船舶管路系统简介

1、Pipe Design and ProductionShip Piping SystemsMarine Piping SystemsBilge SystemBilge SystemBilge System Basic requirement is to provide effective drainage to all dry spaces and at the same time prevent water from entering the spaces through this system. Discharge of oily water from machinery spaces i

2、s to comply with MARPOL Annex 1 Oily water is treated in an oily-water separator before being allowed to be discharged. Discharge water must be monitored with purity not to exceed ppm set by MARPOL.Bilge SystemBilge main diameter, dm25)(68. 1DBLdmL = length of shipB = Breadth D = Depth 25)(15. 2DBld

3、bBranch bilge main diameter, dbl = length of compartment(mm)(mm)Bilge SystemBilge pump capacity, Q321075. 5mdQ Two bilge pumps are required Suctions are arranged such that water can be pumped out when ship is inclined 5 Arrangement must be such that water cannot pass from sea or ballast system into

4、dry spaces through the bilge system(m3/h)Oily-water SeparatorBallast SystemBallast SystemBallast System For safe operation, at least two ballast pumps are to be connected to ballast tanks. Stripping eductor can also be used for emptying the bilges in cargo holds with 2 non-return valves between hold

5、 and system Ship side valve material must not of grey cast iron and to direct mechanical manual operateAir and Sounding SystemsPurposes目的 to secure ventilation of tanks, cofferdam and tunnels to prevent over-pressurizing and vacuum (air pipes)确保舱、围堰、管道通风，避免形成过压或真空（空气管） to ascertain the level of liqu

6、id in tanks, cofferdam and tunnels (Sounding pipes)确定舱、围堰、管道液位（测深管） Vent pipes need to prevent flooding of spaces through their upper ends通风管顶部末端要有 Vent pipes need to safely prevent flammable liquids or vapours due to their fire hazards Air and Sounding SystemsMachinery Spaces Heavy fuel oil overflo

7、w tank has short self-closing type sounding pipe HFO overflow tank air pipe is led to open deck as required. Lubricating oil sump tank air pipe may end inside machinery space but away from ignition sourcesAir and Sounding SystemsMachinery Spaces Air or overflow pipes internal are are normally requir

8、ed to be 1.25 times the area of respective filling pipes for a tank. Velocity in the air pipe is not to exceed 4 m/s when using one pump for one tank.Air and Sounding SystemsAir and Sounding SystemsFire-Fighting SystemsFire-fighting SystemFire-Fighting SystemsThree groups: Fire Main Seawater as fire

9、 extinguishing medium At least two fire pumps and are located in two different compartments An international shore connection is provided at port and starboard for external water supply System is tested with at least streams of water directed from one fire pump. Pressure relief valve is fitted to ma

10、ins to protect sudden over-pressure.Fire-Fighting SystemsThree groups: Carbon Dioxide system Dry fire protection Used in compartments that have potential for fire: engine room, emergency generator room, paint locker and galley hood System is equipped with audio and visual alarm to alert personnel to

11、 evacuate Prior to CO2 release, ventilation fans and fire damper to be shut.Fire-Fighting SystemsThree groups: Sprinkle system Wet fire protection mainly for accommodation area System is filled with fresh water and pressurized by compressed air Subsequently, water is supplied from fire main Sprinkle

12、 and fire main systems are separated by an alarm check valve. When the pressure in the sprinkle drops below the fire main fire pressure, the fire main pressure will overcome the internal pressure of the valve lift and automatically push open to accommodate the fire main. Fuel Oil SystemsMain concern

13、s Fire hazards Flash point Insulation Remote control of fuel oil valves Stopping of pumps Collection of drains from leaks Materials Fuel oil pipes and their valves and fittings is required to be of steel or other fire-resistance materialsFO Storage and TransferFO Storage and TransferFO Storage and T

14、ransferImportant concerns Overflow pipes Quick-closing valves Drain to waste oil tanks (spill trays) Level gauge with heat-resistant glass for sounding Remote control of fuel oil valves Insulation of hot surfaces where fuel oil leaks (possibly in a spray form) is possible HFO Settling TankHFO Servic

15、e TankQuick-closing ValvesFO Supply to Engine FO SystemFO Supply to EngineMain components Storage (bunkers) Transfer pump Settling tank Heater Purifier Service tank Filter Viscosity controller Return Tank (10 to 15 minutes engine operation)HFO Duplex FilterHFO Transfer PumpHFO HeaterHFO SeparatorHFO

16、 Separation System Diesel Fuel Separation System Diesel Fuel Separation System Lubricating Oil Storage and TransferLubricating Oil Storage and TransferMain components Filling from deck to tanks Main LO storage tank to deliver to ME sump tank Quick-closing valves operable from outside ER where valves

17、 are below top of tanks (not applicable for small tanks below 0.5 m3) Air pipes may terminate inside ER provided their openings do not constitute a fire hazard Duplex filters (or self-cleaning) are used without interrupting operationsLubricating Oil Circulation SystemLubricating Oil Service TankLubr

18、icating Oil PumpLubricating Oil Filter Self-cleaningLubricating Oil Filter Self-cleaningLubricating Oil System - Thermostatic ValveShell-and-Tube LO CoolerLubricating Oil Purifier Lubricating Oil Purifier Seawater Cooling SystemSeawater Cooling SystemArrangement Conventional and Central cooling High

19、 and low sea chests Suctions are arranged from two sea inlets preferably on the opposite sides of the ships Filters can be cleaned without interrupting the water supply in the system. Temperature controlled three-way valves to re-circulate water when the water is coldSeawater Cooling SystemOverboard

20、 DischargeFreshwater Cooling System Freshwater Cooling SystemFreshwater Cooling SystemArrangement Freshwater from engine is delivered to freshwater generator (evaporator) Pressure in the system is regulated by he expansion tank Temperature-controlled three-way valves to allow re-circulation High-tem

21、perature circuit (jacket cooler), low-temperature circuit (lubricating oil)Freshwater Generator (Evaporator)Freshwater Cooler (Plate-type)Jacket Water Pump Freshwater Header Tank Compressed Air System Compressed Air System Normally three systems Starting air Service air Control air Require two main

22、compressors to charge two air receivers from atmospheric within one hour Capacity of receivers sufficient to produce: 12 starts for reversible engines 6 starts for non-reversible engines 3 starts for auxiliary enginesCompressed Air System No connections to other machinery between air compressors and

23、 main air receivers Emergency air compressor can be diesel driven or power supplied from emergency generator Pressure reduction stations and filters are required to be duplicates Safety relief valves are fitted at receivers and set at 10% above operating pressure Compressed air line is classes as Cl

24、ass II due to high pressure.Air Compressors Air Receivers Auxiliary Air Receiver Emergency Air Receiver Control Air Dryer (Refrigerant-type) Pressure-reducing Station Domestic Water System Domestic Water SystemDomestic Water System Freshwater is made by Freshwater generator (evaporator) Delivery of water to accommodation from hydrophore units is by compressed air Domestic water is sterilized before consumption Domestic water is heated and then circulated (by hot-water circulating pumps) Domestic water is also used