土木工程外文翻译

1、 #大学 毕业设计（论文）外文翻译题 目 混凝土结构加固设计 学 院 专 业 班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 2014 年 2 月 28 日Concrete structure reinforcement design Abstract：structure in the long-term natural environment and under the use environment's function, its function is weaken inevitably gradually, our structural engineering's duty

2、 not just must finish the building earlier period the project work, but must be able the science appraisal structure damage objective law and the degree, and adopts the effective method guarantee structure the security use, that the structure reinforcement will become an important work. What may for

3、esee will be the 21st century, the human building also by the concrete structure, the steel structure, the bricking-up structure and so on primarily, the present stage I will think us in the structure reinforcement this aspect research should also take this as the main breakthrough direction. Key wo

4、rd： Concrete structure reinforcement bricking-up structure reinforcement steel structure reinforcement 1 Concrete structure reinforcement Concrete structure's reinforcement divides into the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, when the design may act according to the actual

5、condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method and the necessary technology. 1.1 the direct reinforcement's general method1）Enlarges the section reinforcement law Adds the concretes cast-in-place level in the reinforced concrete member in bending compression zone, may incr

6、ease the section effective height, the expansion cross sectional area, thus enhances the component right section anti-curved, the oblique section anti-cuts ability and the section rigidity, plays the reinforcement reinforcement the role.In the suitable muscle scope, the concretes change curved the c

7、omponent right section supporting capacity increase along with the area of reinforcement and the intensity enhance. In the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation, increases the main reinforcement area to be possible to propose the plateau component right secti

8、on anti-curved supporting capacity effectively. Is pulled in the section the area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase the component section, through new Canada partial and original component joint work, but enhances the component supporting capacity effectively, improvement normal o

9、perational performance. Enlarges the section reinforcement law construction craft simply, compatible, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in Liang, the board, the column, the wall and the general structure concretes reinforcement; But scene construction's wet o

10、perating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction. 2) Replacement concretes reinforcement lawThis law's merit with enlarges the method of sections to be close, and after reinforcing, does not affect building

11、's clearance, but similar existence construction wet operating time long shortcoming; Is suitable somewhat low or has concretes carrier's and so on serious defect Liang, column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement. 3) the caking outsourcing section reinforcement lawOutsi

12、de the Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the steel plate is reinforced component's outside, outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforces reinforced concrete Liang to use the wet outsourcing law generally, namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on

13、 methods with to reinforce the section the construction commission to cake a whole, after the reinforcement component, because is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enhancement, therefore right section supporting capacity and section rigidity large scale enhancement.Th

14、is law also said that the wet outside Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement law, the stress is reliable, the construction is simple, the scene work load is small, but is big with the steel quantity, and uses in above not suitably 600C in the non-protection's situation the high temperature place; Is

15、 suitable does not allow in the use obviously to increase the original component section size, but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforcement. 4) Sticks the steel reinforcement lawOutside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinfo

16、rcement is (right section is pulled in the component supporting capacity insufficient sector area, right section compression zone or oblique section) the superficial glue steel plate, like this may enhance is reinforced component's supporting capacity, and constructs conveniently. This law const

17、ruction is fast, the scene not wet work or only has the plastering and so on few wet works, to produces is small with the life influence, and after reinforcing, is not remarkable to the original structure outward appearance and the original clearance affects, but the reinforcement effect is decided

18、to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level; Is suitable in the withstanding static function, and is in the normal humidity environment to bend or the tension member reinforcement.5) Glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement lawOutside pastes the textile fiber reinforcement i

19、s pastes with the cementing material the fibre reinforcement compound materials in is reinforced the component to pull the region, causes it with to reinforce the section joint work, achieves sharpens the component bearing capacity the goal. Besides has glues the steel plate similar merit, but also

20、has anticorrosive muddy, bears moistly, does not increase the self-weight of structure nearly, durably, the maintenance cost low status merit, but needs special fire protection processing, is suitable in each kind of stress nature concrete structure component and the general construction. This law&#

