山东蒙阴2014年中考英语二轮专题复习学案：名词1

1、山东省蒙阴县2014年中考英语二轮专题复习学案：名词语法项目名词的分类一、考点梳理1.名次分类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和

2、抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。2.名词的数名词复数的规则变化：一般情况力口-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾力口-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾力口-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/z/baby-babies名词复数特殊形式1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母结尾的名词变复数时，直接加工变复效.例如工twoMarystheHenrysmonkey-monkeyshotday*-holidays2

3、）以。结尾的名词，变复数时二a,加Si如：photo-photospiano-pianosradioradioszoo-zoos；b,加es,如，potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc.上述a和七两种方法均可，如工时口-班口£/加小.3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时工a,加热如；beilief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf-gulfs；b去frfe加vesi如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves；1.3名词

4、复数c上述a和h两种方法均可，如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchievesn的不规则变化1）child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意：Englishman,twoEnglishmeno但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑

5、、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanesetheSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词

6、，如：a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news为不可数名词。c. theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers,clothe

7、s等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。1.4 不可数名词量的表示a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可数）Weneedvarioussteels.（可数

8、）c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice一则建议。1.5 .定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1）用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment夕卜语系2）man,woman,ge

9、ntleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：goodstrain（货车）armsproduce武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划1.6不同国籍人的单复数1）中、日、葡萄牙单复数同形。如：Chinesef

10、Chinese中国人JapanesefJapanese日本人PortuguesefPortuguese葡萄牙人2）英法将man变为men.如：EnglishanfEnglishmen英国人FrenchmanfFrenchmen法国人3）其他一般加-s.如：AustralianfAustralians澳大利亚人AmericanfAmericans美国人RussianfRussians俄罗斯人GermanfGermans德国人CanadianfCansdiansIndianfIndians度人3.名词所有格英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式

11、称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher'sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：名词所有格：1.'s所有格的构成和用法2.of所有格的构成和用法3.双重所有格：1）.of+名词所有格2）.of+名词性物主代词注意:1）表示有生命的人或物的名词，所有格一般在名词后加飞表示无生命的事物的名词，通常采用口f+名词结构来表示所有关系口但表示时间、距离国家等无生命的名词所有格也可以加's构成，in：todayshumewoik今天的家庭作业twohour'snde两个小时的车程2.）表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词有时可以省略，如：atthedoc

12、tors在诊所gotothebarber去理发店4名词的语法作用：1）作主语2）作表语3）作宾语4）作实补5）作定语注意*1）名祠作定语时，一般用单数形式，iDipapa-ligers纸老虎schoolgates学校的门口但woman和man在句中作定语修饰名词时，它（门的单复数要与后面的单复数保持一致，如womenteachers女老师；menworicers男员工,Sport作定谙,一般用复数形式，加：sportsshoes运动鞋；sportsmeeting运动会2）.夏合名词“数次+名词J形容词了结构作定于是，中间的名词需要用单数形式.如工a100-meterrace百米赛跑an8-ye

13、ar-oldboy一个8岁的男孩a5-poundnote张5英镑的延币a20-story-highbuilding一座20层的高楼二、中考链接1、22013.温州）一Ilikereading.Metoo,IespeciallylikethewritingbyJ.K.Rowling.A、homeworksB、numbersC、moviesD、books2、（2013.重庆）Excuseme,wheredidyougetthebook?-Iborroweditformthe.A、cinemaB、libraryC、parkD、station3、（2013.滨州）一Doyouthinktheofthi

14、sskirtsuitsme?Ofcourse!Youalwayslookbeautifulinred.A、sizeBdesignCpriceDcolor4、 （2013.丽水）Beinghonestisthefirstifyouwanttomakefriendswithothers.AstepBtimeCjobDhand5、 （2013.丽水）Tommy,youcanneverletothersknowwhatIhavetoldyoutoday.-Don'tworry.Iwillkeepthe.6、（2012.泰州）-Thepeopleinwesterncountriescelebra

15、tebymarkingpumpkinlanternsandwearingspecialcostumeswithmasks.AChristmasBHalloweenCthanksgivingdayDNewYear'sDay7、 （2012.东营）一The3rdChina;sGotTalent（中国达人秀）givesthechildachancetoshowhisspecial.AabilityBbehaviorCeducationDbackground8、 （2012.昆明）-Mysisterhasapenpal.Sheisform.ACanadaBJapaneseCEnglishDAu

