aexplore a segment of American societyBpromote the American political philos

41、ophyCraise the level of intelligence of the great masses of peopleDmake money47The “lowest common denominator” refers to _.Athe poorer classesBthemes and attitudes that would be accepted by the greatest number of peopleCattitudes accepted by the American intellectualsDthe character of the authors of

42、 the dime novel48“Proletarian” literature is _.Awritten for and read by the great masses of peopleBdistinguished by its devotion to pornographyCdistinguished by its elegant styleDwritten for, but not actually read by, most people49The author believes that a study of our dime novels _.Ais a waste of

43、timeBwould be sufficient in itself to determine the essential characteristics of the American traditionCwould be a valuable contribution in determining the essential characteristics of the American traditionDwould be amusing but unimportant50Which of the followings implied in the passage?AThe attitu

44、des of the masses of people are best expressed by sociology texts.BThe nearest thing we have had to a proletarian literature is the dime novel.CThe study of the formal literature alone will not enable the historian to understand the attitudes and interests of the common people.DBecause the themes in

45、 the dime novels were not good, they could no longer be legally distributed.Passage FourQuestions 5155 are based on the following passage.There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often ins

46、ufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who relate how Achiiles and many others of those ancient princes were given Chiron the centaur to be bro

47、ught up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that one without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, an

48、d the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bin

49、d himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this percept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wishes to show colorable excuse for the unfulfilm

50、ent of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and also how many times peace has been broken, and how man promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be

51、able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves be to deceived.51The writer does not believe that _.Athe truth makes men free Bpeople

52、can protect themselvesCprinces are human Dleaders have to be consistent52“Prince” in the passage designates _.Aanyone in power Belected officials Caristocrats Dsons of kings53The lion represents those who are _.Atoo trusting Breliant on forceCstrong and powerful Dlacking in intelligence54The fox, in

53、 the passage, is _.Aadmired for his trickery Bno match for the lionCpitied for his wiles Dconsidered worthless55The writer suggests that a successful leader must _.Abe prudent and faithful Bcheat and lieChave principle to guide his actions Dfollow the truthPassage FiveQuestions 5660 are based on the

54、 following passage.These is a new type of advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it doesnt offer anyone job, and sometimes it appears “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for

55、a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high le