21、39;s good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. 6) Reeling law This

22、law's good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. 7) Fang bolt an

23、chor law This law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the C20C60 concretes load-bearing member transformation, the reinforcement; It is not suitable for already the above structure which and the light quality structure makes decent seriously. 1.2 The indirect reinforcement's general m

24、ethod1) Pre-stressed reinforcement law(1)Thepre-stressed horizontal tension bar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load the combined action, in the tension bar has the axial tension, this strength eccentric transmits on the component through th

25、e pole end anchor (, when tension bar and Liang board bottom surface close fitting, tension bar can look for tune together with component, this fashion has partial pressures to transmit directly for component bottom surface), has the eccentric compression function in the component, this function has

26、 overcome the bending moment which outside the part the load produces, reduced outside the load effect, thus sharpened component's anti-curved ability. At the same time, because the tension bar passes to component's pressure function, the component crack development can alleviate, the contro

27、l, the oblique section anti-to cut the supporting capacity also along with it enhancement. As a result of the horizontal lifting stem's function, the original component's section stress characteristic by received bends turned the eccentric compression, therefore, after the reinforcement, com

28、ponent's supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under the condition the original component's supporting capacity 。(2) After the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed to support the type tension bar reinforcement decides, forms one by to reinforce the component an

29、d under supports the compound ultra statically determinate structure system which the type tension bar is composed, under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action, in the tension bar has the axial force and through (next supports and pole end anchor spot) with component's combining

30、site transmits for is reinforced the component, has counter-balanced outside the part the load, changed the original component section endogenic force characteristic, thus sharpened component's bearing capacity. This law can reduce is reinforced component's stress level, not only causes the

31、reinforcement effect to be good, moreover can also the great scope enhance the structure overall supporting capacity, but after reinforcing, has certain influence to the original structure outward appearance; Is suitable as well as is under the high stress, the high strained condition concretes comp

32、onent's reinforcement in the great span or the heavy structure reinforcement, but in the non-protection's situation, cannot use in the temperature above 600C in the environment, is also not suitable uses in the concrete shrinkage continuous variation big structure. 2)Increases the supporting

33、 reinforcement lawThe addition pivot reinforcement law is through the reduced member in bending effective span, achieves the reduced function, in is reinforced on the component to carry the effect, raises the structure load bearing level the goal. This law simple reliable, but easy to harm building&

34、#39;s original condition and the use function, possibly and reduces uses the space; Is suitable in the concrete term permission concrete structure reinforcement. 1.3 Has generally with the concrete structure reinforcement transformation necessary use's technology 1) The request trades the techno

35、logy It is the joist (either truss) opens the column (or wall), the joist terminal and the joist trades technologies and so on column to call generally; Belongs to one kind of comprehensive technology, by the related structure reinforcement, the superstructure goes against rises with to reposition a

36、s well as abandons technologies and so on component demolition to be composed; Is suitable in had building's reinforcement transformation; Compares with the traditional practices, has the construction time to be short, the expense low, affects and so on merits slightly to the life and the produc

37、tion, but is high to the specification, must complete by the skilled worker, can ensure the security. 2）Plants the muscle technology It is one item is simple and direct to the concrete structure, the effective connection and the anchor technology; May implant the ordinary steel bar, may also implant

38、 the bolt type anchor muscle; Has widely applied in had building's reinforcement improvement project, for example: In the construction leaks buries the steel bar or the steel bar deviation designs the position the recovery, the component increases the section reinforcement to make up the muscle,

39、 the superstructure expands cross, goes against rises to Liang, column's lengthening by joining, the house superimposed layer terminal and the high-rise construction addition shearing force wall plants the muscle and so on. 3）Crack patching technology According to the concretes crack's cause

40、, the character and the size, use seal differently protect the method to carry on patching, one kind of skill which causes the structure because to crack reduces the use function which and the durability can restore; Is suitable in had in the building each kind of crack processing, but to the stress

41、 crack, besides patching, still should use the corresponding reinforcement measure. The internal patching law is with the forcing pump the cementing material pressure concretes crack, renders the young or up and coming generation to sew up the function, and makes the original structure through its c