16、stralian9、（2012.六盘水）一Doyoulike?No.Ilikeblue.AorangeBapplesCflowersDmilk10、（2011.资阳）Therearesomanyoverthere.What'shappening?-Let'sgotohavealook.AflowerBcarCchildDpeople11. （2012.遵义）AlltheinourschoolenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8thbecauseitwastheirownholiday.A.MenteachersB.WomenteachersC.Womenteach

17、er12. （2013.济源）Thankstohishard,LuXunproducedlotsoffamousinhislife.A.Work;worksB.works;workC.work;workD.works;works13. （2012.恩施）Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?It'sabouttwentywalk.A.minutes'sB.Minutes'C.Minutes14. （2012.桂林）Myskirtisonthechair.A.SistersB.SisterC.SistersD.Sister's15. （20

18、12.贺州）Mary'sskirtisthesaneasher.A.SistersB.BrotherC.BrotherD.Sister's16. （2011.安顺）Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikeintime?A.50years'B.50year'sC.50-years'D.50-years17. （2013.东北）Whosecomputerdoesn'twork?,ithink.A.JohnhasB.JohndoesC.JohnD.John's18. （2013.德井I）A/ancanusehisdrawi

19、ngstotellaboutbeautifulmountains,theblueseaandmanyotherthings.A.ActorB.ScientistC.ArtistD.Doctor19. （2012.天津）It'ssaidthatmorethan100willattendthismeetinginShanghai.A.manteachersB.WomanteachersC.MenteachersD.Womansteachers20. （2013.长沙）Thewomanbehindthegirlsafamousactress.A.isB.areC.haveD.has三、综合训

20、练（50个题目）A.选择题：1. Tomorrowis.Let'sbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeacherDayB.Teacher'sDayC.Teachers'DayD.theTeachersDay2. Wehavetotalktohergrandpaloudlybecausethere'ssomethingwrongwiththeoldman's.A.eyesB.teethC.throatD.ears3. Whatdoesyourfatherdo,lily?Heis.Hisjobistomakesurethatdr

21、iversobeythetrafficrulers.A.AnactorB.apolicemanC.AwaiterD.Areporter4. MyEnglishteachervisitedAustralialastsummer.Whichcitydidhevisit?.A.ParisB.WashingtonCLondonD.Sydeney.5. WhynotgototheYellowMountainonNationalDay,Jim?I'mafraidit'snotagood.Ihavebeentheretwice.A.wayB.placeC.adviceD.idea6. Cou

22、ldyoutellmehowtoremembernewwordsquickly?Yes,Ithinkatreecanhelpyoualot.A.grammarB.equation.C.punctuationD.vocabulary7. Excuseme.What'stheusuallyusedfor?It'susedforprotectingpeoplefromtherain.A.raincoatB.mirrorC.shelf8. Didyouenjoythe?Yes,itwasdelicious.A.partyB.mealC.trip.9. Mr.LiregardsNingx

23、iaashissecondbecausehehasbeenhereforovertwentyyears.AfamilyBhouseCroomDhome10. TheylikeChineseA.foodandpeoplesB.foodandpeopleC.foodandpeopleD.foodsandpeoples11. Loudnoisemaycausehearingforashorttimeorevenforever.AresultsBquestionsCaccidentsDproblems12. Stopmakingsomush.Thechildrenaresleeping.A.voice

24、B.noiseC.Sound13. ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'sfarmandsawmanythere.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit.14. Oh,dear!Thereisn'tenoughforusinthelift.Nohurry.Let'swaitforthenext.A.floor.B.seatC.roomD.ground15. Thelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.Teeths16. Pleaseremembertogivethehor

25、sesometree.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave17. Hegaveusonhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice18. whosedeskisthis?Isitthe?Yes,itis.A.twinsTomandTony'sB.twin'sTom'sandTony'sC.twins'TomandTony'sD.twins'Tom'sandTony19. Mom,couldyoupassmesome?It'sdelic

26、ious.Ok,butonlyalittle.A.butterB.applesC.tomatoesD.sandwiches20. couldyougivemeonhowtolearnEnglishwell?A.anadviceB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.someadvices21. CanIhelpyou?I2likeformytwindaughters.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoeD.Twopairofshoes22. Hereissomeonthebestcitiesforyourstudyinga

