高中英语状语从句学案(9种全)

1、状语从句在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、 地点、 原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since,as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, noooner than, hardly/scarcelywhen, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time,

2、 last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly 等。1.表示忆就的句型1） as soon as/onceAs soon as he arrives, I'll call you他至U, 我就给你打电话。（as soon as侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而 once侧重条件，表示 幺旦）”2） on doing sth/on one's + n时间状语On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。O

3、n his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.他一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱。3） no sooner .than , hardly/scarcely.when它们表“一就”。结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。）No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when th

4、e phone rang.我一进屋，电话就响了。注意 当no sooner, hardly, scarcely放在句首时，主句不倒装，如：I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started.我刚到车站，车就开走了。I had scarcely (hardly) entered the room when the phone rang.4） the moment, the instant, the minute, the secondThe moment I saw him, I recognized him.我一看见他，就认出了他

5、。We'll leave the minute you are ready.你一准备好，我们就出发。5)有些副词如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从句。I left immediately the clock struck 5.我刚走，钟就敲了五点。2. when, while, as引导时间状语从句1) when的用法when既可指时间点，也可指时间段(即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是 延续的)；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。I was thin when I was a child.当我是个孩子的时候，我很瘦。It was raini

6、ng when I arrived.我至U达时，天正在下雨。在when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语相同或为it,且从句有be动词，则从句可省主语和 be动词，如：When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man.当你有麻烦时，可以找这个人。She is always listening to music when (she is) doing her homework. 当她做 作业时，总是听音乐。when在下列结构中，译成“这时”，它引导的是并列句be about to do . when, be doing . when, h

7、ad done -when,be on one's way . when, be on the point of doing . when (参见 “连词”部 分when的用法)2) while 用法while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于 during the time that.My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。I am safe while I am here我在这儿的时候，我很安全。HIO while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对

8、比句，作“然而”讲；并可在 句首引出让步状语从句作 虽然但”讲。I like watching TV, while he likes reading.我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。第3页/共23页While he has his own car, he often uses mine.尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。3) as的用法as引导时间状语从句时常可和 when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂 动作。As I left the house, I forgot the key我离家时，忘了带钥匙。as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着.，的意思，表时间的推移。如：As I get ol

9、der, I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。as表“一边边，”，引出伴随动作。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。As he was going out, it began to rain.当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。3. before 引导的时间状语从句bef

10、ore引导的时间状语从句不用否定式谓语。第 #页 /共 23页Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.在他们到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。在“It be +时间段+ before从句”句型中，肯定句译成“（之后）才”否定句译成“就”。该句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时 三个时态，且有否定句 。It will be some time before. do.It was some time before.did.It would be some time before.did.It was long beforedid.

11、很久才 ”It wasn't long be fore.did. 不久就 “ . ”It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape fromthe containers. 多年以后化学物质才开始从容器中逃逸。It was not long before he came bac环久他就回来了。It was a long time before he got to sleep again.很久他才再次入睡。It was a week before he could tell his story.一个星期后他才能讲述他的经

12、历。It wasn't long before he told us about himself.不久他就给我们讲述了他自己的故事。 before可译成“未来得及”He had measured me before I could get a word.第 5页 /共 23页我还未来得及插话，他就量好了尺寸。 before可译成“趁着还没”I'll write it down before I forget.趁着还没忘我要把它写下来。4. until 和 till1) “延续性动词肯定式+until”表示“动作延续到为止，”译为“直到一为 止”，如：I waited for h

13、im until he came back.我直等至 U他回来。2) “终止性动词的否定式+ until”表示“直到才He didn't go to bed until he had finished his work.直到完成工作他才睡觉。3)用于强调句式 “It is not until .that.”It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.在教授到来之后，我们才开始实验。4) not until放在句首时，主句倒装。Not until he graduated did he succeed

14、in obtaining this compound.直到J他毕业他才成功获得这种化合物。注意句首和强调句中要用until,而不用till; not.until.句型中不用till。5. since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从时起”，主句要用完成时。Mr. Li has been here since he came back.自从李先生回来以后，他一直在这儿。I haven't heard from him since he lived here.自从他住在这儿以来，我就没有收到过他的来信。I've known Mr. Smith since I was a boy.我小的时