42、ementation to restore the integrity, this method is suitable for the crack opening is big, and durable and so on is influential to the structure integrity and the security, or has request and so on waterproof anti-seepage crack patching. 4）Carbonized concretes repair technology It is refers to throu

43、gh restores the concretes the alkalinity (inactivation) or increases its impedance to enable the steel bar corrosion which the carbonization creates to obtain the containment technology.5）Concretes surface treatment technology It is refers to uses cleaning up concretes surface stains, the oil mark,

44、the residual as well as the other attachment and so on chemistry method, mechanical method, sand blasting method, vacuum cleaning method, injection method skill. 6）Coagulation mantle of soil seal technologyIt is refers to uses flexible methods and so on aquaseal backfill, polymer grouting, paint fil

45、m to carry on the waterproofing to the concretes, moisture-proof and against crack processing technology. Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. 7）Other technologies Like the structure, the component shift the technology,

46、 the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. 2 Bricking-up structure Bricking-up structure reinforcement method: The bricking-up structure's reinforcement divides into when the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, the design, may act according to the actual

47、 condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method. 2.1 suitable for the bricking-up structure direct reinforcement method1) outside reinforced concrete superimposed layer reinforcement lawThis law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit is the co

48、nstruction craft simple, compatible, after the bricking-up reinforcement, the supporting capacity has enhances greatly, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in the column, the belt wall wall reinforcement; Its shortcoming is the scene construction wet operating time

49、 is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction. 2) outside reinforced concrete mortar superimposed layer reinforcement law This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit and outside the

50、reinforced concrete the superimposed layer reinforcement law is close, but enhances the supporting capacity to be inferior to the former; Is suitable in the bricking-up wall reinforcement, sometimes also uses in outside the reinforced concrete when the superimposed layer reinforcement belt engaged c

51、olumn wall the both sides put on the wall stirrup the seal.3) the addition holds the engaged column reinforcement law This law belongs enlarges the section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit the superimposed layer reinforcement law is also close with the reinforced concrete outside, but the su

52、pporting capacity enhances limitedly, and difficult to satisfy the earthquake resistance request, generally only in peneseismic country application. 2.2 suitable for the bricking-up structure indirect reinforcement method 1）non-caking outsourcing section reinforcement lawThis law belongs to the trad

53、itional reinforcement method, its merit is the construction is simple, the scene work load and the wet work are few, the stress is more reliable; Is suitable in does not allow to increase the original component section size, actually requests to enhance the section supporting capacity large scale th

54、e bricking-up column's reinforcement; Its shortcoming is high for the reinforcement expense, and must use the similar steel structure the protective measure. 2) pre-stressed stay rod reinforcement law This law can the great scope sharpen the bricking-up column's bearing capacity, and the rei

55、nforcement effect is reliable; Is suitable processes the high stress, the high strained condition bricking-up structure reinforcement in the reinforcement; Its shortcoming cannot use in the temperature in the 600C above environment. 2.3 bricking-up structure constructivity reinforcement and patching

56、1) addition grid reinforcement When the grid establishment does not meet the present design code requirement, either the vertical cross wall interface point nips rubs has the obvious flaw, when either the house integrity is bad, should additionally build the grid to carry on the reinforcement 2)addi

57、tionally builds the Liang pad reinforcement When under the summer beam the brick setting the wall presents by under the partial squash or the summer beam the partial vertical split, should additionally build Liang the pad to carry on the reinforcement. 3)the bricking-up opens partially builds When h

58、ouse partial breakage but after investigating thoroughly its breakage reason when not yet affects load-bearing and the security, may burst the wall partial demolition, and according to enhances the mortar strength first-level to fill in with the full sized brick builds. 4)bricking-up crack patching

59、Before carrying on crack patching, should act according to bricking-up component's stressful condition and crack factors and so on characteristic, determined that creates the bricking-up crack the reason, with the aim of carrying on crack patching target-oriented or using the corresponding reinforcement measure