27、broad.A.informationB.ideaC.suggestionD.exam23.Inourschool,thenumberofwomenteacherslargerandlarger.A.isB.areC.beD.been24.AwomanwithtwochildrenalongthestreetatthemomentA.iswalkingB.arewalkingC.walkD.walks25.Betweenthetwohillsadeepriver.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is26. Howsooncanyoufinishthisjob?Twodaysenoughfo

28、rme,.Ineedaweek.A.isn'tB.aren'tC.is27. Oneofmypetdogsplayingwithcats.It'sreallyastrangething.A.enjoysB.enjoyC.enjoyedD.enjoying28. Wecanseemanyandonthehill.A.horses;sheepB.horse;sheepC.horses;sheepsD.horse;sheeps29. Don'tbeangry.Heisonlyaboy.A.eight-year-oldB.three-year-oldC.two-year

29、s-old30. Theofmosttreeswillfallinautumn.A.leafB.leafsC.leavesD.leaveB.填空题:1. Therearethree(key)onthetable.2. Ihavealotof(作业)统部everyday.3. His(裤子)arenew,butmineareold.4. Treesareplantedinmostofthemountainsbyv5. Therearetwooverthere,(vatch)6. Iliketaking(photo).7. Icanseeaandtwostandingthere.(man,woma

30、n).8. Lookatthose(child)9. Hedoesn'tlikethose(glass).10. Howmanycanyousee?(radio).11. Jione1ffLisDayallovertheworld12. TherearemoreandmoredriversinShanghainaw.(woman)13. Givemesome,please.(water)14. ExcusemeTareyuu?YesJamfrom.(Japan)15. Thelittleboyhastwobad(tooth),soheneedstoseethe(牙医)16. Someg

31、irlsliketowear(scarf)oncolddays.17. HeHk器(potato),buthedoesn'tlike(potato)noodles.13.MrBrownsufferedaserious(ill)15. Therearesome(different)betweenmytwinbrotherandme20. Moreandmore(tour)cometoChinaeveryyear.四、语篇选句填空Doyouliketotellstories?Doyouliketowrite?Sometimesthosequestionshavetwodifferentan

32、swers.1 However,itcanbehardtowritethemdownonpaper.2Everprofessionalwritersdonotwriteeverythingperfectlythefirsttime.Theyhavetorevisetheirwork.Whenyoureviseyourwriting,youlookforwaystochangeitthatwillmakeitbetter.3Youmakesurethatyouhaveusedcapitals,periodsandotherpunctuationmarksinthebestway.Youlookf

33、orwordsthatcanbetakenoutorchangedfordifferent,moreexcitingwords.Youmakesurethatyourwordshelpthereadergetapictureinhismindwhenhereadsthem.Writingisoneofthoseskillsthattakepractice.Thechangesyoumakecanturnboringwordsintoexcitingwords.4_Don"tbeafraidtomakechanges.Thefirsttimeyouwriteonatopic,youge

34、tyourideasdownonpaper.5_It'smakingitreadyforreaderstoenjoy.根据短文内容，选出五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整正确。答案E用“AB”表示，答案F用CD”表不。A. Youcheckyourspelling.B. Revisingyourwritingisimportant.C. ManychildrenlovetotellstoriesoutloudD. Revisingyourwritingiscleaningitup.E. Itcanmakeyourideascomealive.B.C.D.E.F.G五、阅读表达Mum

35、,Ihateyou.Idon'tneedanewschoolbagorclothes.I'mnotafraidofbeinghitbyyou.Ionlywantyoutocomeback.”WhenChenJinyingreadherdaughter'sletter,shecouldn'thelpcrying.Chenandherhusbandarenowworkingfarawayfromtheirhometown.Theirdaughter,XiaoLi,islookedbyhergrandparents.LikeChen,manymigrantworker

36、s(夕卜来务工人员)aredreamingaboutabetterlife,sotheyhavetoleavetheirchildrenbehind.Accordingtoasurvey,therearenowabout61millionleft-behindchildren(留守儿童inpoorareasinChina.Thishasbroughtaboutmanyproblems.Thesechildrencarelittleaboutothers.Theydonotdowellatschool.Theylackconfidence.Luckily,manyChinesearenowthi