15、候就认识史密斯先生了。6. 时间状语从句的省略式当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语相同或为it,从句又含be动词时，从句可省略主语和be动词。在不产生歧义时，连词也可省去。如：Once （it is） seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦被看见过，永远也不会被忘记。二、地点状语从句1 .地点状语从句主要由where, wherever anywhere, everywhere 引导。We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。I will follow you wherever you go.无论你到何处我都

16、要跟随你。2 .地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。Go back where you came from. （where 弓I导地点状语从句）Go back to the village where you came from.（where引导定语从句，village为先行词）三、原因状语从句原因状语从句由because, as , since, now （that）既然），in that （因为，多第 7页 /共 23页于口语中），seeing （that）（鉴于，由于）considering that （考虑到）等引导。1. bec

17、ause用来回答why提出的问题，表直接的因果关系，用于告知对方不 知道的原因，语气最强，可用于强调句。He didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.他没参加会议，因为他病了。It was because he was ill that he didn't go with us.because!：连词，弓 I 导从句，because of因为他有病，他没有和我们一起去注意because和because of的区另U：是短语介词，后接名词性词语，如：The football match was put off because it

18、 rained.The football match was put off because of the rain.因为下雨，足球赛延期了。2. since, as, now that引导的原因状语从句，不能用于强调句。since的语气比becaus/肖弱，表示关系上的自然结果，特别用于原因已经清楚了的事情，一般译成“既然，鉴于"（往往放在主句之前）如：Since you have known the secret, I needn't say anything about it. 既然你 已经知道了这个秘密，我就不必说了。as语气最弱，说明一般的因果关系，表显而易见的原因

19、或倒果为因的说法 （可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后），如：As he didn't know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word cough他对英语懂得不多，他拿出字典查找“ coughs个词。As the ground is wet, it must have rained last night.（倒果为因）昨晚一定下了雨，地面是湿的。now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。now that放句首时that可 省略：Now （that） everybody is here, let&

20、#39;s begin.3. for 也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，表示补充说明理由。而推断的理由会因人而异。语气很弱，它引出的分句必须放在另一分句后。He must be ill, for he is absent today.4. 原因状语从句有时可以用分词形式表现。As he was blind, he couldn't see anything.Being blind, he couldn't see anything.四、条件状语从句1 .由 if, unless （if.not） , so/as long as, suppos

21、ing（that）（假设）,in case （万 一，以防），so/as far as （就.而言），on condition that （条件是.）, provided/providing （that） （假若） 引导。Tell me about it if you have time.I won't go unless I'm invited.Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards.第 11页 /共 23页

22、2 . “祈使句 +and/or/or else/otherwise+ 陈述句 ”的句型中，祈使句在意义上实际上相当于条件状语从句。Use your head, and you'll find a way.Hurry up or else (otherwise) you be latlel .3 . if only 也可以引导条件状语从句,只不过较少使用而已。only if 也引导条件状语从句，意思是 “只有在 .条件下”If (only) it clears up, I will go.4 .条件状语从句中一般要用一般现在时态表将来。I will go if you go.5 .条件

23、状语从句中的省略问题1)从句主语为it,又有系动词be时，可以省略从句中主语和 be动词。Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.If so, you must get back and get it.还有诸如if necessary如果有必要"，if any如果有"，if in need若需要”。2)如果if从句的主语和主句的主语一致，谓语动词又有be,可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。If (water is) heated, water sends out steam.6 .条件句中的虚拟与倒装 if 引导的条件状语从句若与过去或现在事实不符

24、，或对未来进行不可能的假设，就要用虚拟语气。(详见虚拟语气部分)省略if的虚拟条件从句：若条件从句的谓语动词有were, had或should,可第 10页 /共 23页以把if省去，而把were, had或should移到主语前构成倒装。Had I arrived there earlier, I would have seen him.Were it not for him, I would not have the chance to go home.Should he be here tomorrow, I would give him a hand.五、目的状语从句由 so that

25、 （以便），in order that （为了），for fear that （= in case）（以 免），lest （以防）引导，谓语常含 may, might, can, could, will, would 等情态 动词。They set out early so that they might arrive at the station in good time.I'll speak slowly so that/in order that you can understand.He wrote the name down for fear tha（t lest） he w