37、nkingaboutthelifeoftheleft-behindchildren,andactionshavebeentakentohelpsolvetheproblem.AcharityeventtookplaceinBeijingbeforeChildren'sDay.Itsaimwastoraisesocialawareness(意识)ofleft-behindchildren.Theeventwasheldtoraisemoneyfrombusinessesandthepublictoprepare”lovebags”.Insidethebags,therearethings

38、forchildren,includingbooks,torches,andenvelopesandstampssothatchildrencanwritetotheirparents.TheeventwasstartedbyChenweihong,atelevisionhostinChina."Theleft-behindchildrendon'thaveenoughparentalloveandfamilycare.Theyneedtobeintouchwiththeirparents.Wehopeourlovebagswillhelpthemcommunicatewit

39、htheirparents,andmakethemhappier."hesaid.根据短文内容回答下列问题：1 .WhoislookingafterXiaoLi?2 .Howmanyleft-behindchildrenarethereinpoorareasinChinaaccordingtoasurvey?3 .Haveactionsbeentakentohelpsolvetheproblem?4 .Wheredidthecharityeventtakeplace?5WhydidChenWeihongstartthecharityevent?.六、动词时态填空根据短文内容，用括号内

40、所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。ThefirstchocolatewasenjoyedbythepeopleinCentralandSouthAmericahundredsofyearsago.Inthosedays,thecocoabean(可可豆)wasusedtomakeachocolatedrink.Muchlaterit(bring)toEurope.In1824,Mr.CadburyopenedasmallshopintheUnitedKingdom.Hesoldchocolatedrink.Mr.Cadburysaid,“WineisbadandIwant(e

41、ncourage)peopletodrinkchocolateinstead,soI(open)afactorytomakechocolatedrinkinthefuture."In1831,heopenedone.Afewyearslater,aman(invent)awaytomakechocolatebars(块),andsopeoplehadthechancetoeatchocolateinsteadofonlydrinkingit.Atfirstonlydarkchocolatewasmade.Milkchocolatecamelateranditwasmadeby(add

42、)milktothechocolate.Mr.Cadburymadetheirfirstmilkchocolatebarin1897.Theirmostfamouschocolate,Cadbury'sMilkBarwasmadein1905.It(be)popularforover100years.TheCadbutyfactorystill-(马克)chocolateintheUnitedKingdom,andthechocolateiseatenallovertheworld.Everyyear,thousandsofvisitorsgotothefactory(see)howc

43、hocolateismade...9.10.七、选词填空根据短文内容，选出适当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。每个选项只能使用一次，有两项剩余。请将答案标号写在短文后面的横线上。A.beB.tiringC.seaD.vacationE.differenceF.hurryG.usuallyH.riverI.butJ.almostK.tourL.visitEverysummerCarolhasatwo-weekvacation.Sheusuallytravelsalotbyherselfduringherandvisitsnewplaces.LastAugustshe

44、inEurope.Europewasverybeautiful,hervacationwasn'tverynice.Shewasonaoffourcountries,andshewasineachcountryonlyforthreedays.shetoomanymuseumsandwasalwaysina.Carolwasonatrainoronabuseveryday.Afterhervacationshewasandbored.Thissummersheisgoingtospendhervacationinaway.Sheisgoingtotravelwiththreefrien

45、dstoonecountryinAsiaandvisitonlyonecity.Theywillstaythereforsevendaysandtheyaregoingtochooseacitynearthesothattheycangoswimmingandhavepicnicsonthebeach.Itmustbeahappyexperience...9.10.八、补全对话根据对话内容，在每个标有题号的空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话完整、合乎情景。6.A:Hi,Tonl.Ididn'tseeyoulastSunday.Didyougoonthescho

46、oltrip?B:.Istayedathome.A: Oh,really?(2)?B: BecauseIhadalotofthingstodo.A: (3)?B: Icleanedmyroomanddidmyhomework.ThenIwatchedTVA:Notmuchfun,Ithink.B:Well,itwasn'tverybad.Iplayedbasketballthatafternoon.Wastheschooltripinteresting?A: (4).Wewenttotheparkandthezoo.Wehadaverygoodtime.B: (5)?A:Wecamebackata