26、ould forget.当从句与主句主语一致时，可用 to do, so as to do, in order to do 结构换用。He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.He worked day and night in order to succeed.六、结果状语从句1 .常用的连词有so that, so . that, suchthat, that （带古英语痕迹）。（结果 状语从句中一般无情态动词）He had overslept so that he was late for work.My pen fel

27、l under my desk that I couldn't see it.2 . so/suchthat所用句式so + adj （adv） + that从句The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. so+adj +a/an+1 名 + that 从句=such a/an+adj.弹名 +that 从句She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her.=She is such a beautiful girl that all the boys o

28、f our class like her. so many/few + 复名 + that 从句so much/little+不可数名词+ that从句There are so many apples on the desk that we each have one.There is so little water that you can't drink. such +a/an + adj + 单名 + that 从句She is such a good girl that she can help you.such + adj + 复名/不可数名+ that从句It was su

29、ch bad weather that we all stayed home.He has such interesting books that he keeps reading all day.注意little表“小，可爱”时，用such不用so修饰。He is such a little boy that his patents often teach him something.七、方式状语从句由 as, as if (as though)弓I导。Do as you like.He spoke as if he had been there before.法国as if, as tho

30、ugh从句与事实相反时用虚拟语气，与事实相符，不用虚拟语气第#页/共23页八、比较状语从句常用连词than, as .as., not as/so. asHe ran as far as he could.I'm not as/so tall as he/him.She studies harder than （I study） the more . the more. 引导 , 且经常以省略形式出现The harder you try, the better you will understand.九、让步状语从句由 though, although, as, even if/tho

31、ugh , no matter wh-, wh-eve词，whetheror （不管都），when, while等引导。1. though, although 这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与 but连用，但可以和yet, still, nevertheless连用 though 还可作副词单独放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。Although the TV set is very dear, I still want to buy it.Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working.2. as引导让

32、步状语时，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为 ：形容词/副词/名词+ as +主+谓动词 + as +主+情态动词Child as he is, he knows a lot.Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.Great a scientist as he is, he remains modest.第 13页 /共 23页Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.注意在这种倒装结构中，也可以用though （不太常用），但不可用although.Bravely though th

33、e players fought, they had no chance of winning.3. even if （尽管；即使）,even though （尽管）这两个复合连词意义基本相同，常用以强调让步概念，有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟）。表“即使”时有假设含义，一般用 even if。We'll make trip even if（though） the weather is bad.Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.（虚拟）4. “whether. or.”可引导让步状语从句Whether y

34、ou believe it or not, it is true.5. “no matter + wh- "引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句时“疑问句-ever”相当于“no matter + 疑问词”，止匕时:no matter who = whoeverno matter what = whateverno matter which = whicheverno matter where = whereverno matter how = howeverNo matter what happened, he would not mind.It's a nice room n

35、o matter whom （whoever） it belongs to.6. “no matter + wh-”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“ wh-ever”形式除引 导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句时：whoever = anyone who任何 的人whatever = anything that任何 的事 （物）whenever = anyplace whereE何 的地方I will give the book to whoever needs it.I like whatever you like.7. when引导让步状语从句时置于主句后虽然却，尽管但H

36、e walks when he might take a taxi.本（应，可以）却。when 从句用虚拟式为： could/should . have doneShe stopped trying when she might succeed next time.8. while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与 though同，但though从句可 到装，while从句不可倒装。9. 让步状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。No matter what he is, he will be punished.十、状语从句的省略现象当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或为it,同时从句谓语含be动词，就可

37、省去从句的主语和be动词。时间状语从句中：Don' t speaknuil （you are） spoken to.第15页/共23页While (I was) in Beijing, I lived with my uncle.I want to go swimming when (it is) possible.条件状语从句中：Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.If (it is) so, you would be punished.Unless (it is) repaired, the TV set is of no use.方式状语从句中：S

38、he stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.观察内容的选择，我本着先静后动，由近及远的原则，有目的、有计划的先 安排与幼儿生活接近的，能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少的，是相 当有趣的，如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等，孩子一边观察，一边提问，兴趣很浓。 我提供的观察对象，注意形象逼真，色彩鲜明，大小适中，引导幼儿多角度 多层面地进行观察，保证每个幼儿看得到，看得清。看得清才能说得正确。 在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法，即按顺序观察和 抓住事物的不同特征重点观察，观察与说话相结合，在观察中积累词汇，理 解词汇，

39、如一次我抓住时机，引导幼儿观察雷雨，雷雨前天空急剧变化，乌 云密布，我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的，有的孩子说：乌云像大海的波浪。有 的孩子说 乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说 这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电 时，我告诉他 这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来，我抓住时机说：这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨，我问：雨下得怎样？”幼儿说大极了，我就舀一盆水往下一倒，作比较观察，让幼儿掌握 倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后,第16页/共23页第19页/共23页我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空，朗诵自编的一首儿歌：蓝天高，白云飘，鸟儿飞，树儿摇，太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情，幼儿不仅印象 深刻，对雷雨前后气象变

40、化的词语学得快，记得牢，而且会应用。我还在观 察的基础上，引导幼儿联想，让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来， 在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的，尖尖的，硬硬的，像医 生用的手术刀一样，给大树开刀治病。通过联想，幼儿能够生动形象地描述 观察对象。其他状语从句中：Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.Fill in the blanks with proper words where (it is) necessary.练习一、用适当的连词填空：1. Dr. Bethune 日求恩)came to China he was fift

41、y.2. He began to work he got there.3. Let's begin our meeting everyone is here.4. I like the English people,I don't like their food.5. you go in China, you can see smiling faces.6. He didn't come to the lecture,he was very busy.7. we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.8. They will

42、help you you meet with difficulty.9. we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.1. .I didn't join them yesterday evening I had to go to an importantmeeting.11. We would try to get a car we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday she

43、seldom wrote toher family.13. We're doing everything we can to make things as easy for you we can.14. The meeting became so disorderly the speaker had to shout theaudience down.15. He was angrier ever before.16. you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.17. The boy was so tired he fe

44、ll asleep on the bus.18. Hard he tried, he couldn force the door open.二、选择填空1. you' ve tried it, you can' hbimagaeant it is.A. Unless B. BecauseC. AlthoughD. When2. He left in a hurry he forgot his key.A. such, that B. so, thatC. the same, as D. such,as3. He has loved me I were his son.A. be

45、cause B. asC. ifD. as though4. I don ' t think I ' ll need any monendpsome ，ll.br第18页/共23页A. as lastB. in caseC. once againD. in time5. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up Icould answer.A. asB. sinceC. beforeD. until6. We must do it well,there are a lot of diffi

46、culties.A. as ifB. as thoughC. even thoughD. even as7. has taken part in the Athens Olympic Games is worth praising no matter he has won medals or not.A. Who; if B. Anyone; whether C. Whoever; whether D. Whoever; how8. -It ' s a long tirn I saw you last.-Yes, and what a pity it is now that it wi

47、ll be a long time we see eachother again.A. before; since B. since; when C. since; before D. when; before9. The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort hereturned to his office.A. untilB. whileC. by the time D. the moment10. He had already walked three or four miles he saw a c

48、art by the side ofthe road.A. whileB. whenC. the momentD. unless11. Much the young couple needed money to make the down payment forthe apartment, theywouldn ' t ask their parts for help.A. although B. asC. even ifD. while12. I have kept the photo I can always see it, as it reminds me of the days

49、when I studied in Britain.A. at which B. whenC. where D. at the place13. I would appreciate it you can help . me with my English thisafternoon.A. because B. untilC. whenD. if14. you may be right, I can ltogether agree. A. AsB. WhileC. IfD. Since15. was 2019 I graduated from the university.A. It; whe

50、n B. It; that C. That; when D. That; that16. The famous scientist grew up he was born and in 1930 he came toShanghai.A. whenB. whenever C. where D. wherever17.“It gives me greoyt and I feel more pressure than I didI won in第21页/共23页C. whichD. howChina, " ing Junhui said.A. thatB. when18. Parents

51、 should take seriously theichildren ' s requests!ifrgrasseseye protection is necessary in sunny weather.A. becauseB. throughC. unlessD. if19. John shut everyone out of the kitchen he could prepare his grandsurprise for the party.A. whichB. whenC. so thatD. as if20. everybody knows about it I don ' t want to talk anore.A. ForB. EvenC. SinceD.However三、将下列各句括号内的中文译成英文1. When he got the money,他想怎么花就怎么花）。2. I will go（你去的任何地方）。3. 氏一黑），the lights of